黄河三角洲滩地不同造林模式的土壤酶活性

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2006.0102

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

该文对东营市垦利县柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)林、枣(Ziziphus jujuba)园、旱柳(Salix matsudana)林、刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)林、白蜡(Fraxinus chinensis)林、桑(Morus alba)园土壤酶活性及其与土壤化学性质和土壤微生物的关系进行了分析。结果表明:在土壤空间上,脲酶和过氧化物酶活性随土层的增加而减小,多酚氧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性在土层之间变化不明显。过氧化氢酶与脲酶和多酚氧化酶显著相关,脲酶与多酚氧化酶呈负相关。不同造林模式对土壤过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶影响不大,对脲酶和多酚氧化活性有显著的影响。各种造林模式增加了脲酶的活性,均高于柽柳林;减小了多酚氧化酶的活性,除刺槐林外,均显著低于柽柳林;而造林模式对过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶的影响较小。土壤酶活性与土壤养分有一定的相关,其中脲酶与全氮、有机质显著正相关,与速效氮正相关;多酚氧化酶与速效钾正相关,而过氧化氢酶与全氮、速效磷和有机质呈负相关,与土壤pH值相关性不显著;与微生物的相关系数不大,其中脲酶与固氮菌、纤维素分解菌显著正相关,与细菌正相关;多酚氧化酶与固氮菌和细菌负相关;过氧化氢酶与固氮菌显著负相关,与纤维素分解菌负相关。脲酶和多酚氧化酶可以作为滩地土壤质量评价的指标。

关键词: 滩地, 黄河三角洲, 人工林, 土壤酶活性, 土壤微生物

Abstract:

Background and Aims More attention is being paid to utilization of the ecological resources in the lowlands of the Yellow River Delta. However, most proposed measures emphasize breeding, irrigation and cultivation. Soil enzymes play an important role in soil biochemical processes, such as litter decomposition, nutrient fixation and nutrient release. Insufficient attention has been paid to the relationships among soil enzymes, soil microbes and soil physical-chemical quality, yet such study can indicate the dynamic process of soil nutrients and soil health. Our objectives were to determine: 1) the distribution of soil enzymes of different plantations at different soil depths, 2) the correlations among microbes, soil nutrients and soil physical and chemical characteristics and 3) soil enzymes that are key factors in maintaining soil fertility.

Methods We analyzed soil enzymes, soil chemical characteristics and soil microbes for six kinds of plantations (Tamarix chinensis, Salix matsudana, Robinia pseudoacacia, Fraxinus chinensis, Ziziphus jujube and Morus alba) in Kenli County, Dongying, Shandong Province. Soil samples were collected at 0-20 cm and 20-50 cm depths. Established methods were used to analyze soil enzymes and soil physical and chemical characteristics. Analysis was done using an integrative method combining correlation and component analyses in SPSS.

Key Results Soil urease and soil peroxidase decrease with increasing soil depth. There are positive relationships between soil peroxidase and soil urease, and soil peroxidase and soil polyphenol oxidase, while there is negative correlation between soil urease and soil polyphenol oxidase. The kind of plantation clearly affects soil urease and soil polyphenol oxidase, but not soil catalase and soil peroxidase. Soil urease activity of different plantations is higher than that of the Tamarix chinensis forest; the soil polyphenol oxidase activity is lower than that of the Tamarix chinensis forest, except for the Robinia pseudoacacia forest. There are close correlations among soil enzymes and soil nutrients, and few correlations with pH values and soil microbes. Among them, soil urease shows positive relationships with total N, organic C and available C. Soil polyphenol oxidase shows a positive relationship with available K and negative relationships with soil catalase, total N, available P, organic C, peroxidase and soil urease.

Conclusions This study suggests that plantation type affects soil enzyme activities. The activities of soil urease and soil polyphenol oxidase can be regarded as indexes to assess soil quality in the lowlands.

Key words: Lowland, Yellow River delta, Plantation, Soil enzyme, Soil microbe

李传荣, 许景伟, 宋海燕, 李春艳, 郑莉, 王卫东, 王月海. 黄河三角洲滩地不同造林模式的土壤酶活性. 植物生态学报, 2006, 30(5): 802-809. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0102

LI Chuan-Rong, XU Jing-Wei, SONG Hai-Yan, LI Chun-Yan, ZHENG Li, WANG Wei-Dong, WANG Yue-Hai. SOIL ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN DIFFERENT PLANTATIONS IN LOWLANDS OF THE YELLOW RIVER DELTA, CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(5): 802-809. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0102

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2006.0102

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2006/V30/I5/802

图/表 8

表1 林分概况

Table 1 General situation of the forest stands

林型 Type	株行距(m×m) Row spacing	树高 Height (m)	胸径 DBH (cm)	林龄 Age (a)	备注 Notes
旱柳林 Salix matsudana forest	3.0×2.5	10.8	12.9	7	林下草盖度45% Underground covered by 45% grass
柽柳林 Tamarix chinensis forest	1.0×1.0	1.8		50	海边,疏于管理 Seaside, loose management
枣园 Ziziphus jujuba forest	2.0×2.6	3.2	8.6(Base)	7	未套种,定期翻土 Not interplanting of another plant, spading periodically
刺槐林 Robinia pseudoacacia forest	2.0×2.0	16.5	13.1	20	经过两次间伐,草本植物稀少,地面有腐殖质层,保留680株·hm^-2 Intermediate cutting twice, rare herbage, mould cover, 680 plant·hm^-2
白蜡林 Fraxinus chinensis forest	2.0×3.0	5.7	7.2	7	林下草本植物发育 Herbage developed in the underground
桑园 Morus alba forest	1.0×1.0	1.8		15	漫灌,树上多螳螂卵块 Flood irrigation, a lot of egg mass of mantis on the tree

表2 各种类型的酶活性及其变异系数

Table 2 The soil enzyme activities and their coefficient of variation (CV) of different plantations in the lowlands of the Yellow River delta

	脲酶 Urease		多酚氧化酶 Polyphenol oxidase		过氧化酶 Peroxidase		过氧化氢酶 Hydrogen peroxidase
	活性Activity (N $H 3 - 1$ -N μg· g^-1·d^-1)	变异系数 CV (%)	活性Activity (0.1 mol KMnO₄· ml·g^-1)	变异系数 CV (%)	活性Activity (2 h Galnut mg· g^-1)	变异系数 CV (%)	活性Activity (0.1 mol KMnO₄· ml·g^-1·d^-1)	变异系数 CV (%)
旱柳林 Salix matsudana forest	0.018	20.00	0.542	1	0.602	8.00	1.000	0
柽柳林 Tamarix chinensis forest	0.155	34.00	0.120	6	0.553	18.00	0.925	3.00
枣园 Ziziphus jujuba forest	0.256	37.00	0.476	14	0.484	25.00	0.900	6.00
刺槐林 Robinia pseudoacacia forest	0.126	63.00	0.771	32	0.543	8.00	0.993	1.00
白蜡林 Fraxinus chinensis forest	0.295	17.00	0.068	30	0.569	2.00	0.938	1.00
桑园 Morus alba forest	0.147	57.00	0.442	25	0.466	12.00	0.975	3.00
空地 Barren	0.012	0.42	0.789	25	0.577	1.27	1.025	3.50
均值 Average	0.166	0.38	0.403	0.18	0.536	0.12	0.955	0.02

表2 各种类型的酶活性及其变异系数

Table 2 The soil enzyme activities and their coefficient of variation (CV) of different plantations in the lowlands of the Yellow River delta

	脲酶 Urease		多酚氧化酶 Polyphenol oxidase		过氧化酶 Peroxidase		过氧化氢酶 Hydrogen peroxidase
	活性Activity (N $H 3 - 1$ -N μg· g^-1·d^-1)	变异系数 CV (%)	活性Activity (0.1 mol KMnO₄· ml·g^-1)	变异系数 CV (%)	活性Activity (2 h Galnut mg· g^-1)	变异系数 CV (%)	活性Activity (0.1 mol KMnO₄· ml·g^-1·d^-1)	变异系数 CV (%)
旱柳林 Salix matsudana forest	0.018	20.00	0.542	1	0.602	8.00	1.000	0
柽柳林 Tamarix chinensis forest	0.155	34.00	0.120	6	0.553	18.00	0.925	3.00
枣园 Ziziphus jujuba forest	0.256	37.00	0.476	14	0.484	25.00	0.900	6.00
刺槐林 Robinia pseudoacacia forest	0.126	63.00	0.771	32	0.543	8.00	0.993	1.00
白蜡林 Fraxinus chinensis forest	0.295	17.00	0.068	30	0.569	2.00	0.938	1.00
桑园 Morus alba forest	0.147	57.00	0.442	25	0.466	12.00	0.975	3.00
空地 Barren	0.012	0.42	0.789	25	0.577	1.27	1.025	3.50
均值 Average	0.166	0.38	0.403	0.18	0.536	0.12	0.955	0.02

表3 4种酶之间的相关性

Table 3 The relationships among the four kinds of soil enzymes

	脲酶 Urease	多酚氧化酶 Polyphenol oxidase	过氧化物酶 Peroxidase	过氧化氢酶 Hydrogen peroxidase
脲酶Urease	1.000	-0.560^*	0.174	-0.784^**
多酚氧化酶Polyphenol oxidase		1.000	-0.117	0.673^**
过氧化物酶Peroxidase			1.000	0.027
过氧化氢酶Hydrogen peroxidase				1.000

表4 土壤的养分含量及pH值

Table 4 The contents of soil nutrient and their pH values

类型 Type	层次 Layer (cm)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	全磷 Total P (mg·kg^-1)	速效氮 Available N (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	有机质 Organic C (%)	pH
旱柳林 Salix matsudana forest	0~20	0.029	0.388	31.249	6.998	128.791	0.506	8.03
	20~50	0.010	0.456	15.625	5.020	68.065	0.147	7.88
柽柳林 Tamarix chinensis forest	0~20	0.034	0.309	42.067	4.533	68.065	0.350	8.32
	20~50	0.010	0.420	23.437	6.141	118.670	0.197	7.86
枣园 Ziziphus jujuba forest	0~20	0.070	0.494	51.081	11.821	199.638	1.380	7.89
	20~50	0.033	0.402	25.240	5.926	159.154	0.517	7.94
刺槐林 Robinia pseudoacacia forest	0~20	0.065	0.458	52.884	5.283	230.001	0.764	8.12
	20~50	0.017	0.341	27.644	3.675	149.033	0.180	8.64
白蜡林 Fraxinus chinensis forest	0~20	0.069	0.462	57.691	7.711	149.033	0.877	8.35
	20~50	0.020	0.410	27.000	5.200	132.350	0.400	8.10
桑园 Morus alba forest	0~20	0.053	0.418	72.114	5.604	118.670	0.728	8.22
	20~50	0.020	0.400	35.000	5.200	103.360	0.400	8.10

表5 酶与土壤养分及pH值的相关性分析

Table 5 The relationships among the soil enzyme activities, soil nutrients and pH values

	pH	全氮 Total N	全磷 Total P	速效氮 Available N	速效磷 Available P	速效钾 Available K	有机质 Organic C
脲酶 Urease	0.178	0.788^**	0.416	0.652^*	0.456	0.447	0.760^**
多酚氧化酶 Polyphenol oxidase	-0.085	-0.097	-0.162	-0.186	-0.304	0.476^*	-0.054
过氧化物酶 Peroxidase	0.129	0.277	0.143	0.182	0.165	-0.330	0.140
过氧化氢酶 Hydrogen peroxidase	0.229	-0.473^*	-0.373	-0.316	-0.587^*	-0. 265	-0.471^*

表6 各造林模式的土壤微生物数量

Table 6 The amounts of soil microbes of different plantations

类型 Type	层次 Layer (cm)	固氮菌 Nitrogen fixer (10⁴ cfu·g^-1 DW)	纤维素分解菌 Cellulose decomposer (10³ cfu·g^-1 DW)	真菌 Fungi (10⁶ cfu·g^-1 DW)	放线菌 Actinomyce (10⁶ cfu·g^-1 DW)	细菌 Bacteria (10⁸ cfu·g^-1 DW)
旱柳林 Salix matsudana forest	0~20	0.4	10	2	1344	10.3
	20~50	0.2	5	12	40	0.4
柽柳林 Tamarix chinensis forest	0~20	44.0	150	18	74	9.5
	20~50	43.0	5	6	136	23.9
枣园 Ziziphus jujuba forest	0~20	170.0	50	5	1 391	6.4
	20~50	18.0	60	2	345	4.4
刺槐林 Robinia pseudoacacia forest	0~20	21.0	40	15	227	25.1
	20~50	17.0	5	5	92	2.2
白蜡林 Fraxinus chinensis forest	0~20	230.0	1 700	5	263	33.5
	20~50	9.0	1	5	533	32.0
桑园 Morus alba forest	0~20	20.0	60	72	413	30.5
	20~50	15.0	20	27	25	12.5

表7 土壤酶活性与微生物的相关性分析

Table 7 The relationships between soil enzyme activities and microbes

	固氮菌 Nitrogen fixer	纤维素分解菌 Cellulose-decomposer	真菌 Fungi	放线菌 Actinomyce	细菌 Bacteria
脲酶 Urease	0.814^**	0.653^**	-0.180	0.432	0.521^*
多酚氧化酶 Polyphenol oxidase	-0.525^*	-0.345	0.087	-0.094	-0.517^*
过氧化物酶 Peroxidase	0.135	0.163	-0.094	0.357	0.107
过氧化氢酶 Hydrogen peroxidase	-0.841^**	-0.516^*	0.231	-0.320	-0.375

表8 不同造林模式的土壤信息系统主成分分析

Table 8 The principal component analysis of soil information system in different plantations

	第一主成分 1st Component	第二主成分 2nd Component	第三主成分 3rd Component	第四主成分 4th Component	第五主成分 5th Component
特征根 Eigenvalues	6.379	2.865	2.108	1.425	1.184
方差贡献率 Rate of variance	39.870	17.905	13.176	8.908	7.339
累积贡献率 Cumulative rate	39.870	57.775	70.951	79.860	87.258

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