西双版纳外来入侵植物及其共存种叶片氮、磷化学计量特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0052

植物生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (11): 1145-1153.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0052

所属专题：入侵生态学专辑；生态化学计量

西双版纳外来入侵植物及其共存种叶片氮、磷化学计量特征

胡朝臣^1,², 刘学炎^1,^3,^*(), 类延宝⁴, 谭运洪⁵, 张鹏¹, 董玉平³, 刘丛强^1,³

¹中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室, 贵阳 550081
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
³天津大学表层地球系统科学研究院, 天津 300072
⁴中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所, 成都 610041
⁵中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园, 云南西双版纳 666303

收稿日期:2016-01-29 接受日期:2016-05-12 出版日期:2016-11-10 发布日期:2016-11-25
通讯作者: 刘学炎
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFA0600802)和国家自然科学基金(41473081、41522301和3137- 0607)

Foliar nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of alien invasive plants and co-occurring natives in Xishuangbanna

Chao-Chen HU^1,², Xue-Yan LIU^1,^3,^*(), Yan-Bao LEI⁴, Yun-Hong TAN⁵, Peng ZHANG¹, Yu-Ping DONG³, Cong-Qiang LIU^1,³

¹State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China

²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

³Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

⁴Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
and
⁵Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan 666303, China

Received:2016-01-29 Accepted:2016-05-12 Online:2016-11-10 Published:2016-11-25
Contact: Xue-Yan LIU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

诊断外来植物和本地种的资源利用方式是入侵生态学研究的热点问题。叶片氮(N)、磷(P)含量和化学计量特征可以反映受侵地区植物的N、P吸收能力和限制状况, 为把握外来植物的入侵能力、为本地植物共存或消失的机制提供基础科学依据。该研究以我国西南地区典型外来入侵植物(飞机草(Chromolaena odorata)、紫茎泽兰(又叫破坏草, Ageratina adenophora))及其共存的本地植物为对象, 探讨不同入侵条件下入侵种及其共存的本地植物的N、P利用策略。在云南西双版纳孔明山研究区, 调查了无入侵条件下和飞机草与紫茎泽兰的不同入侵程度(按入侵种生物量比例划分)下的物种数量和生物量, 分析了主要植物的叶片N、P含量和N:P值。结果显示: 尽管群落地上生物量随飞机草和紫茎泽兰入侵程度增加而增加, 但本地植物种数随飞机草和紫茎泽兰入侵程度增加而显著减少。飞机草与紫茎泽兰的叶片N、P平均含量无显著差异, 但均显著高于无入侵条件下的本地植物以及与其共存的本地植物。两种入侵植物的N、P含量均随它们所占样方总生物量的比例增大而升高, 本地植物N含量也有相似的变化趋势。当对比入侵和无入侵两类样方的同种植物N、P和N:P变化时发现多数本地种叶片P含量呈降低趋势, N含量和N:P呈升高趋势。根据叶片N、P绝对含量和N:P值及其随入侵的变化规律, 推测入侵可能提高了植物的N可利用性, 但本地植物仍然受N限制; 入侵植物N:P值总体小于10与其具有相对于N吸收的较高的P吸收能力有关。该研究揭示了西南典型外来入侵植物具有较强的N、P吸收富集能力。

关键词: 植物入侵, 氮磷比, 生态化学计量学, 紫茎泽兰, 飞机草

Abstract:

Aims How alien invasive plants and co-occurring native plants utilize nutrients is one of major issues in invasion ecology. Foliar nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents and stoichiometry can elucidate the uptake ability and limitation status of nutrients in plants, which provides basic knowledge for understanding the invading ability and co-occurrence or disappearance of plants.
Methods Based on typical alien invasive plants (Chromolaena odorata, Ageratina adenophora) and native plants in southwestern China, this study focused on strategies of N and P utilization among invasive plants and native plants under different invasion conditions. The species compositions, aboveground biomass, leaf N and P contents and leaf N:P were investigated for plants in plots with no invasion and with different invasion extents (estimated by the plot-based percentage of invaders’ biomass in total community) at Mt. Kongming in Xishuangbanna region, Yunnan Province, China.
Important findings The species number decreased significantly with the invasion extent of both C. odorata and A. adenophora, although the aboveground biomass was greatly enhanced. Leaf N and P contents did not differ between the two studied invaders, but they showed significantly higher N and P levels than both co-occurring and only native species (p < 0.05). Besides, leaf N and P contents of invaders increased with the invasion extent, and leaf N of native plants also showed an increasing trend with the invasion extent. When the influence of invasion was checked for the same species, leaf P contents decreased, whereas leaf N and N:P increased for most native plants under invasion. Based on the absolute foliar N and P contents, N:P values, we inferred that native plants were still limited by N, although N availability might be enhanced by invasion. Both invasive plants had leaf N:P values lower than 10, suggesting a higher P uptake relative to N uptake. All above results highlighted a higher N and P uptake of typical alien invasive plants in southwestern China.

Key words: plant invasion, nitrogen:phosphorus, ecological stoichiometry, Chromolaena odorata, Ageratina adenophora

胡朝臣, 刘学炎, 类延宝, 谭运洪, 张鹏, 董玉平, 刘丛强. 西双版纳外来入侵植物及其共存种叶片氮、磷化学计量特征. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(11): 1145-1153. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0052

Chao-Chen HU, Xue-Yan LIU, Yan-Bao LEI, Yun-Hong TAN, Peng ZHANG, Yu-Ping DONG, Cong-Qiang LIU. Foliar nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of alien invasive plants and co-occurring natives in Xishuangbanna. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(11): 1145-1153. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0052

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图/表 5

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科 Family	无入侵样方本地植物(出现的样方数) Species in plots with no invasion (n)	飞机草入侵样方本地植物(出现的样方数) Native species in plots invaded by C. odorata (n)	紫茎泽兰入侵样方本地植物 (出现的样方数) Native species in plots invaded by A. adenophora (n)
禾本科 Poaceae	鼠尾粟 Sporobolus fertilis (3)	鼠尾粟 Sporobolus fertilis (4)	鼠尾粟 Sporobolus fertilis (2)
	两耳草 Paspalum conjugatum (3)	两耳草 Paspalum conjugatum (4)	两耳草 Paspalum conjugatum (4)
	白茅 Imperata cylindrica (3)	白茅 Imperata cylindrica (4)	白茅 Imperata cylindrica (4)
	圆果雀稗 Paspalum orbiculare (3)	圆果雀稗 Paspalum orbiculare (1)	圆果雀稗 Paspalum orbiculare (1)
	硬秆子草 Capillipedium assimile (3)	硬秆子草 Capillipedium assimile (2)	硬秆子草 Capillipedium assimile (3)
	五节芒 Miscanthus floridulus (3)	五节芒 Miscanthus floridulus (1)	五节芒 Miscanthus floridulus (2)
	金丝草 Pogonatherum crinitum (2)	金丝草 Pogonatherum crinitum (1)	拔毒散 Sida szechuensis (1)
	狗尾草 Setaria viridis (2)	狗尾草 Setaria viridis (1)
		柳叶箬 Isachne globosa (1)
大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	黑面神 Breynia fruticosa (3)	黑面神 Breynia fruticosa (1)	黑面神 Breynia fruticosa (1)
	艾橡树 Glochidion oblatum (2)		艾橡树 Glochidion oblatum (1)
	叶下珠 Phyllanthus urinaria (1)
豆科 Leguminosae	假地豆 Desmodium heterocarpon (2)	假地豆 Desmodium heterocarpon (3)	假地豆 Desmodium heterocarpon (2)
	三点金 Desmodium triflorum (2)	三点金 Desmodium triflorum (1)	假木豆 Dendrolobium triangulare (1)
	云南千斤拔 Flemingia wallichii (1)		猪屎豆 Crotalaria pallida (1)
茜草科 Rubiaceae	水锦树 Wendlandia uvariifolia (2)	水锦树 Wendlandia uvariifolia (1)	水锦树 Wendlandia uvariifolia (1)
	松叶耳草 Hedyotis pinifolia (3)	松叶耳草 Hedyotis pinifolia (2)	松叶耳草 Hedyotis pinifolia (2)
	耳草 Hedyotis auricularia (1)
蔷薇科 Rosaceae	龙芽草 Agrimonia pilosa (3)	龙芽草 Agrimonia pilosa (2)	龙芽草 Agrimonia pilosa (2)
蔷薇科 Rosaceae	次蕨麻 Potentilla anserina (1)
莎草科 Cyperaceae	香附子 Cyperus rotundus (1)	水蜈蚣 Kyllinga brevifolia (1)	香附子 Cyperus rotundus (1)
	十字薹草 Carex cruciata (2)		十字薹草 Carex cruciata (2)
			水蜈蚣 Kyllinga brevifolia (1)
锦葵科 Malvaceae	地桃花 Urena lobata (3)	地桃花 Urena lobata (5)	地桃花 Urena lobata (2)
爵床科 Acanthaceae	爵床 Rostellularia procumbens (3)	爵床 Rostellularia procumbens (2)	爵床 Rostellularia procumbens (2)
野牡丹科 Melastomataceae	多花野牡丹 Melastoma affine (3)	多花野牡丹 Melastoma affine (2)	多花野牡丹 Melastoma affine (2)
菊科 Asteraceae	地胆草 Elephantopus scaber (3)	地胆草 Elephantopus scaber (3)	地胆草 Elephantopus scaber (1)
毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	铁扫帚 Clematis hexapetala (2)	铁扫帚 Clematis hexapetala (2)
荨麻科 Urticaceae	糯米团 Memorialis hirta (1)
唇形科 Labiatae	大籽筋骨草 Ajuga macrosperma (1)
椴树科 Tiliaceae	刺蒴麻 Triumfetta rhomboidea (1)
百合科 Liliaceae	野百合 Crotalaria sessiliflora (1)

科 Family	无入侵样方本地植物(出现的样方数) Species in plots with no invasion (n)	飞机草入侵样方本地植物(出现的样方数) Native species in plots invaded by C. odorata (n)	紫茎泽兰入侵样方本地植物 (出现的样方数) Native species in plots invaded by A. adenophora (n)
禾本科 Poaceae	鼠尾粟 Sporobolus fertilis (3)	鼠尾粟 Sporobolus fertilis (4)	鼠尾粟 Sporobolus fertilis (2)
	两耳草 Paspalum conjugatum (3)	两耳草 Paspalum conjugatum (4)	两耳草 Paspalum conjugatum (4)
	白茅 Imperata cylindrica (3)	白茅 Imperata cylindrica (4)	白茅 Imperata cylindrica (4)
	圆果雀稗 Paspalum orbiculare (3)	圆果雀稗 Paspalum orbiculare (1)	圆果雀稗 Paspalum orbiculare (1)
	硬秆子草 Capillipedium assimile (3)	硬秆子草 Capillipedium assimile (2)	硬秆子草 Capillipedium assimile (3)
	五节芒 Miscanthus floridulus (3)	五节芒 Miscanthus floridulus (1)	五节芒 Miscanthus floridulus (2)
	金丝草 Pogonatherum crinitum (2)	金丝草 Pogonatherum crinitum (1)	拔毒散 Sida szechuensis (1)
	狗尾草 Setaria viridis (2)	狗尾草 Setaria viridis (1)
		柳叶箬 Isachne globosa (1)
大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	黑面神 Breynia fruticosa (3)	黑面神 Breynia fruticosa (1)	黑面神 Breynia fruticosa (1)
	艾橡树 Glochidion oblatum (2)		艾橡树 Glochidion oblatum (1)
	叶下珠 Phyllanthus urinaria (1)
豆科 Leguminosae	假地豆 Desmodium heterocarpon (2)	假地豆 Desmodium heterocarpon (3)	假地豆 Desmodium heterocarpon (2)
	三点金 Desmodium triflorum (2)	三点金 Desmodium triflorum (1)	假木豆 Dendrolobium triangulare (1)
	云南千斤拔 Flemingia wallichii (1)		猪屎豆 Crotalaria pallida (1)
茜草科 Rubiaceae	水锦树 Wendlandia uvariifolia (2)	水锦树 Wendlandia uvariifolia (1)	水锦树 Wendlandia uvariifolia (1)
	松叶耳草 Hedyotis pinifolia (3)	松叶耳草 Hedyotis pinifolia (2)	松叶耳草 Hedyotis pinifolia (2)
	耳草 Hedyotis auricularia (1)
蔷薇科 Rosaceae	龙芽草 Agrimonia pilosa (3)	龙芽草 Agrimonia pilosa (2)	龙芽草 Agrimonia pilosa (2)
蔷薇科 Rosaceae	次蕨麻 Potentilla anserina (1)
莎草科 Cyperaceae	香附子 Cyperus rotundus (1)	水蜈蚣 Kyllinga brevifolia (1)	香附子 Cyperus rotundus (1)
	十字薹草 Carex cruciata (2)		十字薹草 Carex cruciata (2)
			水蜈蚣 Kyllinga brevifolia (1)
锦葵科 Malvaceae	地桃花 Urena lobata (3)	地桃花 Urena lobata (5)	地桃花 Urena lobata (2)
爵床科 Acanthaceae	爵床 Rostellularia procumbens (3)	爵床 Rostellularia procumbens (2)	爵床 Rostellularia procumbens (2)
野牡丹科 Melastomataceae	多花野牡丹 Melastoma affine (3)	多花野牡丹 Melastoma affine (2)	多花野牡丹 Melastoma affine (2)
菊科 Asteraceae	地胆草 Elephantopus scaber (3)	地胆草 Elephantopus scaber (3)	地胆草 Elephantopus scaber (1)
毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	铁扫帚 Clematis hexapetala (2)	铁扫帚 Clematis hexapetala (2)
荨麻科 Urticaceae	糯米团 Memorialis hirta (1)
唇形科 Labiatae	大籽筋骨草 Ajuga macrosperma (1)
椴树科 Tiliaceae	刺蒴麻 Triumfetta rhomboidea (1)
百合科 Liliaceae	野百合 Crotalaria sessiliflora (1)

	无入侵样方 No invasion plot	飞机草入侵样方 Chromolaena odorata invasion plot		紫茎泽兰入侵样方 Ageratina adenophora invasion plot
	本地植物 Native plant (n = 52)	飞机草 C. odorata (n = 6)	本地植物 Native plant (n = 40)	紫茎泽兰 A. adenophora (n = 6)	本地植物 Native plant (n = 36)
氮含量 N concentration (%)	1.1 ± 0.4^a	2.4 ± 0.3^b	1.2 ± 0.5^a	2.3 ± 0.3^b	1.2 ± 0.6^a
磷含量 P concentration (%)	0.18 ± 0.10^a	0.33 ± 0.11^b	0.12 ± 0.09^a	0.24 ± 0.08^b	0.14 ± 0.11^a
氮磷比值 N:P value	7.0 ± 3.5^a	8.3 ± 2.3^a	10.4 ± 4.9^a	10.4 ± 2.7^a	9.5 ± 4.8^a

	无入侵样方 No invasion plot	飞机草入侵样方 Chromolaena odorata invasion plot		紫茎泽兰入侵样方 Ageratina adenophora invasion plot
	本地植物 Native plant (n = 52)	飞机草 C. odorata (n = 6)	本地植物 Native plant (n = 40)	紫茎泽兰 A. adenophora (n = 6)	本地植物 Native plant (n = 36)
氮含量 N concentration (%)	1.1 ± 0.4^a	2.4 ± 0.3^b	1.2 ± 0.5^a	2.3 ± 0.3^b	1.2 ± 0.6^a
磷含量 P concentration (%)	0.18 ± 0.10^a	0.33 ± 0.11^b	0.12 ± 0.09^a	0.24 ± 0.08^b	0.14 ± 0.11^a
氮磷比值 N:P value	7.0 ± 3.5^a	8.3 ± 2.3^a	10.4 ± 4.9^a	10.4 ± 2.7^a	9.5 ± 4.8^a

西双版纳外来入侵植物及其共存种叶片氮、磷化学计量特征

Foliar nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of alien invasive plants and co-occurring natives in Xishuangbanna

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