内蒙古典型草原不同功能群生产力对凋落物添加的响应

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.08.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过连续5年对退化草地进行凋落物添加处理, 分析不同处理强度植物群落动态, 探讨凋落物对草地地上和不同功能群生产力的影响。结果表明: 凋落物添加对草地地上生产力有显著的促进作用, 草地地上生产力随着凋落物添加强度的增加而变化不大。处理效应主要表现在处理后第一年, 重度处理与对照有极显著差异(p < 0.05), 以后几年差异不显著(p > 0.05), 年度间差异极显著(p < 0.001)。凋落物添加对植物群落各功能群生产力无显著影响。年度间不同处理各功能群相对生物量随年际变化的主成分分析(PCA)结果说明: 草地生产力主要是由多年生丛生型禾草与多年生杂类草在生态系统中的竞争补偿作用决定的, 随着凋落物添加强度的增加, 二者的竞争作用减弱, 相关性下降, 多年生丛生型禾草占更大优势, 预示着多年生杂类草与一二年生草本、灌木、多年生根茎型禾草的竞争补偿作用增大。

关键词: 补偿, 竞争, 功能群, 凋落物, 生产力

Abstract:

Aims Much research has been done on litter in forest ecosystems, but little has been done in grassland ecosystems, although litter plays an important role in grasslands. Our objectives were to determine how litter affects aboveground biomass and productivity of different functional groups and whether litter addition has a positive or negative effect in typical grassland.

Methods We added litter to typical grassland after frost in October 2002. Then we sampled peak standing crop in August from 2003 to 2007. We determined productivity by species by clipping the vegetation in two 20 cm × 50 cm quadrates. SAS 9.0 was used to analyze the data.

Important findings Litter addition significantly increased aboveground biomass, especially in the first year after treatment; however, no significant differences (p > 0.05) in productivity among litter addition treatments were found in the following years. Biomass was significantly different among years (p < 0.001). Effects of litter addition on each functional group were not significant (p > 0.05). PCA analysis of each functional group in different years showed that productivity depended on the competition and compensation effect between perennial bunch grasses and perennial forbs. With greater amounts of litter, the competition effect and the correlation of these two functional groups decreased.

Key words: compensation, competition, functional groups, litter, productivity

王静, 赵萌莉, Walter WILLMS, 王忠武, 韩国栋. 内蒙古典型草原不同功能群生产力对凋落物添加的响应. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(8): 907-914. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.08.003

WANG Jing, ZHAO Meng-Li, Walter WILLMS, WANG Zhong-Wu, HAN Guo-Dong. Productivity responses of different functional groups to litter addition in typical grassland of Inner Mongolia. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(8): 907-914. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.08.003

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.08.003

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2010/V34/I8/907

图/表 7

图1 2003-2007年不同凋落物添加处理的地上生物量。 C, 对照; M, 中度处理; H, 重度处理。图中不同字母表示同一年不同处理间在p < 0.05水平上差异显著。

Fig. 1 Aboveground biomass under different litter addition treatments from 2003 to 2007. C, control; M, medium treatment; H, heavy treatment. Different letters in the figure indicate the significant difference at p < 0.05 level.

表1 凋落物添加强度、年份对地上生物量和不同功能群生产力及其交互作用的单因素方差分析(F值)结果

Table 1 Results (F values) of one-way ANOVA test on the effects of litter addition intensity, year and their interactions on aboveground biomass of total plant community and different functional groups

作用因素 Factor	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	灌木和小半灌木 SS	多年生丛生型禾草 PB	多年生杂类草 PF	多年生根茎型禾草 PR	一二年生草本 AB
年 Year^①	32.69***	1.60^NS	17.39***	7.45***	17.85***	33.20***
处理 Treatment^②	8.16**	2.34^NS	2.34^NS	1.35^NS	0.40^NS	2.35^NS
年×处理 Year × treatment^③	3.22**	1.88^NS	0.80^NS	1.36^NS	0.84^NS	3.57***

表2 不同功能群植物相对生物量在同一年同一处理下的单因素方差分析(2003-2007年)

Table 2 One-way ANOVA results (F values) of effects on relative biomass of different functional groups in the same year and the same treatment from 2003 to 2007

功能群 Functional groups	2003			2004			2005			2006			2007
功能群 Functional groups	C	M	H	C	M	H	C	M	H	C	M	H	C	M	H
AB	15.67^b	29.37^b	21.10^b	9.18^bc	2.84^b	6.90^b	0.00^b	0.00^c	0.00^c	3.01^c	7.52^b	13.25^b	0.00^c	8.55^bc	2.46^c
PB	65.34^a	50.26^a	48.23^a	28.32^ab	37.85^a	34.24^a	82.08^a	78.86^a	74.06^a	34.72^b	39.07^a	49.47^a	66.47^a	53.46^a	71.25^a
PF	18.99^b	20.37^b	10.22^bc	45.16^a	33.89^a	19.41^ab	8.91^b	13.13^b	20.39^b	57.78^a	39.24^a	34.92^a	25.24^b	27.29^ab	20.06^b
PR	0.00^c	0.00^c	0.00^c	16.79^abc	21.42^ab	31.66^a	10.30^b	6.66^bc	5.55^c	4.01^c	4.50^b	2.36^b	8.30^bc	10.70^abc	6.22^c
SS	0.00^c	0.00^c	20.45^bc	0.55^c	4.00^b	7.79^b	0.00^b	1.35^bc	0.00^c	0.48^c	9.67^b	0.00^b	0.00^c	0.00^c	0.00^c

图4 不同处理功能群相对生物量的主成分分析。 C、M、H同图1。AB、PB、PF、PR、SS同表1。

Fig. 4 Principal component analysis (PCA) of relative biomass of different functional groups in different treatments. C, M and H are the same as in Fig. 1. AB, PB, PF, PR and SS are the same as in Table 1.

图2 2003-2007年年平均温度(A)和月平均温度(B)。

Fig. 2 Annual mean temperature (A) and monthly mean temperature (B) from 2003 to 2007.

图3 2003-2007年年降水量(A)和月平均降水量(B)。

Fig. 3 Annual precipitation (A) and monthly mean precipitation (B) from 2003 to 2007.

图5 不同凋落物添加对多年生丛生禾草与多年生杂类草的相关分析。 C、M、H同图1。

Fig. 5 Correlation analysis between perennial bunch grass and perennial forbs in different litter addition treatments. C, M and H are the same as in Fig. 1.

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