土壤水、氮供应对麻疯树幼苗光合特性的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00091

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在盆栽半控制试验中, 采用两因素的随机区组设计, 在3个土壤水分梯度(分别为80%、50%和30%的田间持水量(FC))下研究了施氮肥和不施氮肥处理麻疯树(Jatropha curcas)幼苗的光合特性。比较了不同水分和氮素供应条件下麻疯树幼苗的光合-光响应和CO₂响应曲线、PSII的最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、氮含量和光合色素含量之间的差异。结果表明: 1)施氮肥处理中, 随着土壤水分含量的增加, 叶片表观量子效率(AQY)、光补偿点、最大净光合速率、羧化效率、光呼吸速率、暗呼吸速率和叶片氮含量均呈现增加的趋势, 而且均在80% FC下最高。2)不施氮肥处理中, 随着土壤水分含量的增加, 麻疯树各光合参数均与施氮肥处理呈现相反的变化趋势。3)在30% FC下, 施氮肥处理和不施氮肥处理相比, 氮含量显著增加, AQY、F_v/F_m、光合色素含量无显著的变化, 其他各项指标均显著降低。这些结果表明, 水氮耦合效应对麻疯树光合特性有显著影响, 尤其是在80% FC下增施氮肥的效果最为明显。因此, 在土壤氮素含量不高的情况下, 麻疯树更适宜在较低的土壤水分下生长, 土壤水分较高反而不利于麻疯树的光合作用; 而如果增施氮肥, 麻疯树在土壤水分含量较高时生长更好。

关键词: 氮含量, 氮肥, CO₂响应曲线, 光响应曲线, 光合色素, PSII的最大光化学效率, 土壤水分

Abstract:

Aims Jatropha curcas is a drought-resistant perennial that can be used for bio-energy to replace petro-diesel. However, J. curcas is still a wild plant and basic agronomical properties are not thoroughly understood. When it is grown in commercial plantations with regular irrigation, we do not know how J. curcas will respond to changes in the environment. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of different soil water and nitrogen supplies on the photosynthesis characteristics of J. curcas seedlings.
Methods We exposed seedlings of J. curcas to three watering regimes (80%, 50% and 30% of field water holding capacity (FC)) and two nitrogen (N) regimes (with or without N-fertilization) and determined how N-fertilization affects the photosynthetic light and CO₂ response curve, maximal quantum yield of PSII, and N and pigments contents under different soil water conditions.
Important findings With N-fertilization, we detected significant increases in apparent quantum yield (AQY), light compensation point (LCP), maximum net photosynthetic rate (P_max), carboxylation efficiency (CE), photorespiration rate (R_p), dark respiration rate (R_d) and nitrogen content with the increase of soil water content. Highest values of photosynthesis parameters occurred with 80% FC with N-fertilization. Without N-fertilization, all photosynthesis parameters had the opposite trends with the increase of soil water content. Furthermore, with 30% FC the nitrogen content of seedlings with N-fertilization was significantly higher than without N-fertilization. AQY, PSII maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m) and chlorophyll and carotenoids contents was nearly the same with and without N-fertilization, but other parameters were significantly lower without N-fertilization. Thus, under N-poor soil condition J. curcas grew better under the relatively low soil water conditions and photosynthesis of J. curcas was impacted by high soil water content. While with N-fertilization, J. curcas performed better under high soil water content.

Key words: nitrogen content, nitrogen fertilization, photosynthetic-CO₂ response curve, photosynthetic-light response curve, photosynthesis pigments, PSII maximum photochemical efficiency, soil water

焦娟玉, 尹春英, 陈珂. 土壤水、氮供应对麻疯树幼苗光合特性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(1): 91-99. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00091

JIAO Juan-Yu, YIN Chun-Ying, CHEN Ke. Effects of soil water and nitrogen supply on the photosynthetic characteristics of Jatropha curcas seedlings. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(1): 91-99. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00091

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00091

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2011/V35/I1/91

图/表 5

图1 土壤不同水、氮供应下麻疯树叶片的光合-光响应曲线。I、II、III分别为80%、50%和30%田间持水量; O、F分别为不施肥、施肥。

Fig. 1 Photosynthetic-light response curve of Jatropha curcas under different soil water and nitrogen supply. I, II, III were 80%, 50% and 30% of field water holding capacity (FC), respectively; O, F were without and with N-fertilization. PAR, photosynthetically available radiation; Pn, net photosynthetic rate.

表1 土壤不同水、氮供应对麻疯树叶片表观量子效率、光补偿点、暗呼吸速率和最大净光合速率的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 5)

Table 1 Effects of soil water and nitrogen supply on the apparent quantum yields (AQY), light compensation point (LCP), dark respiration rate (Rd) and the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax) in Jatropha curcas (mean ± SD, n = 5)

水、氮处理 Water and nitrogen regime	表观量子效率 AQY (mol·mol^-1)	光补偿点 LCP (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	暗呼吸速率 R_d (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	最大净光合速率 P_max(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)
IO	0.030 ± 0.000^d	9.40 ± 1.77^d	0.28 ± 0.05^e	12.11 ± 0.28^f
IF	0.043 ± 0.001^a	45.09 ± 1.30^a	1.94 ± 0.13^a	19.26 ± 0.11^a
IIO	0.039 ± 0.001^c	11.85 ± 1.05^d	0.46 ± 0.11^d	12.77 ± 0.12^e
IIF	0.041 ± 0.001^ab	20.54 ± 0.97^c	0.84 ± 0.10^c	14.60 ± 0.08^c
IIIO	0.041 ± 0.001^ab	27.39 ± 0.62^b	1.12 ± 0.06^b	15.03 ± 0.08^b
IIIF	0.042 ± 0.001^ab	18.29 ± 0.87^c	0.77 ± 0.09^c	14.09 ± 0.22^d
W	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
F	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
W × F	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

表2 土壤不同水、氮供应对麻疯树羧化效率、光呼吸速率和CO2补偿点的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 5)

Table 2 Effects of different soil water and nitrogen supply on carboxylation efficiency (CE), photorespiration rate (Rp), CO2 compensation point (CCP) in Jatropha curcas (mean ± SD, n = 5)

水氮处理 Water and nitrogen regime	羧化效率 CE (mol·mol^-1)	光呼吸速率 R_p(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	CO₂补偿点 CCP (μmol ·mol^-1)
IO	0.007 ± 0.001^e	0.61 ± 0.16^c	87.29 ± 1.57^b
IF	0.050 ± 0.002^a	3.87 ± 0.21^a	77.46 ± 0.10^b
IIO	0.011 ± 0.001^d	0.89 ± 0.19^c	80.64 ± 1.88^b
IIF	0.040 ± 0.001^b	3.94 ± 0.15^a	98.60 ± 1.50^a
IIIO	0.018 ± 0.001^c	1.84 ± 0.10^b	102.06 ± 0.96^a
IIIF	0.009 ± 0.000^de	0.72 ± 0.04^c	80.44 ± 0.42^b
W	0.000	0.000	0.000
F	0.000	0.000	0.000
W × F	0.000	0.000	0.000

图2 土壤不同水、氮供应对麻疯树叶片氮含量(A)和PSII的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm) (B)的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 5)。不同字母表示LSD多重比较差异显著(p < 0.05)。I、II、III、O、F、W和W × F同表1。

Fig. 2 Effects of different soil water and nitrogen supply on leaf nitrogen contents (A) and PSII maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) (B) in Jatropha curcas (mean ± SD, n = 5). Values with deferent letter are significant difference at p < 0.05 level according to LSD multiple test. I, II, III, O, F, W and W × F see Table 1.

表3 土壤中不同水、氮供应对麻疯树叶片光合色素含量的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 5)

Table 3 Effects of different soil water and nitrogen supply on the photosynthesis pigments content in Jatropha curcas leaves (mean ± SD, n = 5)

水氮处理 Water and nitrogen regime	叶绿素a Chlorophyll a (ng·cm^-2)	叶绿素b Chlorophyll b (ng·cm^-2)	叶绿素a + b Chlorophyll a + b (ng·cm^-2)	类胡萝卜素 Carotenoid (ng·cm^-2)
IO	175.39 ± 14.14^c	40.70 ± 2.16^d	216.09 ± 16.23^c	41.55 ± 2.76^c
IF	378.88 ± 9.07^a	96.38 ± 5.16^b	475.27 ± 14.07^a	86.27 ± 1.89^a
IIO	258.24 ± 45.19^b	64.90 ± 12.02^cd	323.14 ± 57.14^b	61.79 ± 10.94^b
IIF	400.50 ± 7.08^a	118.27 ± 6.35^ab	518.78 ± 13.41^a	92.23 ± 2.04^a
IIIO	355.33 ± 16.76^a	93.73 ± 8.04^bc	449.06 ± 24.78^a	80.93 ± 4.25^a
IIIF	400.18 ± 16.15^a	128.99 ± 16.32^a	529.18 ± 32.42^a	91.30 ± 3.64^a
W	0.002	0.003	0.002	0.004
F	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
W × F	0.012	0.522	0.035	0.022

参考文献 35

[1]	Amy K, Veronica C, Neal B, Lena H, Tala A (2006). Ecophysiological responses of Schizachyrium scoparium to water and nitrogen manipulations. Great Plains Research, 16, 29-36.
[2]	Bao SW (鲍思伟) (2001). Effects of water stress on the photosynthesis and output in Vicia faba L. leaves. Journal of Southwest University for Nationalities (Natural Science Edition) (西南民族学院学报(自然科学版)), 27, 446-449. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]	Behera SK, Panda RK (2009). Effect of fertilization and irrigation schedule on water and fertilizer solute transport for wheat crop in a sub-humid sub-tropical region. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 130, 141-155. DOI URL
[4]	Björkman O, Demmig B (1987). Photon yield of O₂ evolution and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics at 77 K among vascular plants of diverse origins. Planta, 170, 489-504. URL PMID
[5]	Cui ZF (崔志峰), Ai XZ (艾希珍), Zhang ZX (张振贤), Xing YX (邢禹贤), Chen LP (陈利平) (2000). Effect of temperature and photon flux density in autumn greenhouse on photosynthetic efficiency of some major vegetable crops. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica (西北农业学报), 9, 33-35, 62. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]	Demmig-Adams B, Adams III WW, Barker DH, Logan BA, Bowling DR, Verhoeven AS (1996). Using chlorophyll fluorescence to assess the fraction of absorbed light allocated to thermal dissipation of excess excitation. Physiologia Plantarum, 98, 253-264.
[7]	Dordas CA, Sioulas C (2008). Safflower yield, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency response to nitrogen fertilization under rainfed conditions. Industrial Crops and Products, 27, 75-85.
[8]	Fredeen AL, Gamon JA, Field CB (1991). Responses of photosynthesis and carbohydrate-partitioning to limitations in nitrogen and water availability in field-grown sunflower. Plant, Cell & Environment, 14, 963-970.
[9]	Gastal F, Lemaire G (2002). N uptake and distribution in crops: an agronomical and ecophysiological perspective. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53, 789-799. URL PMID
[10]	Gomes FP, Olive MA, Mielke MS, de Almeida AAF, Leite HG (2006). Photosynthetic irradiance-response in leaves of dwarf coconut plam ( Cocos nucifera L. ‘nana’, Arecaceae): comparison of three models. Scientia Horticulturae, 109, 101-105. DOI URL
[11]	Hamerlynck EP, Huxman TE, McAuliffe JR, Smith SD (2004). Carbon isotope discrimination and foliar nutrient status of Larrea tridentata (creosote bush) in contrasting Mojave Desert soils. Oecologia, 138, 210-215. URL PMID
[12]	Heller J (1996). Physic Nut (Jatropha curcas L.). Promoting the Conservation and Use of Underutilized and Neglected Crops. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome. 66.
[13]	Herrick JD, Thomas RB (1999). Effects of CO₂ enrichment on the photosynthetic light response of sun and shade of canopy sweetgum trees ( Liquidambar styraciflua) in a forest ecosystem. Tree Physiology, 19, 779-786. DOI URL PMID
[14]	Huang L (黄亮), Wu Y (吴莹), Zhang J (张经), Li W (李伟), Zhou JZ (周菊珍) (2003). Distribution of C, N, P and δ ¹³C in aquatic plants of some lakes in the middle yangtze valley . Acta Geoscientica Sinica (地球学报), 24, 515-518. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]	Inskeep WP, Bloom PR (1985). Extinction coefficients of chlorophyll a and b in N, N-dimethylformamide and 80% acetone. Plant Physiology, 77, 483-485. URL PMID
[16]	Iqbal RM, Rao AR, Rasul E, Wahid A (1997). Mathematical models and response functions in photosynthesis: an exponential model. In: Pessarakli M ed. Handbook of Photosynthesis. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, USA. 803-810.
[17]	Jiao JY (焦娟玉), Chen K (陈珂), Yin CY (尹春英) (2010). Effects of soil water content on growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Jatropha curcas L. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 30, 4460-4466. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]	Jie YL (接玉玲), Yang HQ (杨洪强), Cui MG (崔明刚), Luo XS (罗新书) (2001). Relationship between soil water content and water use efficiency of apple leaves. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 12, 387-390. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]	Karam F, Kabalan R, Breidi J, Rouphael Y, Oweis T (2009). Yield and water-production functions of two durum wheat cultivars grown under different irrigation and nitrogen regimes. Agricultural Water Management, 96, 603-615.
[20]	Li Y (李扬), Huang JH (黄建辉) (2009). Photosynthetic physiological responses of Glycyrrhiza uralensis under different water and nutrient supplies in Kubuqi desert, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 33, 1112-1124. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]	Luo CW (罗长维), Li K (李昆), Chen Y (陈友), Liu FY (刘方炎), Sun YY (孙永玉) (2008). Biological characteristics of flowering and fruiting of Jatropha curcas in Yuanjiang Savanna Valley. Journal of Northeast Forestry University (东北林业大学学报), 36, 7-10. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]	Maes WH, Achten WMJ, Reubens B, Raes D, Samson R, Muys B (2009). Plant-water relationships and growth strategies of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings under different levels of drought stress. Journal of Arid Environments, 73, 877-884.
[23]	Prueksakorn K, Gheewala SH, Malakul P, Bonnet S (2010). Energy analysis of Jatropha plantation systems for biodiesel production in Thailand. Energy for Sustainable Development, 14, 1-5. DOI URL
[24]	Richardson AD, Berlyn GP (2002). Spectral reflectance and photosynthetic properties of Betula papyrifera (Betulaceae) leaves along an elevational gradient on Mt. Mansfield, Vermont, USA. American Journal of Botany, 89, 88-94. DOI URL PMID
[25]	Sandhu KS, Arora VK, Chand R, Sandhu BS, Khera KL (2000). Optimizing time distribution of water supply and fertilizer nitrogen rates in relation to targeted wheat yields. Experimental Agriculture, 36, 115-125.
[26]	Shi SB (师生波), Li HM (李惠梅), Wang XY (王学英), Yue XG (岳向国), Xu WH (徐文华), Chen GC (陈桂琛) (2006). Comparative studies of photosynthetic characteristics in typical plants of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Journal of Plant Ecology (Chinese Version) (植物生态学报), 30, 40-46. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]	Silva EN, Ferreira-Silva SL, Fontenele Ade V, Ribeiro RV, Viégas RA, Silveira JA (2010). Photosynthetic changes and protective mechanisms against oxidative damage subjected to isolated and combined drought and heat stresses in Jatropha curcas plants. Journal of Plant Physiology, 167, 1157-1164. URL PMID
[28]	Song QA (宋庆安), Tong FP (童方平), Yi AQ (易霭琴), Li G (李贵), Pi B (皮兵) (2008). Studies on physiological characteristics of photosynthetic of Vihurnum opulus L. under light stress. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin (中国农学通报), 24(5), 166-170. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]	Tong FP (童方平), Xu YP (徐艳平), Song QA (宋庆安), Long YZ (龙应忠), Yi AQ (易霭琴), Li G (李贵) (2009). The variance rule of character parameters responding to light and CO₂ of slash pine’s half-sib. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition) (南京林业大学学报(自然科学版)), 33, 54-58. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]	Wang Z (王忠) (2002). Plant Physiology (植物生理学). Chinese Agricultural Press, Beijing. 68. (in Chinese)
[31]	Wei JQ (韦记青), Jiang SY (蒋水元), Tang H (唐辉), Jiang YS (蒋运生), Qi XX (漆小雪), Wang ML (王满莲) (2006). Photosynthetic and transpiration characteristics of Corydalis saxicola and its response to light intensity and concentration of CO₂. Guihaia (广西植物), 26, 317-320. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[32]	Wellburn AR (1994). The spectral determination of chlorophyll a and b, as well as total carotenoids, using various solvents with spectrophotometers of different resolution. Journal of Plant Physiology, 144, 307-313. DOI URL
[33]	Ye M, Li CY, Francis G, Makkar HPS (2009). Current situation and prospects of Jatropha curcas as a multipurpose tree in China. Agroforestry Systems, 76, 487-497. DOI URL
[34]	Yin CY, Pang XY, Chen K (2009). The effects of water, nutrient availability and their interaction on the growth, morphology and physiology of two poplar species. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 67, 196-203.
[35]	Zhuang WH (庄文化), Wu PT (吴普特), Feng H (冯浩), Xu FL (徐福利), Li BF (李百凤), Ning RC (宁荣昌) (2008). Effects of super absorbent polyer of sodium polyacrylate used in soil on the growth and yield of winter wheat. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报), 24, 37-41. (in Chinese with English abstract)