物候变化对北美温带落叶阔叶林生态系统生产力的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00363

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

数据源、时间范围、空间尺度等的差异导致许多物候变化对陆地生态系统碳收支影响的研究缺少可比性。该文基于4级碳通量填充数据, 采用相对阈值方法提取了两个北美典型温带阔叶林站Harvard Forest (HF)和University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS)共20年的物候参数(返青期、枯黄期和生长季长度), 并研究了物候变化对生态系统生产力的影响。结果表明: 1)生长季长度的延长对年累积总初级生产力(GPP)有显著贡献, 但由于呼吸作用(RE)的干扰, 生长季长度变化对年净生态系统生产力(NEP)的影响并不显著; 2)返青期的提前对上半年生态系统总初级生产力的贡献最为显著, 二者的相关系数分别为0.76 (HF)和0.93 (UMBS); 3)枯黄期的延迟对生产力的影响并不显著; 4)随着春季返青期的提前或秋季枯黄期的延迟, 上、下半年GPP和RE的累积量虽均有增加趋势, 但由于各自增加的幅度不确定, 导致年NEP与二者的响应关系复杂。

关键词: 生态系统生产力, 物候期, 相对阈值法, 温带落叶阔叶林

Abstract:

Aims Results of effects of phenological change on terrestrial ecosystem carbon budgets almost always lack comparability because of differences in data sources and time and spatial scales. Our objective was to determine how phenological change effects ecosystem productivity by analyzing annual phenological change of two deciduous broad-leaved forests in North America based on four-class carbon flux data.
Methods We designed a relative threshold method to extract the phenological parameters, including start of growing season (SOS), end of growing season (EOS) and growing season length (GSL) from four-class carbon flux data. The phenological parameters were linked to ecosystem productivity of North American deciduous broad-leaved forests (DBF) at Harvard Forest and the University of Michigan Biological Station.
Important findings Prolonged GSL influences annual gross primary productivity (GPP), but not net ecosystem productivity (NEP) due to disturbance of ecosystem respiration (RE). Advanced SOS has the most significant influence on the first half year’s GPP, with a correlation coefficient of 0.76 at Harvard Forest and 0.93 at the University of Michigan. Delayed EOS has little influence on annual GPP and NEP. Although increases of GPP and RE were observed with advanced SOS or delayed EOS, the relationship between phenology and NEP remains complicated due to the uncertainty of RE.

Key words: ecosystem productivity, phenological phase, relative threshold method, temperate deciduous broad- leaved forest

赵晶晶, 刘良云. 物候变化对北美温带落叶阔叶林生态系统生产力的影响. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(5): 363-371. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00363

ZHAO Jing-Jing, LIU Liang-Yun. Effects of phenological change on ecosystem productivity of temperate deciduous broad- leaved forests in North America. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(5): 363-371. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00363

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00363

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2012/V36/I5/363

图/表 8

图1 20% GPPmax的相对阈值物候提取方法(2001年Harvard Forest站)。EOS, 枯黄期, 即生长季结束日期; SOS, 返青期, 即生长季开始日期。

Fig. 1 20% GPPmax threshold phenology extraction algorithm (Harvard Forest Station in 2001). EOS, end of growing season; SOS, start of growing season.

图2 Harvard Forest (HF)站(A)和University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS) (B)返青期、枯黄期和生长季长度的年际变化。

Fig. 2 Interannual variation of start of growing season, end of growing season, growing season length at Harvard Forest (HF) Station (A) and University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS) (B).

图3 Harvard Forest (HF)站(A)和University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS) (B)生长季长度与年累积总初级生产力的相关性。

Fig. 3 Correlation between growing season length and annual gross primary productivity at Harvard Forest (HF) Station (A) and University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS) (B).

图4 Harvard Forest (HF)站(A)和University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS)站(B)生长季长度与净生态系统生产力的相关性。

Fig. 4 Correlation between growing season length and net ecosystem productivity at Harvard Forest (HF) Station (A) and University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS) (B).

图5 Harvard Forest (HF)站(A)和University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS)站(B)生长季长度与呼吸作用的相关性。

Fig. 5 Correlation between growing season length and respiration at Harvard Forest (HF) Station (A) and University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS) (B).

表1 Harvard Forest (HF)站和University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS)物候期变化(返青期(SOS)和枯黄期(EOS))与上半年(FHY)、下半年(LHY)和全年(WY)总初级生产力、呼吸作用和净生态系统生产力的相关系数

Table 1 Correlation coefficient between phenological change (start of growing season (SOS), end of growing season (EOS)) and gross primary productivity (GPP), respiration (RE), net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in first half year (FHY), last half year (LHY) and whole year (WY), respectively, at Harvard Forest (HF) Station and University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS)

站点名 Station name	物候期变化 Phenological change	GPP WY	GPP FHY	GPP LHY	RE WY	RE FHY	RE LHY	NEP WY	NEP FHY	NEP LHY
HF	返青期提前1天 SOS advanced for one day	0.6	0.76	0.60	0.14	0.57	-0.37	0.57	0.17	0.56
HF	枯黄期延迟1天 EOS delayed for one day	0.2	0.22	0.14	0.37	0.45	0.10	-0.10	-0.35	0.04
UMBS	返青期提前1天 SOS advanced for one day	0.0	0.93	-0.88	0.05	0.69	-0.63	0.05	0.71	-0.75
UMBS	枯黄期延迟1天 EOS delayed for one day	0.2	-0.51	0.78	-0.17	-0.62	0.40	0.54	-0.17	0.81

图6 Harvard Forest (HF)站(A)和University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS) (B)返青期对上半年总初级生产力(GPP)、呼吸作用(RE)、净生态系统生产力(NEP)的影响, 以及枯黄期对下半年总初级生产力、呼吸作用、净生态系统生产力的影响。

Fig. 6 Effects of start of growing season in first half year and those of end of growing season in last half year on gross primary productivity (GPP), respiration (RE), net ecosystem productivity (NEP) at Harvard Forest (HF) Station (A) and University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS) (B).

表2 Harvard Forest (HF)站和University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS)物候期变化(返青期(SOS)和枯黄期(EOS))对上半年(FHY)、下半年(LHY)和全年(WY)总初级生产力、呼吸作用和净生态系统生产力的影响(单位, g C·m-2)

Table 2 Effects of phenological change (start of growing season (SOS), end of growing season (EOS)) on gross primary productivity (GPP), respiration (RE), net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in first half year (FHY), last half year (LHY) and whole year (WY), respectively, at Harvard Forest (HF) Station and University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS) (Unit, g C·m-2)

站点名 Station name	物候期变化 Phenological change	GPP WY	GPP FHY	GPP LHY	RE WY	RE FHY	RE LHY	NEP WY	NEP FHY	NEP LHY
HF	返青期提前1天 SOS advanced for one day	-0.04	9.35	-9.39	0.44	4.23	-3.79	0.48	5.11	-5.60
HF	枯黄期延迟1天 EOS delayed for one day	3.46	-5.54	9.00	-1.54	-4.10	2.56	5.01	-1.43	6.44
UMBS	返青期提前1天 SOS advanced for one day	10.12	7.79	4.33	1.78	4.80	-3.02	8.34	0.99	7.34
UMBS	枯黄期延迟1天 EOS delayed for one day	5.19	2.65	2.53	7.61	6.15	1.46	-2.42	-3.49	1.07

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