胡杨液流对地下水埋深变化的响应

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.08.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以塔里木河流域荒漠河岸林主要建群种胡杨(Populus euphratica)为研究对象, 结合中下游不同断面地下水埋深和胡杨液流变化的监测数据, 分析了胡杨茎干液流与地下水埋深变化的关系, 探讨荒漠环境下天然胡杨生长的合理生态水位。研究表明, 胡杨液流通量密度随地下水埋深即干旱胁迫程度的加大而减小, 两者呈极显著负相关, 相关系数达-0.887; 胡杨液流通量在地下水埋深位于4.5-5 m时出现异常变化, 表明此时胡杨的正常生长受到胁迫, 胡杨通过自身调节降低蒸腾耗水以适应环境; 土壤盐分不是影响塔里木河中下游各断面胡杨液流变化的主要因子; 对植物样地调查结果分析显示, 胡杨盖度、密度和频度均在地下水埋深在4-6 m梯度下开始表现为降低趋势。综合分析认为维系塔里木河中下游天然胡杨正常生长的生态水位为地下水埋深4.5 m以内。

关键词: 地下水埋深, 胡杨, 液流通量密度, 塔里木河

Abstract:

Aims Our aims were to analyze the relationship between sap flow in Populus euphratica and groundwater depth, and to determine the groundwater depth that can maintain growth in P. euphratica.

Methods Sap flow flux densities of stems of P. euphratica growing in the middle and lower reachs of the Tarim River were measured using stem heat pulse techniques in August 2008. Meteorological factors were monitored by a recording weather station. Groundwater depth data were collected from monitoring wells by the conductance method.

Important findings Sap flow flux density decreased with increased groundwater depth (correlation coefficient = -0.887). When the groundwater depth dropped to 4.5-5 m, sap flow flux density in P. euphratica was abnormal. Soil salt was not the main factor influencing sap flow in P. euphratica. Data collected from 74 vegetation plots show that cover, density and frequency decrease when the groundwater depth dropped to 4-6 m. We conclude that in order to restore P. euphratica and its ecosystem in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River, the groundwater depth must be kept at a minimum of 4.5 m.

Key words: groundwater depth, Populus euphratica, sap flow flux density, Tarim River

马建新, 陈亚宁, 李卫红, 黄湘, 朱成刚, 马晓东. 胡杨液流对地下水埋深变化的响应. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(8): 915-923. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.08.004

MA Jian-Xin, CHEN Ya-Ning, LI Wei-Hong, HUANG Xiang, ZHU Cheng-Gang, MA Xiao-Dong. Response of sap flow in Populus euphratica to changes in groundwater depth in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River of northwestern China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(8): 915-923. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.08.004

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.08.004

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2010/V34/I8/915

图/表 7

图1 塔里木河中下游监测断面示意图。 A, 沙吉力克; B, 沙子河; C, 吾斯满; D, 阿其克; E, 铁依孜; F, 阿克敦; G, 亚河甫马汗; H, 英苏; I, 阿不达勒; J, 喀尔达依; K, 吐格买莱; L, 阿拉干; M, 依干不及麻; N, 考干。

Fig. 1 The distribution of the monitoring section in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River. A, Shajilik; B, Shazihe; C, Wusiman; D, Aqik; E, Tieyzi; F, Akdun; G, Yahopmarhan; H, Yingsu; I, Abudali; J, Karday; K, Tugmailai; L, Argan; M, Yikanbujima; N, Korgan.

图2 塔里木河中下游胡杨液流通量密度(平均值±标准偏差, n = 3)与地下水埋深(平均值±标准偏差, n = 2)的关系。

Fig. 2 Relationship between sap flow flux density in Populus euphratica (mean ± SD, n = 3) and groundwater depth (mean ± SD, n = 2) in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River.

表1 胡杨液流通量密度与地下水埋深及环境因子相关分析(Pearson相关)

Table 1 Pearson correlation between sap flow flux density in Populus euphratica and groundwater depth and enviromental factor

	液流通量密度 Sap flow flux density	风速 Vw	空气相对湿度 RH	气温 T_a	地温 T_s	叶温 T_l
风速 Wind velocity (Vw)	-0.214
空气相对湿度 Relative humidity (RH)	0.212	-0.650
气温 Air temperature (T_a)	-0.139	0.687	-0.990^**
地温 Soil temperature (T_s)	-0.108	0.710	-0.915^**	0.943^**
叶温 Leaf temperature (T_l)	0.281	0.735	-0.762^*	0.829^*	0.822^*
地下水埋深 Groundwater depth	-0.887^**	0.140	-0.343	0.270	0.266	-0.113

图3 胡杨细根在垂直方向上的根长密度分布(平均值±标准偏差, n = 3)。

Fig. 3 Vertical distribution of root length density (RLD) of Populus euphratica fine root (mean ± SD, n = 3).

表2 地下水埋深、土壤盐分及液流偏相关分析

Table 2 Partial correlation between sap flow flux density and groundwater depth and soil salt

控制变量 Control variables			地下水埋深 Groundwater depth	液流 Sap flow
总盐 Total salt	液流 Sap flow	相关系数 r	-0.72
总盐 Total salt	液流 Sap flow	p	0.10
地下水埋深 Groundwater depth	总盐 Total salt	相关系数 r		0.31
地下水埋深 Groundwater depth	总盐 Total salt	p		0.56

图4 塔里木河中下游胡杨种群特征(平均值±标准偏差, n = 10)与地下水埋深的关系。

Fig. 4 Relationship between population characters of Populus euphratica (mean ± SD, n = 10) and groundwater depth in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River.

图5 地下水埋深范围与液流通量密度变化小幅度的关系(平均值±标准偏差, n = 3)。

Fig. 5 Relationship between sap flow flux density change and groundwater depth in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River (mean ± SD, n = 3).

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