川西亚高山林线交错带糙皮桦和岷江冷杉幼苗物候与生长对模拟增温的响应

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用开顶式生长室(Open-top chamber, OTC)模拟增温对植被影响的研究方法, 研究了川西亚高山林线交错带糙皮桦(Betula utilis)和岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)幼苗物候及生长特性对模拟增温的响应。结果表明, 温度升高使岷江冷杉幼苗芽开放时间显著提前(15.2 d); 糙皮桦春季芽物候期变化不显著, 而落叶时间明显推迟(19.7 d), 叶寿命延长(22.8 d)。与对照(CK)相比, OTC内糙皮桦叶面积和岷江冷杉叶片长度及两者侧枝生长速率都显著加快。模拟增温对两物种基径相对生长速率都表现为正效应, 增温对两物种枝叶特性及分布格局表现为不同程度的正效应、负效应或无影响。不同功能型两物种对模拟增温响应方式存在一定程度差异。

关键词: 林线交错带, 糙皮桦, 岷江冷杉, 物候, 生长, 开顶式生长室

Abstract:

Aims Betula utilis andAbies faxoniana are two typical, important plants in timberline ecotone in subalpine regions of western Sichuan, China. Their responses in phenology, growth and leaf and branch traits to simulated global warming can be studied using the open-top chamber (OTC) method. The main purposes of our experiment are to determine how two species change their phenology, whether shoot growth is enhanced and whether responsive patterns of deciduous and evergreen species are consistent. We reported the second year’s responses of plants to the OTC treatment.

Methods During the 2007 growing season, we observed phenological events (bud break, leaf expansion and defoliation) and measured branch and leaf growth rates, traits and distribution patterns. Microclimate data between OTCs and control plots (CK) were automatically recorded at 15-minute intervals. We analyzed phenological events, leaf area, branch length, etc. for OTCs and CKs by the Mann-Whitney U-test. Specific leaf area (SLA) was analyzed by the Wilcoxon’s signed ranks test.

Important findings Air temperature at vegetation height (1.2 m) increased by 2.9 ^oC during the growing season, and soil temperature at 5 cm depth did not differ between OTC and CK throughout the growing season. Abies faxonianashowed earlier bud break in the OTC, and B. utilishad extended foliage period and individual leaf longevity in the OTC. Elevated temperature resulted in higher leaf and branch growth rates and basal diameter relative growth rates for both species. There were significant differences in SLA and leaf size for B. utilisbetween the OTC and the CK. Different responses (positive, negative or no effects) were found in branch length, branch number and leaf distribution pattern for both species. Therefore, evergreen conifer and deciduous broad-leaved species differ in their responses to warming.

Key words: ecotone in timberline, Betula utilis, Abies faxoniana, phenology, growth, open-top chamber

徐振锋, 胡庭兴, 张远彬, 鲜骏仁, 王开运. 川西亚高山林线交错带糙皮桦和岷江冷杉幼苗物候与生长对模拟增温的响应. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(5): 1061-1071. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.011

XU Zhen-Feng, HU Ting-Xing, ZHANG Yuan-Bin, XIAN Jun-Ren, WANG Kai-Yun. RESPONSES OF PHENOLOGY AND GROWTH OF BETULA UTILIS AND ABIES FAXONIANA IN SUBALPINE TIMBERLINE ECOTONE TO SIMULATED GLOBAL WARMING, WESTERN SICHUAN, CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(5): 1061-1071. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.011

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.011

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2008/V32/I5/1061

图/表 8

图1 目标物候在开顶式生长室(OTC)和对照(CK)小样方的种植方式

Fig. 1 Transplant pattern of target species in open-top chamber (OTC) and the control (CK)

图2 OTC及CK内5月1日~8月31日日平均气温变化(图中数据为两年平均值) OTC、CK: 同图1 See Fig. 1

Fig. 2 Air temperature transition of daily mean between the OTC and CK from May 1th to August 31th

表1 OTC和CK小样方内岷江冷杉与糙皮桦物候观测数据

Table 1 Data on leaf phenology of Abies faxoniana and Betula utilis in OTC and CK

物种 Species		展叶开始时间 Beginning time of leaf emergence	展叶结束时间 Ending time of leaf emergence	展叶持续时间 Duration of leaf emergence (d)	芽休眠或落叶开始时间 Bud dormancy or beginning of leaf abscission	落叶结束时间 Ending time of leaf abscission	落叶持续时间 Duration of leaf abscission (d)
	OTC	142.6	176.1	33.5	234.6	-	-
冷杉	CK	157.8	193.2	35.4	226.9	-	-
	p-level	**	**	*	**	-	-
	OTC	138.6	167.2	28.6	266.8	313.9	47.1
糙皮桦	CK	139.8	169.5	29.7	247.1	290.6	43.5
	p-level	NS	*	*	**	**	**

图3 糙皮桦叶寿命和岷江冷杉叶存活率 **: p<0.01 OTC、CK: 同图1 See Fig. 1

Fig. 3 Leaf life-span of Betula utidis and leaf survival rate of Abies faxoniana

图4 单叶面积(糙皮桦)、针叶长度(岷江冷杉)生长过程及其生长速率 OTC、CK: 同图1 See Fig. 1

Fig. 4 Growth process of single leaf area (Betula utilis) and needle length (Abies faxoniana) and their growth rates

图5 糙皮桦和岷江冷杉侧枝生长过程及生长率 OTC、CK: 同图1 See Fig. 1

Fig. 5 Branch growth process and growth rate of Betula utilis and Abies faxoniana

表2 模拟增温对糟皮桦和岷江冷杉芽长、叶大小形状、叶分布特征及基径相对生长率的影响

Table 2 Effects of simulated global warming on bud length, leaf size, leaf distribution and relative growth rate (RGR) of basal diameter of Abies faxoniana and Betula utilis

物种 Species		芽长 Bud length (mm)	单叶面积或叶长 Single leaf area (cm²) or needle length (mm)	单株叶数量 Leaf number per plant (n)	基径相对生长率 RGA of basal diameter (%)	单株总叶面积 Total leaf area per plant (cm²)	叶长宽比 Ratio of leaf length and leaf width
冷杉	OTC	5.54±0.26	24.52±0.84	1126.6±286.3	11.86±1.83	-	0.31±0.056
	CK	5.24±0.35	23.15±0.72	1255.4±320.6	10.82±1.78	-	0.28±0.062
	p	**	*	NS	**	-	*
糙皮桦	OTC	4.47±0.32	11.30±3.10	295.4±39.1	16.1±1.58	2993.2±424.3	1.39±0.12
	CK	4.36±0.28	8.80±2.60	328.8±42.1	14.9±1.73	2710.7±318.2	1.53±0.11
	p	NS	**	**	*	*	**

图6 糙皮桦和岷江冷杉OTC及CK内比叶面积、单株总枝数和单株总枝长 NS: p>0.05 *: p<0.05 **: p<0.01 OTC、CK: 同图1 See Fig. 1

Fig. 6 Specific leaf area, total branch number per plant and total branch length per plant forAbies faxoniana and Betula utilis in OTC and CK

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