模拟酸雨对入侵植物豚草与伴生种鬼针草竞争关系的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0164

植物生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (8): 932-940.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0164

所属专题：入侵生态学

模拟酸雨对入侵植物豚草与伴生种鬼针草竞争关系的影响

柳牧青¹(), 杨小凤¹(), 石钰铭¹, 刘雨薇¹, 李小蒙²^,^**(), 廖万金¹

¹北京师范大学生命科学学院, 生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室, 北京 100875
²北京师范大学, 生命科学与技术国家级实验教学示范中心, 北京 100875

收稿日期:2022-04-25 接受日期:2022-05-05 出版日期:2022-08-20 发布日期:2022-08-20
通讯作者: **李小蒙 (xiaomengli@bnu.edu.cn)
作者简介:^*同等贡献
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31700326)

Effects of simulated acid rain on the competitive relationship between invasive Ambrosia artemisiifolia and its co-occurring indigenous forb Bidens bipinnata

LIU Mu-Qing¹(), YANG Xiao-Feng¹(), SHI Yu-Ming¹, LIU Yu-Wei¹, LI Xiao-Meng²^,^**(), LIAO Wan-Jin¹

¹MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
²National Demonstration Center for Experimental Life Sciences and Biotechnology Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

Received:2022-04-25 Accepted:2022-05-05 Online:2022-08-20 Published:2022-08-20
Contact: **LI Xiao-Meng (xiaomengli@bnu.edu.cn)
About author:Liu MQ, 201811200127@mail.bnu.edu.cn
Yang XF, 202131200049@mail.bnu.edu.cn
^*Contributed equally to this work
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31700326)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物种间相互作用对物种的生存至关重要。对于入侵植物而言, 更强的种间竞争能力是其成功入侵的重要机制。然而, 环境条件的变化可能会改变种间关系并影响植物入侵的最终结果。该研究主要探索当今严重的环境问题之一——酸雨对中国入侵植物豚草(Ambrosia artemisiifolia)和伴生本地种鬼针草(Bidens bipinnata)种间相互作用的影响, 进一步了解环境扰动对生物入侵的影响。该研究于2021年3月在北京师范大学室外条件下对豚草和鬼针草开展de Wit替代竞争实验, 并施加不同浓度的酸雨模拟溶液(pH = 3、4、5、7), 记录植株在第24、34、45天的株高以及生长季结束时的株高和地上生物量, 通过计算相对邻株效应指数(RNE)并绘制取代系列图表来评估两者的竞争关系。主要结果如下: 单一种植时, 中浓度酸雨(pH = 4)促进了豚草和鬼针草的早期生长, 而高浓度酸雨(pH = 3)显著抑制了两者的早期生长, 但不影响生长季结束时的株高。混合种植时, 高浓度酸雨(pH = 3)显著降低了豚草在第34、45天时的株高, 但在生长季结束时对豚草无影响, 而鬼针草在生长季结束时株高显著降低。鬼针草相对豚草的RNE在任何酸浓度下都不显著。而豚草相对鬼针草的RNE在无酸雨条件下显著, 酸雨处理时在鬼针草比例较低时显著。取代系列实验图表显示, 低浓度酸雨(pH = 5)增加了在低豚草比例下的鬼针草的竞争优势, 而高浓度酸雨增强了豚草的竞争优势。该研究表明酸雨显著影响了豚草和鬼针草的生长及种间竞争关系, 高浓度酸雨增加了入侵植物豚草的竞争优势。

关键词: 酸雨, 种间竞争, 环境干扰, 植物入侵, 豚草

Abstract:

Aims The interspecific interactions between plants are vital for species survival. For biological invaders, stronger competitive ability allows them to invade successfully when appearing with indigenous species, which is considered as an important mechanism underlying successful invasion. However, environmental changes may alter interspecific interactions, thus impacting invasion consequences. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of acid rain, which is a seriously environmental problem worldwide, on the interactions between a Chinese invader common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) and its accompanying indigenous forb (Bidens bipinnata) to further explore the role of an environmental disturbance in biological invasions.

Methods In March 2021, we performed a de Wit replacement competitive experiment with A. artemisiifolia and B. bipinnata at the campus of Beijing Normal University; meanwhile we also simulated acid rain through providing different concentrations of solutions (pH = 3, 4, 5, 7). Plant height after 24, 34, 45 days, final plant height, and aboveground biomass were determined for each individual plant. Relative neighbor effect (RNE) and replacement diagrams were used to estimate interspecific competition.

Important findings When the two species were planted separately, the medium level of an acid solution (pH = 4) promoted their early growth, and the high level of an acid solution (pH = 3) significantly inhibited their early growth but did not affect the final plant height. When grown together, the ragweed showed a decrease in plant height in the presence of the high level of an acid solution (pH = 3) after 34 and 45 days, but this negative effect disappeared at harvest. The plant height of bidens applied with the high level of an acid solution (pH = 3) decreased significantly at harvest compared with the control treatment. The RNE of bidens on ragweed was not significant under all the treatments, while the RNE of ragweed on bidens was significant without acid application or under the condition of acid treatments at a lower proportion of bidens. Replacement diagrams showed that the bidens had an advantage over ragweed when applied with the low level of an acid solution (pH = 5) at higher proportions, and the ragweed had an enhanced advantage over bidens when applied with the high level of an acid solution (pH = 3). Our study suggests that acid rain might affect the growth of ragweed and bidens as well as their interactions, and acid rain with low pH may boost the competitive advantage of invasive ragweed.

Key words: acid rain, interspecific competition, environmental disturbance, plant invasion, common ragweed

柳牧青, 杨小凤, 石钰铭, 刘雨薇, 李小蒙, 廖万金. 模拟酸雨对入侵植物豚草与伴生种鬼针草竞争关系的影响. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(8): 932-940. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0164

LIU Mu-Qing, YANG Xiao-Feng, SHI Yu-Ming, LIU Yu-Wei, LI Xiao-Meng, LIAO Wan-Jin. Effects of simulated acid rain on the competitive relationship between invasive Ambrosia artemisiifolia and its co-occurring indigenous forb Bidens bipinnata. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(8): 932-940. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0164

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0164

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I8/932

图/表 5

图1 竞争种之间的de Wit替代系列竞争实验设计图示。每盆植株总数为4株。

Fig. 1 The de Wit alternative series of competitive experiments. There were 4 plants in each pot.

图2 单栽时, 不同酸雨浓度水平下豚草和鬼针草的株高(平均值±标准差)。不同小写字母表示在不同酸雨水平下差异显著 (p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Plant height (mean ± SD) of Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Bidens bipinnata at different acid levels when planted separately. Different lowercase letters indicate a significant difference among acid levels (p < 0.05).

图3 不同浓度水平的酸雨处理时, 不同混栽比例下豚草和鬼针草的株高(平均值±标准差)。不同小写字母表示同一混栽比例在不同酸雨水平下差异显著(p < 0.05)。混栽比例代表自身植株数在整盆中的比例。

Fig. 3 Plant height (mean ± SD) of Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Bidens bipinnata at different proportions of plants under the treatments of different acid levels. Different lowercase letters indicate a significant difference in the same proportion among different acid levels (p < 0.05). A density ratio represents the ratio of the number of each species to the total number of plants in each pot.

图4 豚草和鬼针草在不同混栽比例下的相对邻株效应(RNE, 平均值±标准差)。不同小写字母表示同一混栽比例在不同酸雨水平下差异显著(p < 0.05)。混栽比例代表各物种植株数在整盆中的比例。*代表RNE值与0具有显著差异, p < 0.05。

Fig. 4 Relative neighbor effect (RNE, mean ± SD) of Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Bidens bipinnata at different proportions. Different lowercase letters indicate a significant difference in the same proportion at different acid levels (p < 0.05). A density ratio represents the ratio of the number of each species to the total number of plants in each pot. * represents a significant difference between the RNE value and 0, p < 0.05.

图5 不同酸雨水平下的取代系列实验图表。Ya和Yb分别代表豚草和鬼针草每盆的实际生物量; Yab代表两混栽物种的实际总生物量。EYa和EYb分别代表按照豚草占比应得的豚草和鬼针草每盆的预期生物量; EYab代表两混栽物种的预期总生物量。预期值是指理想状态下, 即种内竞争等于种间竞争的前提下, 每盆中某种植物应达到的生物量。

Fig. 5 Replacement diagrams at different acid levels. Ya and Yb represent actual biomass of Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Bidens bipinnata each pot. Yab represents actual total biomass of the two species. EYa and EYb represent the expected biomass of A. artemisiifolia and B. bipinnata per pot according to the proportion of A. artemisiifolia. EYab represents the expected total biomass of the two species. The expected value refers to the biomass that a certain plant should achieve in a mixed planting pot under ideal conditions where interspecific and intraspecific competitions are equal.

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模拟酸雨对入侵植物豚草与伴生种鬼针草竞争关系的影响

Effects of simulated acid rain on the competitive relationship between invasive Ambrosia artemisiifolia and its co-occurring indigenous forb Bidens bipinnata

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