不同海岸距离上木麻黄凋落叶金属元素含量及归还量动态特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0091

植物生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (8): 819-827.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0091

所属专题：凋落物

不同海岸距离上木麻黄凋落叶金属元素含量及归还量动态特征

袁锋¹^,², 王艳艳¹^,², 李茂瑾³, 江传阳⁴, 刘贺娜¹^,², 李坤玲¹^,², 洪滔¹^,², 吴承祯⁵, 陈灿¹^,²^,^*()

¹福建农林大学林学院, 福州 350002
²福建省高校森林生态系统过程与经营重点实验室, 福州 350002
³福建省惠安赤湖国有防护林场, 福建泉州 362200
⁴福建省晋江坫头国有防护林场, 福建泉州 362200
⁵武夷学院生态与资源工程学院, 福建南平 354300

收稿日期:2020-03-31 接受日期:2020-07-03 出版日期:2020-08-20 发布日期:2020-07-28
通讯作者: 陈灿
作者简介:* canchen@fafu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD060130403);福建省林业科技项目(闽林科便函〔2018〕26号);福建省教育厅科研项目(JT180134)

Dynamic characteristics of metal element content and return of Casuarina equisetifolia litter at different distances to the coastline

YUAN Feng¹^,², WANG Yan-Yan¹^,², LI Mao-Jin³, JIANG Chuan-Yang⁴, LIU He-Na¹^,², LI Kun-Ling¹^,², HONG Tao¹^,², WU Cheng-Zhen⁵, CHEN Can¹^,²^,^*()

¹College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
²Collegiate Key Lab of Forest-Ecosystem Process and Management in Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China
³Chihu State-owned Protective Forest Farm of Huian, Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian 362200, China
⁴Diantou State-owned Protective Forest Farm of Jinjiang, Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian 362200, China
⁵College of Ecology and Resource Engineering, Wuyi University, Nanping, Fujian 354300, China

Received:2020-03-31 Accepted:2020-07-03 Online:2020-08-20 Published:2020-07-28
Contact: CHEN Can
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD060130403);Fujian Forestry Science and Technology Project(闽林科便函〔2018〕26号);Scientific Research Project of Fujian Provincial Department of Education(JT180134)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

精确估算生态系统内部环境梯度引起的养分循环差异, 对评估其生态功能十分重要。为探讨不同距海生境对木麻黄(Casuarina equisetifolia)凋落叶金属元素含量及养分归还动态的影响, 以福建省惠安赤湖国有防护林场木麻黄凋落叶为研究对象, 按照离海由近及远的顺序设置5个距离(T₁到T₅), 收集凋落叶测定金属元素含量。结果表明: 1)海岸梯度环境对木麻黄凋落叶各元素含量及归还量具有显著影响, 由基干林带向林内元素含量、归还量呈线性规律, 总体上近海高于远海, 按照离海由近及远元素含量逐渐降低, 铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)和锰(Mn)在T₄后上升, 归还量变化趋势与含量相似。2)凋落叶元素含量在不同月份存在显著差异, Na、Fe、Cu、Zn具有相似性, 6月、11月存在明显低谷; Mn在2至4月下降后波动上升。归还量总体表现为钠(Na)、Cu相似, 5、8、次年1月出现峰值;Mn、Fe、Zn相似, 5、8、11、次年1月出现峰值。3)土壤Na含量按照离海由近及远逐渐降低, 其他元素波动变化, 各距离之间差异不明显。4)凋落叶Na-Fe含量存在显著正相关关系, Na-Zn、Fe-Cu、Fe-Zn含量存在极显著正相关关系; 土壤与凋落叶相同元素含量间存在正相关关系, Na和Cu达到显著水平。究其原因, 叶片元素含量差异受叶凋落时间差异造成的重吸收差异影响大; 月间差异因植物生命活动对元素需求量存在差异; 归还量差异与凋落叶量及元素含量有关。

关键词: 木麻黄, 凋落叶, 金属元素, 养分含量, 养分归还量, 海岸环境

Abstract:

Aims Accurate estimation of the variation of nutrient cycling along environmental gradients within an ecosystem is important for assessing their ecological functions. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of different habitats on the metal element content and nutrient return dynamics of Casuarina equisetifolia.
Methods Taking the litter of C. equisetifolia in Chihu State-owned Protective Forest Farm of Huian, Fujian Province as the research object. Five distances named T₁, T₂, T₃, T₄ and T₅ respectively, were selected in order of near to far from the coastline, and the litter was collected to determine the metal element content.
Important findings We found that: 1) Different coastal distances had significant effects on the content and return of each element of C. equisetifolia litter. The element content and return from the forest edge zone to interior forest were linear. In order of near to far from the coastline, sodium (Na) content gradually decreases. Iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) increased since T₄, and their changing trend and amount of the return and content along the gradient were similar. 2) There were significant differences on the content of litter elements among different months. Litter Na, Fe, Cu, and Zn had similarities, and had lowest value in June and November. Litter Mn fluctuated after falling from February to April. The return amount was generally similar between litter Na and Cu, with peaks in May, August, and next January; Litter Mn, Fe, and Zn showed similar return amount, with peaks in May, August, and next January. 3) Na content in soils at different distances from the coastline decreased gradually, while other elements fluctuated and did not show significant difference along the gradient. 4) Litter Na and Fe were significantly positively correlated, and litter Na and Zn, Fe and Cu, and Fe and Zn were extremely significantly positively correlated, respectively. There was a positive correlation for the same element between soil and litter and the correlation was significant for Na and Cu. The difference in litter element was greatly affected by the difference in resorption rate during litter falling at different timing along the distance gradient. The temporal difference among different months was due to the requirements from plant life activity. The difference in the return of the element was related to the amount of litterfall and the content of elements in the litter.

Key words: Casuarina equisetifolia, litter, metal elements, nutrient content, nutrient return, coastal environment

袁锋, 王艳艳, 李茂瑾, 江传阳, 刘贺娜, 李坤玲, 洪滔, 吴承祯, 陈灿. 不同海岸距离上木麻黄凋落叶金属元素含量及归还量动态特征. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(8): 819-827. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0091

YUAN Feng, WANG Yan-Yan, LI Mao-Jin, JIANG Chuan-Yang, LIU He-Na, LI Kun-Ling, HONG Tao, WU Cheng-Zhen, CHEN Can. Dynamic characteristics of metal element content and return of Casuarina equisetifolia litter at different distances to the coastline. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(8): 819-827. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0091

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I8/819

图/表 8

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海岸距离 Coastal distance (m)	树高 Tree height (m)	胸径 Diameter at breast height (cm)	冠幅 Crown width (m)	风速 Wind speed (m·s^-1)	密度 Density (trees·hm^-2)
30 (T₁)	10.67 ± 1.68	17.34 ± 1.08	3.65 ± 0.11	7.8 ± 1.11	2 350
60 (T₂)	11.70 ± 1.03	14.19 ± 4.48	3.98 ± 0.98	7.2 ± 0.97	2 150
90 (T₃)	12.93 ± 0.94	20.57 ± 1.27	4.22 ± 1.17	6.4 ± 0.86	1 850
120 (T₄)	13.53 ± 1.37	18.64 ± 3.89	3.75 ± 0.95	5.8 ± 0.65	1 700
150 (T₅)	13.40 ± 1.21	19.27 ± 4.16	3.52 ± 0.87	5.3 ± 0.76	1 600
300 (T_CK)	13.53 ± 1.49	25.39 ± 9.01	5.37 ± 1.57	4.3 ± 0.66	1 550

海岸距离 Coastal distance (m)	树高 Tree height (m)	胸径 Diameter at breast height (cm)	冠幅 Crown width (m)	风速 Wind speed (m·s^-1)	密度 Density (trees·hm^-2)
30 (T₁)	10.67 ± 1.68	17.34 ± 1.08	3.65 ± 0.11	7.8 ± 1.11	2 350
60 (T₂)	11.70 ± 1.03	14.19 ± 4.48	3.98 ± 0.98	7.2 ± 0.97	2 150
90 (T₃)	12.93 ± 0.94	20.57 ± 1.27	4.22 ± 1.17	6.4 ± 0.86	1 850
120 (T₄)	13.53 ± 1.37	18.64 ± 3.89	3.75 ± 0.95	5.8 ± 0.65	1 700
150 (T₅)	13.40 ± 1.21	19.27 ± 4.16	3.52 ± 0.87	5.3 ± 0.76	1 600
300 (T_CK)	13.53 ± 1.49	25.39 ± 9.01	5.37 ± 1.57	4.3 ± 0.66	1 550

海岸距离 Coastal distance (m)	Na	Mn	Fe	Cu	Zn
30 (T₁)	6.091 ± 1.135^a	0.067 ± 0.020^c	0.267 ± 0.110^a	0.0043 ± 0.002^a	0.020 ± 0.003^b
60 (T₂)	5.327 ± 1.346^a	0.093 ± 0.033^b	0.226 ± 0.113^ab	0.0036 ± 0.002^ab	0.016 ± 0.003^ab
90 (T₃)	5.084 ± 1.431^a	0.078 ± 0.014^bc	0.175 ± 0.059^b	0.0027 ± 0.002^bc	0.016 ± 0.004^ab
120 (T₄)	4.408 ± 1.689^b	0.063 ± 0.011^c	0.168 ± 0.062^b	0.0022 ± 0.001^c	0.012 ± 0.003^ab
150 (T₅)	3.823 ± 1.283^b	0.073 ± 0.011^c	0.174 ± 0.049^b	0.0033 ± 0.002^ac	0.016 ± 0.002^ab
300 (T_CK)	1.973 ± 0.587^c	0.204 ± 0.036^a	0.188 ± 0.056^b	0.0030 ± 0.001^bc	0.024 ± 0.004^a
平均值 Mean	4.451 ± 1.442	0.096 ± 0.054	0.200 ± 0.039	0.0032 ± 0.0007	0.019 ± 0.009

海岸距离 Coastal distance (m)	Na	Mn	Fe	Cu	Zn
30 (T₁)	6.091 ± 1.135^a	0.067 ± 0.020^c	0.267 ± 0.110^a	0.0043 ± 0.002^a	0.020 ± 0.003^b
60 (T₂)	5.327 ± 1.346^a	0.093 ± 0.033^b	0.226 ± 0.113^ab	0.0036 ± 0.002^ab	0.016 ± 0.003^ab
90 (T₃)	5.084 ± 1.431^a	0.078 ± 0.014^bc	0.175 ± 0.059^b	0.0027 ± 0.002^bc	0.016 ± 0.004^ab
120 (T₄)	4.408 ± 1.689^b	0.063 ± 0.011^c	0.168 ± 0.062^b	0.0022 ± 0.001^c	0.012 ± 0.003^ab
150 (T₅)	3.823 ± 1.283^b	0.073 ± 0.011^c	0.174 ± 0.049^b	0.0033 ± 0.002^ac	0.016 ± 0.002^ab
300 (T_CK)	1.973 ± 0.587^c	0.204 ± 0.036^a	0.188 ± 0.056^b	0.0030 ± 0.001^bc	0.024 ± 0.004^a
平均值 Mean	4.451 ± 1.442	0.096 ± 0.054	0.200 ± 0.039	0.0032 ± 0.0007	0.019 ± 0.009

元素 Element	含量 Content (g·kg^-1)			归还量 Return amount (kg·hm^-2)
元素 Element	方程 Equation	R²	p	方程 Equation	R²	p
Na	y = -0.7365x + 7.0288	0.913 3	0.000	y = -8.978x + 73.306	0.897 3	0.000
Mn	y = 0.0112x² - 0.0607x + 0.1395	0.689 4	0.000	y = 0.0889x² - 0.4939x + 1.29	0.489 8	0.000
Fe	y = 0.009x² - 0.0788x + 0.3393	0.977 3	0.019	y = -0.24x + 2.644	0.813 4	0.002
Cu	y = 0.002x² - 0.0015x + 0.0056	0.780 3	0.022	y = 0.0012x² - 0.0115x + 0.0505	0.776 0	0.054
Zn	y = 0.0013x² - 0.0086x + 0.0276	0.833 1	0.019	y = -0.014x + 0.1962	0.664 8	0.009

不同海岸距离上木麻黄凋落叶金属元素含量及归还量动态特征

Dynamic characteristics of metal element content and return of Casuarina equisetifolia litter at different distances to the coastline

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海岸距离 Coastal distance (m)	Na	Mn	Fe	Cu	Zn
30 (T₁)	56.196 ± 19.596^a	0.636 ± 0.264^b	2.388 ± 1.008^a	0.037 ± 0.012^a	0.178 ± 0.048^ab
60 (T₂)	59.136 ± 23.580^a	0.960 ± 0.264^ab	2.364 ± 0.924^a	0.038 ± 0.024^ab	0.176 ± 0.072^ab
90 (T₃)	53.532 ± 17.136^a	0.876 ± 0.360^ab	1.848 ± 0.696^ab	0.026 ± 0.012^ab	0.174 ± 0.060^ab
120 (T₄)	40.656 ± 21.816^ac	0.612 ± 0.252^ab	1.572 ± 0.756^ab	0.020 ± 0.012^b	0.110 ± 0.048^b
150 (T₅)	25.896 ± 10.416^bc	0.528 ± 0.216^ab	1.176 ± 0.432^b	0.024 ± 0.012^ab	0.116 ± 0.048^b
300 (T_CK)	15.864 ± 10.908^b	1.848 ± 1.512^a	1.476 ± 0.948^ab	0.026 ± 0.024^ab	0.128 ± 0.068^a
平均值 Mean	41.880 ± 17.733	0.910 ± 0.489	1.804 ± 0.492	0.029 ± 0.007	0.147 ± 0.0.32

海岸距离 Coastal distance (m)	Na (g·kg^-1)	Mn (g·kg^-1)	Fe (g·kg^-1)	Cu (mg·kg^-1)	Zn (mg·kg^-1)
30 (T₁)	4.305 ± 1.030^a	0.075 ± 0.019^ab	2.130 ± 0.212^a	0.9 ± 0.07^a	7.0 ± 0.69^ab
60 (T₂)	3.554 ± 0.310^ab	0.074 ± 0.011^ab	2.063 ± 0.181^a	0.8 ± 0.08^ab	5.3 ± 1.08^a
90 (T₃)	3.867 ± 0.844^ab	0.061 ± 0.013^a	2.299 ± 0.433^a	0.8 ± 0.07^ab	6.5 ± 1.66^ab
120 (T₄)	3.106 ± 0.557^b	0.074 ± 0.077^ab	2.742 ± 0.220^a	0.6 ± 0.08^b	8.3 ± 1.16^b
150 (T₅)	2.857 ± 0.186^b	0.082 ± 0.011^ab	2.196 ± 0.281^a	0.8 ± 0.16^ab	6.7 ± 1.28^ab
300 (T_CK)	1.556 ± 0.399^c	0.090 ± 0.021^b	2.701 ± 0.790^a	0.7 ± 0.12^b	10.9 ± 2.47^c
平均值 Mean	3.208 ± 0.961	0.076 ± 0.010	2.283 ± 0.241	0.8 ± 0.09	7.5 ± 1.90

	Na_L	Mn_L	Fe_L	Cu_L	Zn_L
Mn_L	0.426, 0.167 (ns)	1
Fe_L	0.660, <0.05	0.117, 0.717 (ns)	1
Cu_L	0.388, 0.213 (ns)	-0.034, 0.917 (ns)	0.724, <0.01	1
Zn_L	0.825, <0.01	0.324, 0.304 (ns)	0.740, <0.01	0.550, 0.064 (ns)	1
pH	0.971, <0.05	0.777, 0.069 (ns)	0.695, 0.126 (ns)	0.613, 0.196 (ns)	0.617, 0.192 (ns)
	Na_S-Na_L	Mn_S-Mn_L	Fe_S-Fe_L	Cu_S-Cu_L	Zn_S-Zn_L
	0.987, <0.01	0.677, 0.140 (ns)	0.609, 0.200 (ns)	0.895, <0.05	0.769, 0.074 (ns)

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