塔里木河下游湿地面积时序变化及对生态输水的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0267

植物生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 616-627.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0267

所属专题：生态遥感及应用

塔里木河下游湿地面积时序变化及对生态输水的响应

蔚亮¹^,², 李均力¹^,³^,^*(), 包安明¹^,³, 白洁¹^,³, 黄粤¹^,³, 刘铁¹^,³, 沈占锋⁴

¹中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 绿洲与荒漠国家重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
³新疆遥感与地理信息系统应用重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011
⁴中国科学院空天信息研究院, 北京 100094

收稿日期:2019-10-15 接受日期:2020-02-24 出版日期:2020-06-20 发布日期:2020-04-30
通讯作者: * 李均力: ORCID:0000-0002-1054-5966, lijl@ms.xjb.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发项目(2017YFB0504204);中国科学院创新交叉团队项目(JCTD-2019-20);国家自然科学基金(41671034);国家自然科学基金(41971375);天山雪松人才计划(2018XS11)

Temporal areal changes of wetlands in the lower reaches of the Tarim River and their responses to ecological water conveyance

YU Liang¹^,², LI Jun-Li¹^,³^,^*(), BAO An-Ming¹^,³, BAI Jie¹^,³, HUANG Yue¹^,³, LIU Tie¹^,³, SHEN Zhan-Feng⁴

¹State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ürümqi 830011, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³Key Laboratory of GIS & RS Application Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, ürümqi 830011, China
⁴Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

Received:2019-10-15 Accepted:2020-02-24 Online:2020-06-20 Published:2020-04-30
Contact: LI Jun-Li: ORCID:0000-0002-1054-5966, lijl@ms.xjb.ac.cn
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFB0504204);CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team(JCTD-2019-20);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41671034);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971375);Tianshan Cedar Talent Project(2018XS11)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

及时了解和定量分析荒漠区河岸带湿地月度时序变化趋势及对生态输水过程的响应, 对认识湿地生态修复过程, 改进生态输水策略, 维护湿地生态系统稳定具有重要意义。该文基于Landsat ETM+/TM/OLI和Sentinel 2形成的月尺度的密集长时序遥感数据, 分析2000-2018年塔里木河下游英苏-阿拉干之间的湿地时序变化特征, 并评估湿地变化对生态输水过程的响应。结果表明: 近19年来湿地面积持续增加, 其中2011-2013年和2017-2018年是面积快速增加的时段。不同的单、双通道输水方式和输水量大小解释了喀尔达依湿地与博孜库勒湿地在不同时段增长的快慢。对湿地面积与生态输水量、地下水埋深关系的分析表明, 累计生态输水量的持续增加是近20年来塔里木河下游河岸带湿地扩张的重要因素, 每年大于3.5亿m ³的双通道生态输水, 地下水埋深维持在-5.0- -3.5 m是湿地持续稳定增长的关键。

关键词: 荒漠区河岸带湿地, 时间序列, 生态输水效应, 时滞分析, 塔里木河下游

Abstract:

Aims Ecological water conveyance is of great importance for desert riparian wetland ecosystem. However, few studies have been focused on the quantitative evaluation of water conveyance to wetland restoration due to a lack of continous observation data. This paper analyzed the temporal wetland area changes between Yengisu and Alagan in the lower reach of Tarim River based on time series remote sensing data during 2000-2018, and evaluated the effects of ecological water conveyance on wetland restoration, so as to guide the ecological water conveyance and maintain the stability of the desert wetland ecosystem.
Methods About 354 Landsat ETM+/TM/OLI, Sentinel 2 images during 2000-2018 were used to map the monthly wetland area changes in the lower reach of Tarim River, then their annual, seasonal and spaital areal changes were analyzed. The correlation between wetland area changes and ecological water conveyance, underground water levels were also evaluated based on Pearson correlation and cross-correlation methods.
Important findings The wetland area has steadly increased in the last 19 years. The areal change rate was minor before 2011 while rapidly increased after 2011. The wetland expanded at a high rate during 2011-2013 and 2017-2018. Different ecological water volumes and water conveyance patterns (single channel or dual channel) can explain different areal changing rates at different stages. The correlation analysis between wetland area changes and ecological water volumes showed that the accumulative ecological water volume is the primary reason causing wetland expansion in recent years. In order to maintain a steady improvement of wetland vegetation, more than 350 million square meters of ecological water are conveyed to the downstream of the Tarim River through dual channel. When the groundwater depth is maintained between -5.0- -3.5 m, the wetland vegetation can sustain a good growth condition.

Key words: desert riparian wetlands, time series, ecological water conveyance effect, temporal delay analysis, lower reaches of Tarim River

蔚亮, 李均力, 包安明, 白洁, 黄粤, 刘铁, 沈占锋. 塔里木河下游湿地面积时序变化及对生态输水的响应. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(6): 616-627. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0267

YU Liang, LI Jun-Li, BAO An-Ming, BAI Jie, HUANG Yue, LIU Tie, SHEN Zhan-Feng. Temporal areal changes of wetlands in the lower reaches of the Tarim River and their responses to ecological water conveyance. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(6): 616-627. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0267

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2019.0267

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I6/616

图/表 11

图1 塔里木河下游湿地研究区域图。

Fig. 1 Map of study area of the lower reaches of the Tarim River.

图2 2000-2018年塔里木河下游湿地研究区多源遥感数据时序分布图。

Fig. 2 Temporal distribution of multi-source remote sensing data in the study area of the lower reaches of the Tarim River during 2000-2018. DOY, day of year.

图3 2000-2018年塔里木河下游研究区湿地年度遥感动态变化图。其中变化较小的年份未列出。

Fig. 3 Remote sensing maps of wetland dynamic in the study area of the lower reaches of the Tarim River during 2000-2018.

图4 2000-2018年塔里木河下游研究区湿地总面积(A)和分区湿地面积(B)时序变化曲线。

Fig. 4 Time series areal curves of total (A) and regional (B) wetland area of the lower reaches of the Tarim River during 2000-2018.

图5 塔里木河下游研究区湿地面积年际变化曲线(A)、月度变化曲线(B)和季节指数(C)。

Fig. 5 Annual curve (A), monthly curve (B) and seasonal index (C) of the wetland areas of the lower reaches of the Tarim River.

图6 2000-2018年塔里木河下游研究区湿地年度覆盖频次图。

Fig. 6 Annual coverage frequency map of wetlands of the lower reaches of the Tarim River during 2000-2018.

图7 塔里木河下游研究区年湿地面积与生态输水的相关关系。 *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 7 Relations between wetland areas and ecological water conveyance volumes of the lower reaches of the Tarim River. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

图8 塔里木河下游湿地年最大面积与累计生态输水量的年际变化曲线(A)和相关关系曲线(B)。

Fig. 8 Annual curve (A) and correlation curves (B) between annual maximum wetland area and accumulated ecological water volumes in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.

表1 塔里木河下游湿地生态输水量及输水方式与湿地变化率的关系

Table 1 Relationships between ecological water volumes, conveyance pattern and wetland changing rates in the lower reaches of the Tarim River

年份 Year	单通道输水次数 Water conveyance times by single channel	单通道输水量 Water conveyance volume by single channel (× 10⁸ m³)	双通道输水次数 Water conveyance times by dual channel	双通道输水量 Water conveyance volume by dual channel (× 10⁸ m³)	博孜库勒湿地增长速率 Growth rate of Bozkul wetland area (km²·a^-1)	喀尔达依湿地增长速率 Growth rate of Kardayi wetland area (km²·a^-1)
2001-2009	6	11.66	3	11.04	0.28	1.15
2010-2013	1	0.14	4	23.57	11.58	6.45
2014-2014	1	0.07	1	0	-3.88	2.75
2015-2018	0	0	4	30.58	11.56	6.54

图9 塔里木河下游湿地地下水埋深与累计输水量(A)、湿地水体面积(B)、湿地植被面积(C)和湿地总面积的月度变化曲线(D)。

Fig. 9 Monthly curves between groundwater levels and accumulated water volumes (A), water areas (B), vegetation areas (C) and wetland areas (D) in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.

表2 塔里木河下游湿地与地下水埋深的时滞变化

Table 2 Changes of time lag between wetland changes and groundwater depths in the lower reaches of the Tarim River

年份 Year	滞后时间(月) Time lag (month)
年份 Year	湿地水体 Wetland water	湿地植被 Wetland vegetation	湿地 Total wetland
2011	-2	不显著 Not obvious	-2
2012	-1	8	-1
2013	-1	8	8
2014	不显著 Not obvious	8	8
2015	-2	7	7
2016	-4	7	7
2017	0	6	8

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塔里木河下游湿地面积时序变化及对生态输水的响应

Temporal areal changes of wetlands in the lower reaches of the Tarim River and their responses to ecological water conveyance

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