滇中喀斯特森林土壤种子库的种-面积关系

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤中的种子是植物群落更新与再恢复的种源基础。国内对土壤种子库的取样面积与种子检出之间的关系还很少涉及。在采用萌发方法对采集自滇中喀斯特山地的100个10 cm×10 cm小样方的物种数进行研究后,分析了土壤种子库的种-面积关系。面积与总物种和乔、灌、草本物种数之间的关系与二次方程和对数方程之间的拟合关系都较好。总物种数和草本物种数的基数较大且随面积增长较明显,而乔木和灌木的基数相对较小,增长较慢。总物种数的增加在面积位于0.15~0.2 m²,也即15~20个10 cm×10 cm样方之间时逐渐趋缓,可将这一面积和取样数量作为同类地区种子库取样的参考。

关键词: 喀斯特, 森林, 土壤种子库, 种-面积曲线, 取样面积

Abstract:

Aims Seeds stored in soil are important for plant regeneration and ecological restoration. Seeds are dispersed from parent plants stochastically, and this results in a non-uniform distribution of seeds across the litter and soil. Soil samples must be collected to overcome this variation and to obtain a reasonable richness and density of seeds. However, extracting seeds from soil is time-consuming and studying the germination of seeds from soil samples requires much space. Therefore, it is important to determine a reasonable sample size for soil seed bank studies. However, the relationship between soil sampling area and seeds has rarely been explored in China.

Methods We collected 100 soil samples of 10 cm×10 cm in a Karst forest in central Yunnan. Species and seed density were determined with the seedling emergence method after washing soil samples through 4 and 0.21 mm mesh sieves to eliminate coarse and fine materials, respectively. Soil samples were treated as quadrats and arrayed in a regular but non-contiguous grid to establish a species-area relationship.

Important findings A total of 2 536 seedlings from 69 species (7 trees, 6 shrubs and 56 herbs) emerged from the samples. There were 3-67 seeds from 1-14 species in a soil sample, with an average of 23.4 seeds and 7.1 species. The percentage of samples in which a species germinated ranged from 1% to 90%. The number of total, tree, shrub and herb species had significant quadratic and logarithmic relationships with area. The bases of total species and herb species were large and the slopes of their species-area curves were steep. In contrast, the bases for tree species and shrub species were small and showed little increase. The increase of total species leveled out at 0.15-0.2 m², i.e., 15-20 samples (10 cm×10 cm). This study indicates that 15-20 samples with total surface area of 0.15-0.2 m² can serve as a reference for soil seed bank studies in areas similar to this study. However, the seedling emergence method, even with the total sample area in this study, needs to be improved or replaced to determine the sampling requirement for tree and shrub species.

Key words: Karst, forest, soil seed bank, species-area relation, sample area

沈有信, 刘文耀, 崔建武. 滇中喀斯特森林土壤种子库的种-面积关系. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(1): 50-55. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0007

SHEN You-Xin, LIU Wen-Yao, CUI Jian-Wu. SPECIES-AREA RELATIONSHIPS OF SOIL SEED BANK IN KARST FOREST IN CENTRAL YUNNAN, CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(1): 50-55. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0007

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参考文献 33

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生活型 Life forms	物种 Species	科 Family	萌发幼苗数 Seedlings emerged	萌发幼苗的样本数 Samples with seedlings
草本 Herbs	红鳞苔草Carex souliei	莎草科 Cyperaceae	549	80
	红雾水葛Pouzolzia sanguinea	荨麻科 Urticaceae	547	90
	紫茎泽兰Eupatorium adenophorum	菊科 Compositae	292	57
	石筋草 Pilea plataniflora	荨麻科 Urticaceae	170	40
	龙葵Solanum nigrum	茄科 Solanaceae	42	27
	一点红 Emilia sonchifolia	菊科 Compositae	39	31
	菊状千里光Senecio chrysanthemoides	菊科 Compositae	39	26
	粘毛香青Anaphalis bulleyana	菊科 Compositae	35	28
	过路黄 Lysimachia christinae	报春花科 Primulaceae	30	9
	细苔草 Carex sp.	莎草科 Cyperaceae	25	13
	小蓬Conyza canadensis	菊科 Compositae	22	20
	臭灵丹 Laggera pterodonta	菊科 Compositae	16	11
	菝葜一种Smilax sp.1	菝葜科 Smilacaceae	15	14
	竹叶草 Oplismenus compositus	禾本科 Gramineae	15	10
	鼠麴草 Gnaphalium affine	菊科 Compositae	14	12
	通泉草 Mazus pumilus	玄参科 Scrophulariaceae	13	2
	棉毛倒提壶Carpesium nepalense var. lanatum	菊科 Compositae	10	10
	其它草本 Other herbs (38)		139	1~8
灌木Shrubs	红梅消 Rubus parvifolius	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	237	63
	地石榴 Ficus tikoua	桑科 Moraceae	23	18
	竹叶椒 Zanthoxylum armatum	芸香科 Rutaceae	15	11
	其它灌木Other shrubs (3)		7	1~3
乔木Trees	大毛毛花Albizia mollis	苏木科 Caesalpiniaceae	42	17
	沙坝榕 Ficus chapaensis	桑科 Moraceae	14	14
	云南鹅耳枥Carpinus mobeigiana	榛科 Corylaceae	12	5
	其它乔木Other trees (4)		4	1

生活型 Life forms	物种 Species	科 Family	萌发幼苗数 Seedlings emerged	萌发幼苗的样本数 Samples with seedlings
草本 Herbs	红鳞苔草Carex souliei	莎草科 Cyperaceae	549	80
	红雾水葛Pouzolzia sanguinea	荨麻科 Urticaceae	547	90
	紫茎泽兰Eupatorium adenophorum	菊科 Compositae	292	57
	石筋草 Pilea plataniflora	荨麻科 Urticaceae	170	40
	龙葵Solanum nigrum	茄科 Solanaceae	42	27
	一点红 Emilia sonchifolia	菊科 Compositae	39	31
	菊状千里光Senecio chrysanthemoides	菊科 Compositae	39	26
	粘毛香青Anaphalis bulleyana	菊科 Compositae	35	28
	过路黄 Lysimachia christinae	报春花科 Primulaceae	30	9
	细苔草 Carex sp.	莎草科 Cyperaceae	25	13
	小蓬Conyza canadensis	菊科 Compositae	22	20
	臭灵丹 Laggera pterodonta	菊科 Compositae	16	11
	菝葜一种Smilax sp.1	菝葜科 Smilacaceae	15	14
	竹叶草 Oplismenus compositus	禾本科 Gramineae	15	10
	鼠麴草 Gnaphalium affine	菊科 Compositae	14	12
	通泉草 Mazus pumilus	玄参科 Scrophulariaceae	13	2
	棉毛倒提壶Carpesium nepalense var. lanatum	菊科 Compositae	10	10
	其它草本 Other herbs (38)		139	1~8
灌木Shrubs	红梅消 Rubus parvifolius	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	237	63
	地石榴 Ficus tikoua	桑科 Moraceae	23	18
	竹叶椒 Zanthoxylum armatum	芸香科 Rutaceae	15	11
	其它灌木Other shrubs (3)		7	1~3
乔木Trees	大毛毛花Albizia mollis	苏木科 Caesalpiniaceae	42	17
	沙坝榕 Ficus chapaensis	桑科 Moraceae	14	14
	云南鹅耳枥Carpinus mobeigiana	榛科 Corylaceae	12	5
	其它乔木Other trees (4)		4	1

参考资料 References	样方大小 Size of samples	样方数量 Number of samples	取样面积 Sampling area	植物群落 Vegetation
熊利民等(1992)	100 cm×50 cm	5	25 000 cm²	亚热带常绿阔叶林演替系列Successional series of subtropical everygreen broad-leaved forest
彭军等(2000)	40 cm×25 cm	20	20 000 cm²	亚热带常绿阔叶林Subtropical everygreen broad-leaved forest
刘济明 (2000)	40 cm×25 cm	40	40 000 cm²	亚热带喀斯特森林 Subtropical Karst forest
刘济明等(2000)	50 cm×50 cm	20	50 000 cm²	亚热带常绿阔叶林Subtropical everygreen broad-leaved forest
杨小波等 (1999)	100 cm×50 cm	5	25 000 cm²	热带原生林、次生林、人工林、农地等 Primary forest, secondary forest, planted forest and agricultural land in tropical area
黄忠良等(1996)	1 m×1 m	4~10	4~10 m²	南亚热带森林不同演替阶段Successional series of southern subtropical everygreen broad-leaved forest
曹敏等 (1997)	10 cm×10 cm	20	2 000 cm²	热带森林 Tropical forest
沈有信和刘文耀(2004)	10 cm×10 cm	10~15	1 000~1 500 cm²	亚热带原生林、次生林、人工林、农地等 Primary forest, secondary forest, planted forest and agricultural land in sub-tropical area

参考资料 References	样方大小 Size of samples	样方数量 Number of samples	取样面积 Sampling area	植物群落 Vegetation
熊利民等(1992)	100 cm×50 cm	5	25 000 cm²	亚热带常绿阔叶林演替系列Successional series of subtropical everygreen broad-leaved forest
彭军等(2000)	40 cm×25 cm	20	20 000 cm²	亚热带常绿阔叶林Subtropical everygreen broad-leaved forest
刘济明 (2000)	40 cm×25 cm	40	40 000 cm²	亚热带喀斯特森林 Subtropical Karst forest
刘济明等(2000)	50 cm×50 cm	20	50 000 cm²	亚热带常绿阔叶林Subtropical everygreen broad-leaved forest
杨小波等 (1999)	100 cm×50 cm	5	25 000 cm²	热带原生林、次生林、人工林、农地等 Primary forest, secondary forest, planted forest and agricultural land in tropical area
黄忠良等(1996)	1 m×1 m	4~10	4~10 m²	南亚热带森林不同演替阶段Successional series of southern subtropical everygreen broad-leaved forest
曹敏等 (1997)	10 cm×10 cm	20	2 000 cm²	热带森林 Tropical forest
沈有信和刘文耀(2004)	10 cm×10 cm	10~15	1 000~1 500 cm²	亚热带原生林、次生林、人工林、农地等 Primary forest, secondary forest, planted forest and agricultural land in sub-tropical area