植物生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (11): 1145-1153.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0052
胡朝臣1,2, 刘学炎1,3,*(), 类延宝4, 谭运洪5, 张鹏1, 董玉平3, 刘丛强1,3
收稿日期:
2016-01-29
接受日期:
2016-05-12
出版日期:
2016-11-10
发布日期:
2016-11-25
通讯作者:
刘学炎
基金资助:
Chao-Chen HU1,2, Xue-Yan LIU1,3,*(), Yan-Bao LEI4, Yun-Hong TAN5, Peng ZHANG1, Yu-Ping DONG3, Cong-Qiang LIU1,3
Received:
2016-01-29
Accepted:
2016-05-12
Online:
2016-11-10
Published:
2016-11-25
Contact:
Xue-Yan LIU
摘要:
诊断外来植物和本地种的资源利用方式是入侵生态学研究的热点问题。叶片氮(N)、磷(P)含量和化学计量特征可以反映受侵地区植物的N、P吸收能力和限制状况, 为把握外来植物的入侵能力、为本地植物共存或消失的机制提供基础科学依据。该研究以我国西南地区典型外来入侵植物(飞机草(Chromolaena odorata)、紫茎泽兰(又叫破坏草, Ageratina adenophora))及其共存的本地植物为对象, 探讨不同入侵条件下入侵种及其共存的本地植物的N、P利用策略。在云南西双版纳孔明山研究区, 调查了无入侵条件下和飞机草与紫茎泽兰的不同入侵程度(按入侵种生物量比例划分)下的物种数量和生物量, 分析了主要植物的叶片N、P含量和N:P值。结果显示: 尽管群落地上生物量随飞机草和紫茎泽兰入侵程度增加而增加, 但本地植物种数随飞机草和紫茎泽兰入侵程度增加而显著减少。飞机草与紫茎泽兰的叶片N、P平均含量无显著差异, 但均显著高于无入侵条件下的本地植物以及与其共存的本地植物。两种入侵植物的N、P含量均随它们所占样方总生物量的比例增大而升高, 本地植物N含量也有相似的变化趋势。当对比入侵和无入侵两类样方的同种植物N、P和N:P变化时发现多数本地种叶片P含量呈降低趋势, N含量和N:P呈升高趋势。根据叶片N、P绝对含量和N:P值及其随入侵的变化规律, 推测入侵可能提高了植物的N可利用性, 但本地植物仍然受N限制; 入侵植物N:P值总体小于10与其具有相对于N吸收的较高的P吸收能力有关。该研究揭示了西南典型外来入侵植物具有较强的N、P吸收富集能力。
胡朝臣, 刘学炎, 类延宝, 谭运洪, 张鹏, 董玉平, 刘丛强. 西双版纳外来入侵植物及其共存种叶片氮、磷化学计量特征. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(11): 1145-1153. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0052
Chao-Chen HU, Xue-Yan LIU, Yan-Bao LEI, Yun-Hong TAN, Peng ZHANG, Yu-Ping DONG, Cong-Qiang LIU. Foliar nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of alien invasive plants and co-occurring natives in Xishuangbanna. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(11): 1145-1153. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0052
科 Family | 无入侵样方本地植物(出现的样方数) Species in plots with no invasion (n) | 飞机草入侵样方本地 植物(出现的样方数) Native species in plots invaded by C. odorata (n) | 紫茎泽兰入侵样方本地植物 (出现的样方数) Native species in plots invaded by A. adenophora (n) |
---|---|---|---|
禾本科 Poaceae | 鼠尾粟 Sporobolus fertilis (3) | 鼠尾粟 Sporobolus fertilis (4) | 鼠尾粟 Sporobolus fertilis (2) |
两耳草 Paspalum conjugatum (3) | 两耳草 Paspalum conjugatum (4) | 两耳草 Paspalum conjugatum (4) | |
白茅 Imperata cylindrica (3) | 白茅 Imperata cylindrica (4) | 白茅 Imperata cylindrica (4) | |
圆果雀稗 Paspalum orbiculare (3) | 圆果雀稗 Paspalum orbiculare (1) | 圆果雀稗 Paspalum orbiculare (1) | |
硬秆子草 Capillipedium assimile (3) | 硬秆子草 Capillipedium assimile (2) | 硬秆子草 Capillipedium assimile (3) | |
五节芒 Miscanthus floridulus (3) | 五节芒 Miscanthus floridulus (1) | 五节芒 Miscanthus floridulus (2) | |
金丝草 Pogonatherum crinitum (2) | 金丝草 Pogonatherum crinitum (1) | 拔毒散 Sida szechuensis (1) | |
狗尾草 Setaria viridis (2) | 狗尾草 Setaria viridis (1) | ||
柳叶箬 Isachne globosa (1) | |||
大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 黑面神 Breynia fruticosa (3) | 黑面神 Breynia fruticosa (1) | 黑面神 Breynia fruticosa (1) |
艾橡树 Glochidion oblatum (2) | 艾橡树 Glochidion oblatum (1) | ||
叶下珠 Phyllanthus urinaria (1) | |||
豆科 Leguminosae | 假地豆 Desmodium heterocarpon (2) | 假地豆 Desmodium heterocarpon (3) | 假地豆 Desmodium heterocarpon (2) |
三点金 Desmodium triflorum (2) | 三点金 Desmodium triflorum (1) | 假木豆 Dendrolobium triangulare (1) | |
云南千斤拔 Flemingia wallichii (1) | 猪屎豆 Crotalaria pallida (1) | ||
茜草科 Rubiaceae | 水锦树 Wendlandia uvariifolia (2) | 水锦树 Wendlandia uvariifolia (1) | 水锦树 Wendlandia uvariifolia (1) |
松叶耳草 Hedyotis pinifolia (3) | 松叶耳草 Hedyotis pinifolia (2) | 松叶耳草 Hedyotis pinifolia (2) | |
耳草 Hedyotis auricularia (1) | |||
蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 龙芽草 Agrimonia pilosa (3) | 龙芽草 Agrimonia pilosa (2) | 龙芽草 Agrimonia pilosa (2) |
次蕨麻 Potentilla anserina (1) | |||
莎草科 Cyperaceae | 香附子 Cyperus rotundus (1) | 水蜈蚣 Kyllinga brevifolia (1) | 香附子 Cyperus rotundus (1) |
十字薹草 Carex cruciata (2) | 十字薹草 Carex cruciata (2) | ||
水蜈蚣 Kyllinga brevifolia (1) | |||
锦葵科 Malvaceae | 地桃花 Urena lobata (3) | 地桃花 Urena lobata (5) | 地桃花 Urena lobata (2) |
爵床科 Acanthaceae | 爵床 Rostellularia procumbens (3) | 爵床 Rostellularia procumbens (2) | 爵床 Rostellularia procumbens (2) |
野牡丹科 Melastomataceae | 多花野牡丹 Melastoma affine (3) | 多花野牡丹 Melastoma affine (2) | 多花野牡丹 Melastoma affine (2) |
菊科 Asteraceae | 地胆草 Elephantopus scaber (3) | 地胆草 Elephantopus scaber (3) | 地胆草 Elephantopus scaber (1) |
毛茛科 Ranunculaceae | 铁扫帚 Clematis hexapetala (2) | 铁扫帚 Clematis hexapetala (2) | |
荨麻科 Urticaceae | 糯米团 Memorialis hirta (1) | ||
唇形科 Labiatae | 大籽筋骨草 Ajuga macrosperma (1) | ||
椴树科 Tiliaceae | 刺蒴麻 Triumfetta rhomboidea (1) | ||
百合科 Liliaceae | 野百合 Crotalaria sessiliflora (1) |
表1 云南西双版纳孔明山无入侵(3个重复样方)、飞机草(6个样方)和紫茎泽兰(6个样方)入侵样地本地植物种
Table 1 Native plant species across the study plots with no invasion (n = 3), invaded by Chromolaena odorata (n = 6) and Ageratina adenophora (n = 6), respectively, at Mt. Kongming in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China
科 Family | 无入侵样方本地植物(出现的样方数) Species in plots with no invasion (n) | 飞机草入侵样方本地 植物(出现的样方数) Native species in plots invaded by C. odorata (n) | 紫茎泽兰入侵样方本地植物 (出现的样方数) Native species in plots invaded by A. adenophora (n) |
---|---|---|---|
禾本科 Poaceae | 鼠尾粟 Sporobolus fertilis (3) | 鼠尾粟 Sporobolus fertilis (4) | 鼠尾粟 Sporobolus fertilis (2) |
两耳草 Paspalum conjugatum (3) | 两耳草 Paspalum conjugatum (4) | 两耳草 Paspalum conjugatum (4) | |
白茅 Imperata cylindrica (3) | 白茅 Imperata cylindrica (4) | 白茅 Imperata cylindrica (4) | |
圆果雀稗 Paspalum orbiculare (3) | 圆果雀稗 Paspalum orbiculare (1) | 圆果雀稗 Paspalum orbiculare (1) | |
硬秆子草 Capillipedium assimile (3) | 硬秆子草 Capillipedium assimile (2) | 硬秆子草 Capillipedium assimile (3) | |
五节芒 Miscanthus floridulus (3) | 五节芒 Miscanthus floridulus (1) | 五节芒 Miscanthus floridulus (2) | |
金丝草 Pogonatherum crinitum (2) | 金丝草 Pogonatherum crinitum (1) | 拔毒散 Sida szechuensis (1) | |
狗尾草 Setaria viridis (2) | 狗尾草 Setaria viridis (1) | ||
柳叶箬 Isachne globosa (1) | |||
大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 黑面神 Breynia fruticosa (3) | 黑面神 Breynia fruticosa (1) | 黑面神 Breynia fruticosa (1) |
艾橡树 Glochidion oblatum (2) | 艾橡树 Glochidion oblatum (1) | ||
叶下珠 Phyllanthus urinaria (1) | |||
豆科 Leguminosae | 假地豆 Desmodium heterocarpon (2) | 假地豆 Desmodium heterocarpon (3) | 假地豆 Desmodium heterocarpon (2) |
三点金 Desmodium triflorum (2) | 三点金 Desmodium triflorum (1) | 假木豆 Dendrolobium triangulare (1) | |
云南千斤拔 Flemingia wallichii (1) | 猪屎豆 Crotalaria pallida (1) | ||
茜草科 Rubiaceae | 水锦树 Wendlandia uvariifolia (2) | 水锦树 Wendlandia uvariifolia (1) | 水锦树 Wendlandia uvariifolia (1) |
松叶耳草 Hedyotis pinifolia (3) | 松叶耳草 Hedyotis pinifolia (2) | 松叶耳草 Hedyotis pinifolia (2) | |
耳草 Hedyotis auricularia (1) | |||
蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 龙芽草 Agrimonia pilosa (3) | 龙芽草 Agrimonia pilosa (2) | 龙芽草 Agrimonia pilosa (2) |
次蕨麻 Potentilla anserina (1) | |||
莎草科 Cyperaceae | 香附子 Cyperus rotundus (1) | 水蜈蚣 Kyllinga brevifolia (1) | 香附子 Cyperus rotundus (1) |
十字薹草 Carex cruciata (2) | 十字薹草 Carex cruciata (2) | ||
水蜈蚣 Kyllinga brevifolia (1) | |||
锦葵科 Malvaceae | 地桃花 Urena lobata (3) | 地桃花 Urena lobata (5) | 地桃花 Urena lobata (2) |
爵床科 Acanthaceae | 爵床 Rostellularia procumbens (3) | 爵床 Rostellularia procumbens (2) | 爵床 Rostellularia procumbens (2) |
野牡丹科 Melastomataceae | 多花野牡丹 Melastoma affine (3) | 多花野牡丹 Melastoma affine (2) | 多花野牡丹 Melastoma affine (2) |
菊科 Asteraceae | 地胆草 Elephantopus scaber (3) | 地胆草 Elephantopus scaber (3) | 地胆草 Elephantopus scaber (1) |
毛茛科 Ranunculaceae | 铁扫帚 Clematis hexapetala (2) | 铁扫帚 Clematis hexapetala (2) | |
荨麻科 Urticaceae | 糯米团 Memorialis hirta (1) | ||
唇形科 Labiatae | 大籽筋骨草 Ajuga macrosperma (1) | ||
椴树科 Tiliaceae | 刺蒴麻 Triumfetta rhomboidea (1) | ||
百合科 Liliaceae | 野百合 Crotalaria sessiliflora (1) |
图1 单个样方内植物种数(A)、地上生物量(B, C)随入侵植物生物量占比的变化。
Fig. 1 Variations of plot-based species number (A), community aboveground biomass and native plants aboveground biomass (B, C) with the biomass percentage of alien invasive plants in total community.
无入侵样方 No invasion plot | 飞机草入侵样方 Chromolaena odorata invasion plot | 紫茎泽兰入侵样方 Ageratina adenophora invasion plot | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
本地植物 Native plant (n = 52) | 飞机草 C. odorata (n = 6) | 本地植物 Native plant (n = 40) | 紫茎泽兰 A. adenophora (n = 6) | 本地植物 Native plant (n = 36) | |||
氮含量 N concentration (%) | 1.1 ± 0.4a | 2.4 ± 0.3b | 1.2 ± 0.5a | 2.3 ± 0.3b | 1.2 ± 0.6a | ||
磷含量 P concentration (%) | 0.18 ± 0.10a | 0.33 ± 0.11b | 0.12 ± 0.09a | 0.24 ± 0.08b | 0.14 ± 0.11a | ||
氮磷比值 N:P value | 7.0 ± 3.5a | 8.3 ± 2.3a | 10.4 ± 4.9a | 10.4 ± 2.7a | 9.5 ± 4.8a |
表2 无入侵和入侵条件下入侵植物与本地植物的叶片N含量、P含量、N:P (平均值±标准偏差)(不同字母a或b表示差异显著)
Table 2 Leaf N and P concentration, N:P values (mean ± SD) of native and invasive plants under invasion and no invasion (values of each parameter with different letter a or b differ significantly from each other)
无入侵样方 No invasion plot | 飞机草入侵样方 Chromolaena odorata invasion plot | 紫茎泽兰入侵样方 Ageratina adenophora invasion plot | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
本地植物 Native plant (n = 52) | 飞机草 C. odorata (n = 6) | 本地植物 Native plant (n = 40) | 紫茎泽兰 A. adenophora (n = 6) | 本地植物 Native plant (n = 36) | |||
氮含量 N concentration (%) | 1.1 ± 0.4a | 2.4 ± 0.3b | 1.2 ± 0.5a | 2.3 ± 0.3b | 1.2 ± 0.6a | ||
磷含量 P concentration (%) | 0.18 ± 0.10a | 0.33 ± 0.11b | 0.12 ± 0.09a | 0.24 ± 0.08b | 0.14 ± 0.11a | ||
氮磷比值 N:P value | 7.0 ± 3.5a | 8.3 ± 2.3a | 10.4 ± 4.9a | 10.4 ± 2.7a | 9.5 ± 4.8a |
图2 本地植物和外来入侵植物叶片N (A)、P含量(B)、N:P (C)值随入侵植物生物量占比的变化(平均值±标准偏差)。
Fig. 2 Variations of plot-based leaf N (A), P (B), N:P (C) in invasive and native plants with the biomass percentage of invasive plants in total community (mean ± SD).
图3 入侵样方相对于无入侵样方同种本地植物的叶片N、P含量、N:P值平均差异(误差线代表标准偏差)。灰柱代表共存种中N含量、P含量、N:P升高, 而黑柱代表降低, n表示增加和降低的物种数。
Fig. 3 Differences of leaf N and P concentration, N:P values in the same native plants between non-invasion and invasion plots, respectively (Error bars represent SD). The gray and black columns denote increases and decreases in N, P contents or N:P in co-occuring plants, respectively, n denotes species number with increases or decreases in N, P, N:P, respectively.
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