基于VIP模型对内蒙古草原蒸散季节和年际变化的模拟

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用内蒙古羊草草原(Leymus chinensis)生态系统通量观测站的气象数据、野外实测和MODIS叶面积指数(Leaf area index, LAI), 应用基于生态系统过程的VIP(Vegetation interface process)模型, 以半小时为步长, 模拟分析了羊草草原生态系统2003~2005年(分别为平水年、平水年和干旱年)蒸散及其分量的变化过程。通过与通量数据对比, VIP模型能够很好地模拟羊草草原生态系统的蒸散过程(R²= 0.80), 在峰值大小和变化趋势上, 模拟值与实测值有较好的一致性。模拟结果显示: 3年蒸散量分别为337、338和223 mm; 在降水相对充沛的2003和2004年, 蒸腾量为192和171 mm, 而降水相对较少的2005年, 蒸腾量仅为96 mm; 年平均蒸腾和蒸发对蒸散的贡献基本持平; 生长季蒸散占全年的83%, 6月开始, 蒸腾大于蒸发, 蒸散和蒸腾的月总值均在7、8月达到最大值,两月蒸散占全年的43%。LAI是影响蒸散的主要因素, 其次是降水, 而净辐射对蒸散的影响较小。在生长季, 蒸发的季节变化平缓, 蒸散的差异主要体现在蒸腾的差异。

关键词: 羊草草原, VIP模型, 蒸散, 降水, 冠层导度

Abstract:

Aims Evapotranspiration (ET) plays an important role in arid and semiarid temperate grassland where water availability is a major limiting factor for ecosystem functions. Understanding temporal variation of ET can help explain the surface-atmosphere interaction and its ecological function in grassland ecosystems. Partitioning total ET into its components of evaporation from soil (E) and transpiration from plants (T) is important for understanding the biotic and abiotic factors that control water balance. Our objectives were to simulate the seasonal and interannual variations of ET and its components, analyze the contribution of the components to ETand analyze influencing factors.

Methods We used flux data derived from eddy covariance technology over Inner Mongolia steppe (43°32′ N, 116°40′ E), measuredLAIand MODIS data from 2003 to 2005 and parameterized VIP (Vegetation interface processes) model to simulate ET of the grassland. The results were validated using half-hourly latent heat fluxes (LE) and net radiation (R_n) estimated from eddy covariance measurements.

Important findings VIP model can effectively simulate latent heat fluxes of the grassland (R²=0.80). In 2003 and 2004, precipitation (P) was near average and annual ET was 337 and 338 mm, respectively, which were greater than P. In the drier year of 2005, annual ET was 223 mm, which was higher than P. On average, E andT made relatively equivalent contributions to ET. About 83% of annual EToccurred during the growing season. Ewas the primary component of ET before June and was exceeded by Tafter that. The monthly totals of both ET and Treached maxima in July and August. Total ETduring July and August accounted for 43% of the annual amount. ETwas strongly correlated with LAI and moderately correlated with P. E changed little during the growing season, and the difference in ET was accounted for T.

Key words: Leymus chinensis steppe, VIP model, evapotranspiration, precipitation, canopy conductance

王永芬, 莫兴国, 郝彦宾, 郭瑞萍, 黄祥忠, 王艳芬. 基于VIP模型对内蒙古草原蒸散季节和年际变化的模拟. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(5): 1052-1060. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.010

WANG Yong-Fen, MO Xing-Guo, HAO Yan-Bin, GUO Rui-Ping, HUANG Xiang-Zhong, WANG Yan-Fen. SIMULATING SEASONAL AND INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS OF ECOSYS- TEM EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND ITS COMPONENTS IN INNER MONG- OLIA STEPPE WITH VIP MODEL. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(5): 1052-1060. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.010

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.010

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2008/V32/I5/1052

图/表 7

图1 2003~2005年潜热通量、净辐射模拟值与实测值

Fig.1 The simulated and measured latent heat flux (LE) and net radiation (Rn) from 2003 to 2005

图2 2003~2005年日蒸散量模拟值(线)与实测值(点)

Fig.2 The simulated (line) and measured (dot) daily evapotranspiration (ET ) from 2003 to 2005

图3 2003~2005年总的降水(P)、蒸散(ET)、植被蒸腾(T)和土壤蒸发(E) 蒸腾、蒸发、蒸散为模拟值, 降水为实测值 T, E and ET were simulated values, and P was measured value

Fig. 3 The annual total precipitation (P), evapotranspiration (ET), transpiration from plant (T) and evaporation from soil (E) from 2003 to 2005

图4 2003~2005年逐月降水-蒸散、蒸腾/蒸散 P、ET、T: 同图3 See Fig. 3

Fig. 4 The monthly P-ET and T/ETfrom 2003 to 2005

图5 2003~2005年生长季蒸腾、蒸发、叶面积指数的季节变化 T、E: 同图3 See Fig. 3 LAI: Leaf area index

Fig. 5 Seasonal variations of daily total T, E and LAIin the growing season from 2003 to 2005

表1 蒸散、蒸发、蒸腾与净辐射、叶面积指数、饱和水汽压差与降水的相关系数及多元线性回归方程(p<0.000 1)

Table 1 The correlation coefficients of ET, E, T and Rn, LAI, VPD, P and the multiple liner regression equations

变量 Variable	叶面积指数 LAI	饱和水汽压差 VPD	降水 P	净辐射 R_n	方程 Equation
蒸散 ET	0.970	0.800	0.916	0.826	ET= -0.930 + 1.091 LAI+ 0.042 VPD+0.046 P+ 0.002 R_n (r = 0.994)
蒸发E	0.775	0.900	0.753	0.883	E = 0.692 + 0.034 LAI + 0.037 VPD + 0.050 P+ 0.002 R_n (r = 0.942)
蒸腾T	0.992	0.696	0.924	0.740	T = -1.614 + 1.047 LAI + 0.005 VPD - 0.008 P+ 0.001 R_n (r = 0.993)

图6 2003~2005年冠层导度的季节变化

Fig.6 Seasonal variation of daily canopy conductance from 2003 to 2005

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