基于高精度遥感影像和精细植被踏查的金华北山植被制图

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0371

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植被图展示一个地区的植被类型及其空间分布格局, 是研究植被和生物多样性等基础生态学, 以及植被恢复和管理等应用生态学的重要依据。以中亚热带常绿阔叶林区域的浙江省金华北山为研究对象, 基于高分二号(GF-2)高精度遥感图像, 结合大批量野外植被调查, 利用地理信息系统(ArcGIS)和遥感图像处理软件(ENVI)制作了金华北山1:6万高精度现状植被图。结果表明: 1)高精度遥感图像和大批量植被记录相结合, 较好刻画了金华北山南坡的植被格局, 共划分为7个植被型组、22个植被型、25个植被亚型、60个群系组和76个群系。2)在金华北山南坡65.5 km²区域内, 植被覆盖率约为93.0%, 且以森林(66.1%)、农业植被(14.7%)和灌丛(10.5%)为主。3)分布于海拔900 m以下、面积为10.6 km²的马尾松(Pinus massoniana)林, 分布于海拔108-946 m之间、面积为7.4 km²的马尾松-落叶阔叶混交林, 以及分布于海拔100-1 037 m之间、面积为5.3 km²的木荷(Schima superba)林, 是分布范围最大的3类群系。该研究是大比例尺局域植被制图的一个案例, 能够为不同比例尺区域和全国高精度植被制图、植被生态学研究和植被经营管理提供基础资料。

关键词: 常绿阔叶林, 植被图, 遥感, 植被分类, 区域植被分布

Abstract:

Aims Vegetation map illustrates the vegetation types and their spatial distribution patterns of a given area, which is an important foundation for investigating fundamental ecology such as vegetation feature and biodiversity study, as well as applied ecology such as vegetation restoration and management. The aim of this research is to chart a high-resolution local vegetation map of Beishan Mountain in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, a middle subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest region in eastern China.

Methods A digital vegetation map with very high spatial resolution at the 1:60 000 scale in a 65.5 km² area in the middle part of the southern slope of Beishan Mountain in Jinhua was produced, based on high-resolution of 1-4 m satellite (GF-2) remote sensing images and intensive field vegetation surveys of 3 774 sites and 24 plots. The Geographical Information System (ArcGIS) and remote sensing image processing software (ENVI) were further utilized to conduct the mapping.

Important findings 1) High-resolution remote sensing images and a large quantity of vegetation records characterized the vegetation pattern on the southern slope of Beishan Mountain in Jinhua. The vegetation was divided into 7 Vegetation Formation Groups, 22 Vegetation Formations, 25 Vegetation Subformations, 60 Alliance Groups, and 76 Alliances. 2) In the 65.5 km²area on the southern slope of Beishan Mountain in Jinhua, the vegetation coverage of mapping area is about 93.0%. Among these vegetation areas, forest (66.1%), agricultural vegetation (14.7%) and shrubland (10.5%) are the main three vegetation types. 3) The three widely distributed alliances are Pinus massoniana forest in an area of 10.6 km² and distributed below 900 m in altitude, Pinus massoniana - deciduous broadleaf mixed forest in an area of 7.4 km² and distributed between 108 and 946 m, and Schima superba forest in an area of 5.3 km² and distributed in 100-1 037 m. This is a case study of vegetation mapping at a big mapping scale. Such study can provide fundamental data for the high-resolution regional and national vegetation mappings at multiple scales, research of vegetation science, and vegetation service and management.

Key words: evergreen broadleaf forest, vegetation map, remote sensing, vegetation classification, regional vegetation distribution

郑亚纹, 樊海东, 刘立斌, 倪健. 基于高精度遥感影像和精细植被踏查的金华北山植被制图. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(11): 1471-1485. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0371

ZHENG Ya-Wen, FAN Hai-Dong, LIU Li-Bin, NI Jian. Vegetation mapping of Beishan Mountain in Jinhua, Zhejiang, based on high-resolution remote sensing image and intensive vegetation survey. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(11): 1471-1485. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0371

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0371

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I11/1471

图/表 7

参考文献 36

[1]	de Colstoun ECB, Story MH, Thompson C, Commisso K, Smith TG, Irons JR (2003). National Park vegetation mapping using multitemporal Landsat 7 data and a decision tree classifier. Remote Sensing of Environment, 85, 316-327.
[2]	Deng MD (2022). Vegetation Classification and 1:50000 Vegetation Map Drawing in the Ecological “Green-Core” Area of Changzhutan Urban Cluster. Master degree dissertation, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha.
	[邓梦达 (2022). 长株潭绿心区植被分类及1: 50000植被图绘制. 硕士学位论文, 中南林业科技大学, 长沙.]
[3]	Deng SB, Chen QJ, Du HJ, Xu EH (2014). ENVI Method of Remote Sensing Image Processing. 2nd ed. Higher Education Press, Beijing. 60-67, 132-150.
	[邓书斌, 陈秋锦, 杜会建, 徐恩惠 (2014). ENVI遥感图像处理方法. 2版. 高等教育出版社, 北京. 60-67, 132-150.]
[4]	Fan HD, Chen HY, Wu YN, Liu JF, Xu DY, Cao JY, Yuan Q, Tan B, Liu XT, Xu J, Wang GM, Han WJ, Liu LB, Ni J (2019). Community characteristics of main vegetation types on the southern slope of Beishan Mountain in Jinhua, Zhejiang, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 43, 921-928.
	[樊海东, 陈海燕, 吴雁南, 刘建峰, 徐德宇, 曹嘉瑜, 袁泉, 谭斌, 刘晓彤, 徐佳, 王国敏, 韩文娟, 刘立斌, 倪健 (2019). 金华北山南坡主要植被类型的群落特征. 植物生态学报, 43, 921-928.] DOI
[5]	Fang JY, Guo K, Wang GH, Tang ZY, Xie ZQ, Shen ZH, Wang RQ, Qiang S, Liang CZ, Da LJ, Yu D (2020). Vegetation classification system and classification of vegetation types used for the compilation of vegetation of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 44, 96-110.
	[方精云, 郭柯, 王国宏, 唐志尧, 谢宗强, 沈泽昊, 王仁卿, 强胜, 梁存柱, 达良俊, 于丹 (2020). 《中国植被志》的植被分类系统、植被类型划分及编排体系. 植物生态学报, 44, 96-110.] DOI
[6]	Guo K, Fang JY, Wang GH, Tang ZY, Xie ZQ, Shen ZH, Wang RQ, Qiang S, Liang CZ, Da LJ, Yu D (2020). A revised scheme of vegetation classification system of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 44, 111-127. DOI
	[郭柯, 方精云, 王国宏, 唐志尧, 谢宗强, 沈泽昊, 王仁卿, 强胜, 梁存柱, 达良俊, 于丹 (2020). 中国植被分类系统修订方案. 植物生态学报, 44, 111-127.] DOI
[7]	Guo QH, Guan HC, Hu TY, Jin SC, Su YJ, Wang XJ, Wei DJ, Ma Q, Sun QH (2021). Remote sensing-based mapping for the new generation of Vegetation Map of China (1:500,000). Scientia Sinica (Vitae), 51, 229-241.
	[郭庆华, 关宏灿, 胡天宇, 金时超, 苏艳军, 王雪静, 魏邓杰, 马勤, 孙千惠 (2021). 新一代1:50万中国植被图绘制方法探讨. 中国科学: 生命科学, 51, 229-241.]
[8]	Guo YF, Wu TJ, Luo JC, Shi HN, Gao LJ (2022). Remote sensing mapping of mountain vegetation via uncertainty-based iterative optimization. Journal of Geo-Information Science, 24, 1406-1419.
	[郭逸飞, 吴田军, 骆剑承, 石含宁, 郜丽静 (2022). 基于不确定性迭代优化的山地植被遥感制图. 地球信息科学学报, 24, 1406-1419.] DOI
[9]	Hou XY (1960). China’s Vegetation. People’s Education Press, Beijing.
	[侯学煜 (1960). 中国的植被. 人民教育出版社, 北京.]
[10]	Hou XY (2001). Vegetation Atlas of China (1:1000000). Science Press, Beijing.
	[侯学煜 (2001). 1:1000000 中国植被图集. 科学出版社, 北京.]
[11]	Hou XY, Ma RZ (1956). Wall Map of Vegetation-Soil Regionalization in China (1:4000000). Map Publishing House, Beijing.
	[侯学煜, 马溶之 (1956). 中国植被-土壤分区挂图(1: 400万). 地图出版社, 北京.]
[12]	Hou XY, Sun SZ, Zhang JW, He MG, Wang YF, Sun DZ, Wang SQ (1979). Vegetation Map of the People’s Republic of China (1:4000000). Map Publishing House, Beijing.
	[侯学煜, 孙世洲, 张经炜, 何妙光, 王义风, 孙德珍, 王绍庆 (1979). 中华人民共和国植被图(1: 4000000). 地图出版社, 北京.]
[13]	Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences(1980). Application of remote sensing method in vegetation mapping. Agricultural Regional Planning, (3), 44-50.
	[中国科学院植物研究所 (1980). 遥感方法在植被制图中的应用. 农业区划, (3), 44-50.]
[14]	Jia NX, Guo K, Song CY, Liu CC (2021). Principles of color and symbol design for vegetation mapping and a scheme of national vegetation map legends. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 45, 809-817.
	[贾宁霞, 郭柯, 宋创业, 刘长成 (2021). 植被制图色彩和符号设计原则与全国植被图图例方案. 植物生态学报, 45, 809-817.] DOI
[15]	Ma KP, Guo QH (2021). Progress and recent trends of vegetation ecology in China. Scientia Sinica (Vitae), 51, 215-218.
	[马克平, 郭庆华 (2021). 中国植被生态学研究的进展和趋势. 中国科学: 生命科学, 51, 215-218.]
[16]	Malan OG, Westfall RH (1987). A new strategy for vegetation mapping with the aid of Landsat MSS data. Advances in Space Research, 7, 97-103.
[17]	Rodriguez-Galiano VF, Chica-Olmo M, Abarca-Hernandez F, Atkinson PM, Jeganathan C (2012). Random Forest classification of Mediterranean land cover using multi-seasonal imagery and multi-seasonal texture. Remote Sensing of Environment, 121, 93-107.
[18]	Sang JW, Song CY, Jia NX, Jia Y, Liu CC, Qiao XG, Zhang L, Yuan WY, Wu DX, Li LH, Guo K (2023). Vegetation survey and mapping on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Biodiversity Science, 31, 22430. DOI: 10.17520/biods. 2022430.
	[桑佳文, 宋创业, 贾宁霞, 贾元, 刘长成, 乔鲜果, 张琳, 袁伟影, 吴冬秀, 李凌浩, 郭柯 (2023). 青藏高原植被调查与制图评估. 生物多样性, 31, 22430. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022430.]
[19]	Shi JX (2021). Vegetation Classification and Mapping of Zhoushan Archipelago. Master degree dissertation, East China Normal University, Shanghai.
	[石娇星 (2021). 舟山群岛植被分类与制图. 硕士学位论文, 华东师范大学, 上海.]
[20]	Song YC (2004). Tentative classification scheme of evergreen broad-leaved forests of China. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 28, 435-448.
	[宋永昌 (2004). 中国常绿阔叶林分类试行方案. 植物生态学报, 28, 435-448.] DOI
[21]	Song YC (2013). Evergreen Broad-leaved Forests in China: Classification, Ecology, Conservation. Science Press, Beijing.
	[宋永昌 (2013). 中国常绿阔叶林: 分类·生态·保育. 科学出版社, 北京.]
[22]	Song YC (2017). Vegetation Ecology. 2nd ed. Higher Education Press, Beijing.
	[宋永昌 (2017). 植被生态学. 2版. 高等教育出版社, 北京.]
[23]	Su YJ, Guo QH, Hu TY, Guan HC, Jin SC, An SZ, Chen XL, Guo K, Hao ZQ, Hu YM, Huang YM, Jiang MX, Li JX, Li ZJ, Li XK, et al. (2020). An updated vegetation map of China (1:1000000). Science Bulletin, 65, 1125-1136. DOI PMID
[24]	Sun XH, Shi JK, Li XW, Wu WJ, Liang L, Gong C (2021). Mapping and dynamic changes of refined vegetation distribution in Xisha Islands. National Remote Sensing Bulletin, 25, 1473-1488.
	[孙晓慧, 史建康, 李新武, 吴文瑾, 梁雷, 宫晨 (2021). 西沙群岛精细植被分布的遥感制图及动态变化. 遥感学报, 25, 1473-1488.]
[25]	The Editorial Committee of Vegetation Map of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences(2007). Vegetation Map of the People’s Republic of China 1:1000000. Geological Publishing House, Beijing.
	[中国科学院中国植被图编辑委员会 (2007). 中华人民共和国植被图1:1000000. 地质出版社, 北京.]
[26]	The Editorial Committee of Vegetation of China (1980). Vegetation of China. Science Press, Beijing.
	[中国植被编辑委员会 (1980). 中国植被. 科学出版社, 北京.]
[27]	Tian LS (1993). Vegetation Mapping. Xi’an Map Press, Xi’an.
	[田连恕 (1993). 植被制图. 西安地图出版社, 西安.]
[28]	Wang H, Wang CB, Wu HG (2016). Using GF-2 imagery and the conditional random field model for urban forest cover mapping. Remote Sensing Letters, 7, 378-387.
[29]	Wang L, Dong L, Hu TY, Guo K (2021a). History and prospect of vegetation map compilation in China. Scientia Sinica (Vitae), 51, 219-228.
	[王乐, 董雷, 胡天宇, 郭柯 (2021a). 中国植被图编研历史与展望. 中国科学: 生命科学, 51, 219-228.]
[30]	Wang L, Dong L, Zhao ZP, Lu SZ, Wang J, Liu YG, Jin SC, Guan HC, Guo K (2021b). Vegetation diversity and mapping in the priority area of Taihang Mountains biodiversity conservation (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region). Scientia Sinica (Vitae), 51, 289-299.
	[王乐, 董雷, 赵志平, 陆帅志, 王静, 刘永刚, 金时超, 关宏灿, 郭柯 (2021b). 太行山生物多样性保护优先区域京津冀地区植被多样性与植被制图. 中国科学: 生命科学, 51, 289-299.]
[31]	Xie YC, Sha ZY, Yu M (2008). Remote sensing imagery in vegetation mapping: a review. Journal of Plant Ecology, 1, 9-23. DOI
[32]	Xu MS, Zhu XT, Wang WS, Du YC, Wang YY, Liang QM, Zheng LT, Yan ER (2022). Vegetation classification and mapping of Dajinshan Island: a grid inventory-based approach. Guihaia, 42, 1273-1283.
	[许洺山, 朱晓彤, 王万胜, 杜运才, 汪彦颖, 梁启明, 郑丽婷, 阎恩荣 (2022). 上海大金山岛植被分类与制图——基于网格化清查方法. 广西植物, 42, 1273-1283.]
[33]	Yao YH, Zhang JY, Suonan DZ (2020). Compilation of 1:50000 vegetation type map with remote sensing images based on mountain altitudinal belts of Taibai Mountain in the north-south transitional zone of China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 75, 620-630.
	[姚永慧, 张俊瑶, 索南东主 (2020). 南北过渡带1:5万植被类型图遥感制图案例研究. 地理学报, 75, 620-630.] DOI
[34]	Ying XF, Liu P, Guo SL, Chen JH, Lu HF (2006). Study on the woody plant flora of Beishan Mount of Jinhua in Zhejiang Province. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Agricultural Science), 24, 39-43.
	[应小芳, 刘鹏, 郭水良, 陈建华, 吕洪飞 (2006). 浙江金华北山木本植物区系研究. 上海交通大学学报(农业科学版), 24, 39-43.]
[35]	Zhang H, Zhao CL, Zhu WQ (2021). A new vegetation map for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by integrated classification from multi-source data products. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science), 57, 816-824.
	[张慧, 赵涔良, 朱文泉 (2021). 基于多源数据产品集成分类制作的青藏高原现状植被图. 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版), 57, 816-824.]
[36]	Zhang XL, Zhou JH, Cai WT, Gao NN, Zheng YR (2018). Vegetation mapping (1:100000) in Heihe River Basin using 3S technology. Journal of Northwest Normal University (Natural Science), 54(2), 95-101.
	[张晓龙, 周继华, 蔡文涛, 高楠楠, 郑元润 (2018). 基于3S技术的黑河流域1:100000植被制图. 西北师范大学学报(自然科学版), 54(2), 95-101.]

卫星名称 Satellite name	编号 Serial number	拍摄时间 Shooting time	数据类型 Data type	空间分辨率 Spatial resolution	级别 Level	坐标系 Coordinate system	幅宽 Swath width
高分二号 GF-2	1	2016-03-01	全色+多光谱 Panchromatic + multispectral	全色: 1 m; 多光谱: 4 m Panchromatic: 1 m; Multispectral: 4 m	1A	WGS-1984	45 km
	2	2015-12-18
	3	2015-12-18

卫星名称 Satellite name	编号 Serial number	拍摄时间 Shooting time	数据类型 Data type	空间分辨率 Spatial resolution	级别 Level	坐标系 Coordinate system	幅宽 Swath width
高分二号 GF-2	1	2016-03-01	全色+多光谱 Panchromatic + multispectral	全色: 1 m; 多光谱: 4 m Panchromatic: 1 m; Multispectral: 4 m	1A	WGS-1984	45 km
	2	2015-12-18
	3	2015-12-18

植被型组 Vegetation Formation Group	植被型 Vegetation Formation	植被亚型 Vegetation Subformation	群系组 Alliance Group	群系 Alliance
一森林 Forest	I. 落叶针叶林 Deciduous Needleleaf Forest	1. 暖性落叶针叶林 Subtropical Deciduous Needleleaf Forest	(1) 暖性金钱松林 Subtropical Pseudolarix Forest	1) 金钱松林 Pseudolarix amabilis Forest
	I. 落叶针叶林 Deciduous Needleleaf Forest	1. 暖性落叶针叶林 Subtropical Deciduous Needleleaf Forest	(2) 暖性水杉林 Subtropical Metasequoia Forest	2) 水杉林 Metasequoia glyptostroboides Forest
	II. 常绿针叶林 Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	2. 温性常绿针叶林 Temperate Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	(3) 温性松林 Temperate Pinus Forest	3) 黄山松林 Pinus taiwanensis Forest
			(4) 温性柳杉林 Temperate Cryptomeria Forest	4) 柳杉林 Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis Forest
			(5) 温性扁柏林 Temperate Chamaecyparis Forest	5) 日本扁柏林 Chamaecyparis obtusa Forest
			(5) 温性扁柏林 Temperate Chamaecyparis Forest	6) 绒柏林 Chamaecyparis pisifera ‘Squarrosa’ Forest
		3. 暖性常绿针叶林 Subtropical Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	(6) 暖性松林 Subtropical Pinus Forest	7) 马尾松林 Pinus massoniana Forest
			(7) 暖性杉木林 Subtropical Cunninghamia Forest	8) 杉木林 Cunninghamia lanceolata Forest
			(8) 暖性刺柏林 Subtropical Juniperus Forest	9) 刺柏林 Juniperus formosana Forest
			(9) 暖性柏木林 Subtropical Cupressus Forest	10) 柏木林 Cupressus funebris Forest
	III. 常绿与落叶针叶混交林 Mixed Evergreen and Deciduous Needleleaf Forest	4. 温性常绿与落叶针叶混交林 Subtropical Mixed Evergreen and Deciduous Needleleaf Forest	(10) 温性柳杉-落叶针叶混交林 Temperate Cryptomeria - Deciduous Needleleaf Mixed Forest	11) 柳杉+金钱松林 Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis + Pseudolarix amabilis Forest
				12) 柳杉+水杉林 Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis + Metasequoia glyptostroboides Forest
	IV. 针叶与阔叶混交林 Mixed Needleleaf and Broadleaf Forest	5. 温性针叶与阔叶混交林 Temperate Mixed Needleleaf and Broadleaf Forest	(11) 温性松-阔叶混交林 Temperate Pinus - Broadleaf Mixed Forest	13) 黄山松+枫香树+栓皮栎林 Pinus taiwanensis + Liquidambar formosana + Quercus variabilis Forest
			(11) 温性松-阔叶混交林 Temperate Pinus - Broadleaf Mixed Forest	14) 黄山松+木荷混交林 Pinus taiwanensis + Schima superba Forest
			(12) 温性柳杉-阔叶混交林 Temperate Cryptomeria - Broadleaf Mixed Forest	15) 柳杉+厚朴林 Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis + Houpoea officinalis Forest
		6. 暖性针叶与阔叶混交林 Subtropical Mixed Needleleaf and Broadleaf Forest	(13) 暖性金钱松-阔叶混交林 Subtropical Pseudolarix - Broadleaf Mixed Forest	16) 金钱松+枫香树林 Pseudolarix amabilis + Liquidambar formosana Forest
			(14) 暖性水杉-阔叶混交林 Subtropical Metasequoia - Broadleaf Mixed Forest	17) 水杉+枫杨林 Metasequoia glyptostroboides + Pterocarya stenoptera Forest
				18) 水杉+樟林 Metasequoia glyptostroboides + Camphora officinarum Forest
			(15) 暖性松-阔叶混交林 Subtropical Pinus - Broadleaf Mixed Forest	19) 马尾松+落叶阔叶混交林 Pinus massoniana + Deciduous Broadleaf Mixed Forest
			(15) 暖性松-阔叶混交林 Subtropical Pinus - Broadleaf Mixed Forest	20) 马尾松+常绿阔叶混交林 Pinus massoniana + Evergreen Broadleaf Mixed Forest
			(16) 暖性杉木-阔叶混交林 Subtropical Cunninghamia - Broadleaf Mixed Forest	21) 杉木+落叶阔叶混交林 Cunninghamia lanceolata + Deciduous Broadleaf Mixed Forest
				22) 杉木+常绿阔叶混交林 Cunninghamia lanceolata + Evergreen Broadleaf Mixed Forest
	V. 落叶阔叶林 Deciduous Broadleaf Forest	7. 暖性落叶阔叶林 Subtropical Deciduous Broadleaf Forest	(17) 枫香林 Liquidambar Forest	23) 枫香树林 Liquidambar formosana Forest
			(18) 栎林 Quercus Forest	24) 栎林 Quercus spp. Forest
			(19) 栗林 Castanea Forest	25) 栗林 Castanea spp. Forest
			(20) 化香林 Platycarya Forest	26) 化香树林 Platycarya strobilacea Forest
			(21) 黄檀林 Dalbergia Forest	27) 黄檀林 Dalbergia hupeana Forest
			(22) 杂木林 Mixed Woods Forest	28) 杂木人工林 Mixed Woods Artificial Forest
一森林 Forest	VI. 常绿与落叶阔叶混交林 Mixed Evergreen and Deciduous Broadleaf Forest	8. 亚热带常绿与落叶阔叶混交林 Subtropical Mixed Evergreen and Deciduous Broadleaf Forest	(23) 木荷-落叶阔叶混交林 Schima - Deciduous Broadleaf Mixed Forest	29) 木荷+落叶阔叶混交林 Schima superba + Deciduous Broadleaf Mixed Forest
	VII. 常绿阔叶林 Evergreen Broadleaf Forest	9. 典型亚热带常绿阔叶林 Typical Subtropical Evergreen Broadleaf Forest	(24) 木荷林 Schima Forest	30) 木荷林 Schima superba Forest
			(25) 锥林 Castanopsis Forest	31) 苦槠林 Castanopsis sclerophylla Forest
			(26) 樟林 Camphora Forest	32) 樟林 Camphora officinarum Forest
	VIII. 竹林 Bamboo Forest	10. 暖性竹林 Subtropical Bamboo Forest	(27) 竹林 Bamboo Forest	33) 毛竹林 Phyllostachys edulis Forest
二灌丛 Shrubland	IX. 落叶阔叶灌丛 Deciduous Broadleaf Shrubland	11. 暖性落叶阔叶灌丛 Subtropical Deciduous Broadleaf Shrubland	(28) 盐肤木灌丛 Rhus Shrubland	34) 盐麸木灌丛 Rhus chinensis Shrubland
			(29) 绣线菊灌丛 Spiraea Shrubland	35) 粉花绣线菊灌丛 Spiraea japonica Shrubland
			(30) 化香树灌丛 Platycarya Shrubland	36) 化香树灌丛 Platycarya strobilacea Shrubland
			(31) 黄檀灌丛 Dalbergia Shrubland	37) 黄檀灌丛 Dalbergia hupeana Shrubland
			(32) 胡枝子灌丛 Lespedeza Shrubland	38) 胡枝子灌丛 Lespedeza bicolor Shrubland
			(33) 绣球灌丛 Hydrangea Shrubland	39) 圆锥绣球灌丛 Hydrangea paniculata Shrubland
			(34) 八角枫灌丛 Alangium Shrubland	40) 八角枫灌丛 Alangium chinense Shrubland
			(35) 胡颓子灌丛 Elaeagnus Shrubland	41) 木半夏灌丛 Elaeagnus multiflora Shrubland
			(36) 山胡椒灌丛 Lindera Shrubland	42) 红果山胡椒灌丛 Lindera erythrocarpa Shrubland
			(36) 山胡椒灌丛 Lindera Shrubland	43) 山胡椒灌丛 Lindera glauca Shrubland
			(37) 木姜子灌丛 Litsea Shrubland	44) 山鸡椒灌丛 Litsea cubeba Shrubland
			(38) 檵木灌丛 Loropetalum Shrubland	45) 檵木灌丛 Loropetalum chinense Shrubland
			(39) 牡荆灌丛 Vitex Shrubland	46) 黄荆灌丛 Vitex negundo Shrubland
			(40) 葛灌丛 Pueraria Shrubland	47) 葛灌丛 Pueraria montana var. lobata Shrubland
	X. 常绿阔叶灌丛 Evergreen Broadleaf Shrubland	12. 暖性常绿阔叶灌丛 Subtropical Evergreen Broadleaf Shrubland	(41) 青冈灌丛 Quercus Shrubland	48) 青冈灌丛 Quercus glauca Shrubland
			(41) 青冈灌丛 Quercus Shrubland	49) 褐叶青冈灌丛 Quercus stewardiana Shrubland
			(42) 柯灌丛 Lithocarpus Shrubland	50) 短尾柯灌丛 Lithocarpus brevicaudatus Shrubland
			(43) 山茶灌丛 Camellia Shrubland	51) 毛柄连蕊茶灌丛 Camellia fraterna Shrubland
			(44) 柃灌丛 Eurya Shrubland	52) 柃灌丛 Eurya spp. Shrubland
			(45) 蒲桃灌丛 Syzygium Shrubland	53) 赤楠灌丛 Syzygium buxifolium Shrubland
			(46) 杜鹃花灌丛 Rhododendron Shrubland	54) 马银花灌丛 Rhododendron ovatum Shrubland
			(47) 油麻藤灌丛 Mucuna Shrubland	55) 油麻藤灌丛 Mucuna sempervirens Shrubland
	XI. 竹丛 Bamboo Shrubland	13. 暖性竹丛 Subtropical Bamboo Shrubland	(48) 竹丛 Bamboo Shrubland	56) 竹丛 Bamboo Shrubland
三草本植被 Herbaceous Vegetation	XII. 丛生禾草草丛 Tussock Grassland	14. 亚热带丛生禾草草丛 Subtropical Tussock Grassland	(49) 芒草丛 Miscanthus Tussock Grassland	57) 芒草丛 Miscanthus sinensis Tussock Grassland
	XIII. 杂类草草丛 Forb Grassland	15. 亚热带杂类草草丛 Subtropical Forb Grassland	(50) 杂类草草丛 Forb Grassland	58) 撂荒杂类草草丛 Abandoned Forb Grassland
	XIV. 灌草丛 Shrubby Grassland	16. 亚热带灌草丛 Subtropical Shrubby Grassland	(51) 禾草灌草丛 Grass Shrubby Grassland	59) 粉花绣线菊-芒灌草丛 Spiraea japonica - Miscanthus sinensis Shrubby Grassland
				60) 盐麸木-芒灌草丛 Rhus chinensis - Miscanthus sinensis Shrubby Grassland
				61) 红果山胡椒-芒灌草丛 Lindera erythrocarpa - Miscanthus sinensis Shrubby Grassland
				62) 山胡椒-芒灌草丛 Lindera glauca - Miscanthus sinensis Shrubby Grassland
				63) 黄荆-白茅+芒灌草丛 Vitex negundo - Imperata cylindrica + Miscanthus sinensis Shrubby Grassland
				64) 黄檀-芒灌草丛 Dalbergia hupeana - Miscanthus sinensis Shrubby Grassland
				65) 榔榆-芒灌草丛 Ulmus parvifolia - Miscanthus sinensis Shrubby Grassland
				66) 葛-芒灌草丛 Pueraria montana var. lobata - Miscanthus sinensis Shrubby Grassland
				67) 竹丛-芒灌草丛 Bamboo - Miscanthus sinensis Shrubby Grassland
四沼泽与水生植被 Swamp and Aquatic Vegetation	XV. 水生植被 Aquatic Vegetation	17. 亚热带水生植被 Subtropical Aquatic Vegetation	(52) 水生植被 Aquatic Vegetation	68) 水体水生植被 Aquatic Vegetation in Water Bodies
五农业植被 Agricultural Vegetation	XVI. 粮食作物 Food Crop	18. 亚热带粮食作物 Subtropical Food Crop	(53) 一年两熟水旱粮食作物 Two Crops Annually Containing Upland and Irrigation Food Crops	69) 水稻、番薯、蔬菜粮食作物 Oryza sativa, Ipomoea batatas, Vegetable Food Crops
	XVII. 饮料作物 Beverage Crop	19. 亚热带饮料作物 Subtropical Beverage Crop	(54) 常绿饮料作物 Evergreen Beverage Crop	70) 茶园 Camellia sinensis Garden
	XVIII. 果园 Orchard	20. 亚热带果园 Subtropical Orchard	(55) 常绿和落叶果园 Evergreen and Deciduous Orchard	71) 柑橘、佛手、枇杷、杨梅、梨、桃果园 Citrus reticulata, Citrus medica cv. Fingered, Eriobotrya japonica, Myrica rubra, Pyrus spp., Amygdalus persica Orchard
	XIX. 花卉园 Flower Garden	21. 亚热带花卉园 Subtropical Flower Garden	(56) 常绿和落叶花卉苗木园 Evergreen and Deciduous Flower and Nursery Garden	72) 桂花、茶花、罗汉松、樱花、槭花卉苗木园 Osmanthus fragrans, Camellia japonica, Podocarpus macrophyllus, Prunus spp., Acer spp. Flower and Nursery Garden
六城市植被 Urban Vegetation	XX. 城市森林 Urban Forest	22. 亚热带城市森林 Subtropical Urban Forest	(57) 城市森林 Urban Forest	73) 城市森林 Urban Forest
六城市植被 Urban Vegetation	XXI. 城市行道树和城市公园植被 Urban Street Tree and Urban Park Vegetation	23. 亚热带城市行道树和城市公园植被 Subtropical Urban Street Tree and Urban Park Vegetation	(58) 城市绿地 Urban Green Space	74) 城市绿地 Urban Green Space
七无植被地段 Non-Vegetated Area	XXII. 无植被地段 Non-Vegetated Area	24. 道路和建筑 Road and Building	(59) 道路和建筑 Road and Building	75) 道路和建筑 Road and Building
七无植被地段 Non-Vegetated Area	XXII. 无植被地段 Non-Vegetated Area	25. 临时性裸地 Temporary Bare Ground	(60) 临时性裸地 Temporary Bare Ground	76) 临时性裸地 Temporary Bare Ground

植被型组 Vegetation Formation Group	植被型 Vegetation Formation	植被亚型 Vegetation Subformation	群系组 Alliance Group	群系 Alliance
一森林 Forest	I. 落叶针叶林 Deciduous Needleleaf Forest	1. 暖性落叶针叶林 Subtropical Deciduous Needleleaf Forest	(1) 暖性金钱松林 Subtropical Pseudolarix Forest	1) 金钱松林 Pseudolarix amabilis Forest
	I. 落叶针叶林 Deciduous Needleleaf Forest	1. 暖性落叶针叶林 Subtropical Deciduous Needleleaf Forest	(2) 暖性水杉林 Subtropical Metasequoia Forest	2) 水杉林 Metasequoia glyptostroboides Forest
	II. 常绿针叶林 Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	2. 温性常绿针叶林 Temperate Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	(3) 温性松林 Temperate Pinus Forest	3) 黄山松林 Pinus taiwanensis Forest
			(4) 温性柳杉林 Temperate Cryptomeria Forest	4) 柳杉林 Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis Forest
			(5) 温性扁柏林 Temperate Chamaecyparis Forest	5) 日本扁柏林 Chamaecyparis obtusa Forest
			(5) 温性扁柏林 Temperate Chamaecyparis Forest	6) 绒柏林 Chamaecyparis pisifera ‘Squarrosa’ Forest
		3. 暖性常绿针叶林 Subtropical Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	(6) 暖性松林 Subtropical Pinus Forest	7) 马尾松林 Pinus massoniana Forest
			(7) 暖性杉木林 Subtropical Cunninghamia Forest	8) 杉木林 Cunninghamia lanceolata Forest
			(8) 暖性刺柏林 Subtropical Juniperus Forest	9) 刺柏林 Juniperus formosana Forest
			(9) 暖性柏木林 Subtropical Cupressus Forest	10) 柏木林 Cupressus funebris Forest
	III. 常绿与落叶针叶混交林 Mixed Evergreen and Deciduous Needleleaf Forest	4. 温性常绿与落叶针叶混交林 Subtropical Mixed Evergreen and Deciduous Needleleaf Forest	(10) 温性柳杉-落叶针叶混交林 Temperate Cryptomeria - Deciduous Needleleaf Mixed Forest	11) 柳杉+金钱松林 Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis + Pseudolarix amabilis Forest
				12) 柳杉+水杉林 Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis + Metasequoia glyptostroboides Forest
	IV. 针叶与阔叶混交林 Mixed Needleleaf and Broadleaf Forest	5. 温性针叶与阔叶混交林 Temperate Mixed Needleleaf and Broadleaf Forest	(11) 温性松-阔叶混交林 Temperate Pinus - Broadleaf Mixed Forest	13) 黄山松+枫香树+栓皮栎林 Pinus taiwanensis + Liquidambar formosana + Quercus variabilis Forest
			(11) 温性松-阔叶混交林 Temperate Pinus - Broadleaf Mixed Forest	14) 黄山松+木荷混交林 Pinus taiwanensis + Schima superba Forest
			(12) 温性柳杉-阔叶混交林 Temperate Cryptomeria - Broadleaf Mixed Forest	15) 柳杉+厚朴林 Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis + Houpoea officinalis Forest
		6. 暖性针叶与阔叶混交林 Subtropical Mixed Needleleaf and Broadleaf Forest	(13) 暖性金钱松-阔叶混交林 Subtropical Pseudolarix - Broadleaf Mixed Forest	16) 金钱松+枫香树林 Pseudolarix amabilis + Liquidambar formosana Forest
			(14) 暖性水杉-阔叶混交林 Subtropical Metasequoia - Broadleaf Mixed Forest	17) 水杉+枫杨林 Metasequoia glyptostroboides + Pterocarya stenoptera Forest
				18) 水杉+樟林 Metasequoia glyptostroboides + Camphora officinarum Forest
			(15) 暖性松-阔叶混交林 Subtropical Pinus - Broadleaf Mixed Forest	19) 马尾松+落叶阔叶混交林 Pinus massoniana + Deciduous Broadleaf Mixed Forest
			(15) 暖性松-阔叶混交林 Subtropical Pinus - Broadleaf Mixed Forest	20) 马尾松+常绿阔叶混交林 Pinus massoniana + Evergreen Broadleaf Mixed Forest
			(16) 暖性杉木-阔叶混交林 Subtropical Cunninghamia - Broadleaf Mixed Forest	21) 杉木+落叶阔叶混交林 Cunninghamia lanceolata + Deciduous Broadleaf Mixed Forest
				22) 杉木+常绿阔叶混交林 Cunninghamia lanceolata + Evergreen Broadleaf Mixed Forest
	V. 落叶阔叶林 Deciduous Broadleaf Forest	7. 暖性落叶阔叶林 Subtropical Deciduous Broadleaf Forest	(17) 枫香林 Liquidambar Forest	23) 枫香树林 Liquidambar formosana Forest
			(18) 栎林 Quercus Forest	24) 栎林 Quercus spp. Forest
			(19) 栗林 Castanea Forest	25) 栗林 Castanea spp. Forest
			(20) 化香林 Platycarya Forest	26) 化香树林 Platycarya strobilacea Forest
			(21) 黄檀林 Dalbergia Forest	27) 黄檀林 Dalbergia hupeana Forest
			(22) 杂木林 Mixed Woods Forest	28) 杂木人工林 Mixed Woods Artificial Forest
一森林 Forest	VI. 常绿与落叶阔叶混交林 Mixed Evergreen and Deciduous Broadleaf Forest	8. 亚热带常绿与落叶阔叶混交林 Subtropical Mixed Evergreen and Deciduous Broadleaf Forest	(23) 木荷-落叶阔叶混交林 Schima - Deciduous Broadleaf Mixed Forest	29) 木荷+落叶阔叶混交林 Schima superba + Deciduous Broadleaf Mixed Forest
	VII. 常绿阔叶林 Evergreen Broadleaf Forest	9. 典型亚热带常绿阔叶林 Typical Subtropical Evergreen Broadleaf Forest	(24) 木荷林 Schima Forest	30) 木荷林 Schima superba Forest
			(25) 锥林 Castanopsis Forest	31) 苦槠林 Castanopsis sclerophylla Forest
			(26) 樟林 Camphora Forest	32) 樟林 Camphora officinarum Forest
	VIII. 竹林 Bamboo Forest	10. 暖性竹林 Subtropical Bamboo Forest	(27) 竹林 Bamboo Forest	33) 毛竹林 Phyllostachys edulis Forest
二灌丛 Shrubland	IX. 落叶阔叶灌丛 Deciduous Broadleaf Shrubland	11. 暖性落叶阔叶灌丛 Subtropical Deciduous Broadleaf Shrubland	(28) 盐肤木灌丛 Rhus Shrubland	34) 盐麸木灌丛 Rhus chinensis Shrubland
			(29) 绣线菊灌丛 Spiraea Shrubland	35) 粉花绣线菊灌丛 Spiraea japonica Shrubland
			(30) 化香树灌丛 Platycarya Shrubland	36) 化香树灌丛 Platycarya strobilacea Shrubland
			(31) 黄檀灌丛 Dalbergia Shrubland	37) 黄檀灌丛 Dalbergia hupeana Shrubland
			(32) 胡枝子灌丛 Lespedeza Shrubland	38) 胡枝子灌丛 Lespedeza bicolor Shrubland
			(33) 绣球灌丛 Hydrangea Shrubland	39) 圆锥绣球灌丛 Hydrangea paniculata Shrubland
			(34) 八角枫灌丛 Alangium Shrubland	40) 八角枫灌丛 Alangium chinense Shrubland
			(35) 胡颓子灌丛 Elaeagnus Shrubland	41) 木半夏灌丛 Elaeagnus multiflora Shrubland
			(36) 山胡椒灌丛 Lindera Shrubland	42) 红果山胡椒灌丛 Lindera erythrocarpa Shrubland
			(36) 山胡椒灌丛 Lindera Shrubland	43) 山胡椒灌丛 Lindera glauca Shrubland
			(37) 木姜子灌丛 Litsea Shrubland	44) 山鸡椒灌丛 Litsea cubeba Shrubland
			(38) 檵木灌丛 Loropetalum Shrubland	45) 檵木灌丛 Loropetalum chinense Shrubland
			(39) 牡荆灌丛 Vitex Shrubland	46) 黄荆灌丛 Vitex negundo Shrubland
			(40) 葛灌丛 Pueraria Shrubland	47) 葛灌丛 Pueraria montana var. lobata Shrubland
	X. 常绿阔叶灌丛 Evergreen Broadleaf Shrubland	12. 暖性常绿阔叶灌丛 Subtropical Evergreen Broadleaf Shrubland	(41) 青冈灌丛 Quercus Shrubland	48) 青冈灌丛 Quercus glauca Shrubland
			(41) 青冈灌丛 Quercus Shrubland	49) 褐叶青冈灌丛 Quercus stewardiana Shrubland
			(42) 柯灌丛 Lithocarpus Shrubland	50) 短尾柯灌丛 Lithocarpus brevicaudatus Shrubland
			(43) 山茶灌丛 Camellia Shrubland	51) 毛柄连蕊茶灌丛 Camellia fraterna Shrubland
			(44) 柃灌丛 Eurya Shrubland	52) 柃灌丛 Eurya spp. Shrubland
			(45) 蒲桃灌丛 Syzygium Shrubland	53) 赤楠灌丛 Syzygium buxifolium Shrubland
			(46) 杜鹃花灌丛 Rhododendron Shrubland	54) 马银花灌丛 Rhododendron ovatum Shrubland
			(47) 油麻藤灌丛 Mucuna Shrubland	55) 油麻藤灌丛 Mucuna sempervirens Shrubland
	XI. 竹丛 Bamboo Shrubland	13. 暖性竹丛 Subtropical Bamboo Shrubland	(48) 竹丛 Bamboo Shrubland	56) 竹丛 Bamboo Shrubland
三草本植被 Herbaceous Vegetation	XII. 丛生禾草草丛 Tussock Grassland	14. 亚热带丛生禾草草丛 Subtropical Tussock Grassland	(49) 芒草丛 Miscanthus Tussock Grassland	57) 芒草丛 Miscanthus sinensis Tussock Grassland
	XIII. 杂类草草丛 Forb Grassland	15. 亚热带杂类草草丛 Subtropical Forb Grassland	(50) 杂类草草丛 Forb Grassland	58) 撂荒杂类草草丛 Abandoned Forb Grassland
	XIV. 灌草丛 Shrubby Grassland	16. 亚热带灌草丛 Subtropical Shrubby Grassland	(51) 禾草灌草丛 Grass Shrubby Grassland	59) 粉花绣线菊-芒灌草丛 Spiraea japonica - Miscanthus sinensis Shrubby Grassland
				60) 盐麸木-芒灌草丛 Rhus chinensis - Miscanthus sinensis Shrubby Grassland
				61) 红果山胡椒-芒灌草丛 Lindera erythrocarpa - Miscanthus sinensis Shrubby Grassland
				62) 山胡椒-芒灌草丛 Lindera glauca - Miscanthus sinensis Shrubby Grassland
				63) 黄荆-白茅+芒灌草丛 Vitex negundo - Imperata cylindrica + Miscanthus sinensis Shrubby Grassland
				64) 黄檀-芒灌草丛 Dalbergia hupeana - Miscanthus sinensis Shrubby Grassland
				65) 榔榆-芒灌草丛 Ulmus parvifolia - Miscanthus sinensis Shrubby Grassland
				66) 葛-芒灌草丛 Pueraria montana var. lobata - Miscanthus sinensis Shrubby Grassland
				67) 竹丛-芒灌草丛 Bamboo - Miscanthus sinensis Shrubby Grassland
四沼泽与水生植被 Swamp and Aquatic Vegetation	XV. 水生植被 Aquatic Vegetation	17. 亚热带水生植被 Subtropical Aquatic Vegetation	(52) 水生植被 Aquatic Vegetation	68) 水体水生植被 Aquatic Vegetation in Water Bodies
五农业植被 Agricultural Vegetation	XVI. 粮食作物 Food Crop	18. 亚热带粮食作物 Subtropical Food Crop	(53) 一年两熟水旱粮食作物 Two Crops Annually Containing Upland and Irrigation Food Crops	69) 水稻、番薯、蔬菜粮食作物 Oryza sativa, Ipomoea batatas, Vegetable Food Crops
	XVII. 饮料作物 Beverage Crop	19. 亚热带饮料作物 Subtropical Beverage Crop	(54) 常绿饮料作物 Evergreen Beverage Crop	70) 茶园 Camellia sinensis Garden
	XVIII. 果园 Orchard	20. 亚热带果园 Subtropical Orchard	(55) 常绿和落叶果园 Evergreen and Deciduous Orchard	71) 柑橘、佛手、枇杷、杨梅、梨、桃果园 Citrus reticulata, Citrus medica cv. Fingered, Eriobotrya japonica, Myrica rubra, Pyrus spp., Amygdalus persica Orchard
	XIX. 花卉园 Flower Garden	21. 亚热带花卉园 Subtropical Flower Garden	(56) 常绿和落叶花卉苗木园 Evergreen and Deciduous Flower and Nursery Garden	72) 桂花、茶花、罗汉松、樱花、槭花卉苗木园 Osmanthus fragrans, Camellia japonica, Podocarpus macrophyllus, Prunus spp., Acer spp. Flower and Nursery Garden
六城市植被 Urban Vegetation	XX. 城市森林 Urban Forest	22. 亚热带城市森林 Subtropical Urban Forest	(57) 城市森林 Urban Forest	73) 城市森林 Urban Forest
六城市植被 Urban Vegetation	XXI. 城市行道树和城市公园植被 Urban Street Tree and Urban Park Vegetation	23. 亚热带城市行道树和城市公园植被 Subtropical Urban Street Tree and Urban Park Vegetation	(58) 城市绿地 Urban Green Space	74) 城市绿地 Urban Green Space
七无植被地段 Non-Vegetated Area	XXII. 无植被地段 Non-Vegetated Area	24. 道路和建筑 Road and Building	(59) 道路和建筑 Road and Building	75) 道路和建筑 Road and Building
七无植被地段 Non-Vegetated Area	XXII. 无植被地段 Non-Vegetated Area	25. 临时性裸地 Temporary Bare Ground	(60) 临时性裸地 Temporary Bare Ground	76) 临时性裸地 Temporary Bare Ground