闽江河口互花米草残体异位分解及磷养分释放特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0489

植物生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (7): 844-857.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0489 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2022.0489

闽江河口互花米草残体异位分解及磷养分释放特征

王晓颖¹^,²^,⁵, 孙志高¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 陈冰冰¹^,⁴, 武慧慧¹^,², 张党玉¹^,²

¹福建师范大学福建省亚热带资源与环境重点实验室, 福州 350007
²福建师范大学湿润亚热带生态地理过程教育部重点实验室, 福州 350007
³福建闽江河口湿地生态系统国家定位观测研究站(国家林业和草原局), 福州 350215
⁴枣庄学院旅游与资源环境学院, 山东枣庄 277000
⁵四川省崇州市蜀城中学, 四川崇州 611230

收稿日期:2022-12-05 接受日期:2023-08-03 出版日期:2024-07-20 发布日期:2023-08-31
通讯作者: * 孙志高(zhigaosun@163.com)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42371105);国家自然科学基金(41971128);福建省自然科学基金(2023J02012);福建省“闽江学者奖励计划”项目

Ex situ decomposition and phosphorus release characteristics of Spartina alterniflora litter in Minjiang estuary

WANG Xiao-Ying¹^,²^,⁵, SUN Zhi-Gao¹^,²^,³^,^*(), CHEN Bing-Bing¹^,⁴, WU Hui-Hui¹^,², ZHANG Dang-Yu¹^,²

¹Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007
²Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco˗geographical Process (Fujian Normal University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350007
³Wetland Ecosystem Research Station of Minjiang Estuary, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350215
⁴College of Tourism, Resources and Environment, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277000
⁵Shucheng Middle School of Chongzhou of Sichuan Province, Chongzhou, Sichuan 611230

Received:2022-12-05 Accepted:2023-08-03 Online:2024-07-20 Published:2023-08-31
Contact: * SUN Zhi-Gao(zhigaosun@163.com)
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42371105);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971128);Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2023J02012);Award Program for Minjiang Scholar in Fujian Province

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

潮汐涨落导致的植物残体异位分解是河口湿地最常见的分解方式, 研究分解环境变化下残体的分解及其养分释放对深入了解河口湿地养分循环具有重要意义。为此, 2021年3-12月, 在闽江河口互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)分布区, 以自然环境梯度作为分解环境变化研究的替代系统, 由陆向海方向布设入侵7年的互花米草湿地(M7, 残体记为L7)、新近入侵1年的互花米草湿地(M1, 残体记为L1)以及入侵前的光滩(BF) 3个分解样地, 采用分解袋法模拟研究了分解环境变化对不同入侵年限互花米草残体(L7和L1)分解及磷养分释放的影响。结果表明, 分解环境变化可对残体分解速率产生显著影响。L7在M1和BF环境中的分解相比其在原来环境中(M7)更快, 而L1在M7和BF环境中的分解相比其在原来环境中(M1)更慢。分解环境变化导致的L7或L1分解速率的改变一方面取决于分解环境中关键环境因子(温度和pH)的变化, 另一方面与分解环境变化导致的残体质量(碳氮比和氮磷比)发生改变有关。相较于原分解环境, 分解环境的变化导致L7的总磷(TP)含量整体增加, 而L1的TP含量降低, 但二者TP含量均在M1分解环境中最高。残留率是影响不同分解环境下残体TP含量变化的共性因素, 而分解环境变化引起的主要环境因子(电导率)和残体质量改变是导致TP含量存在差异的重要原因。不同分解环境下L7和L1的磷养分在分解期间均表现为不同程度的净释放。研究发现, L7和L1的分解速率及磷养分释放量均在M1分解环境中较高, 说明残体在该分解环境中的磷养分归还速率可能更快, 而这有利于提高对新近入侵互花米草的磷养分的供给能力。

关键词: 残体分解, 异位分解, 磷, 互花米草, 河口湿地, 养分循环

Abstract:

Aims The ex situ decomposition of litter caused by tidal fluctuations is the most common decomposition approach in estuarine marshes. Exploring the effects of environmental variation on litter decomposition and nutrient release is of great significance for understanding nutrient cycling in estuaries.
Methods From March to December 2021, the natural environmental gradient in Spartina alterniflora distribution area in the Minjiang estuary was applied to simulate changes in decomposition environment. Three decomposition sub-zones including S. alterniflora marsh (M7, litter was denoted by L7) after seaward invasion for seven years, S. alterniflora marsh (M1, litter was denoted by L1) after seaward invasion for one year, and bare flat (BF) before invasion were laid in a seaward direction; and the potential effects of simulated environmental variation on the decomposition and phosphorus (P) release of S. alterniflora litter (L7 and L1) with different invasion years were investigated by using the litter bag method.
Important findings The change in environment could significantly affect the decomposition rate of S. alterniflora litter. The L7 in the M1 and BF environments decomposed faster than that in its original environment (M7), while the L1 in the M7 and BF environments decomposed slower than that in its original environment (M1). The variation in decomposition rate of L7 or L1 with the changing decomposition environments not only depended on the variations in the key environmental factors (temperature and pH) but also rested on the great alterations in litter quality (carbon/nitrogen and nitrogen/phosphorus ratios). Compared to the original decomposition environment, changes in the decomposition environment increased the concentration of total phosphorus (TP) in L7 generally increased while those in L1 decreased as a whole. It should be noted that the TP concentrations in L7 and L1 reached the highest values in the M1. The remaining dry mass was the common factor affecting the variations of TP in litter under different decomposition environments, while the alterations of the key environmental factor (electrical conductivity) and litter quality associated with decomposition environment changes were the primary drivers in inducing the differences of TP concentrations in different decomposition sub-zones. Stocks of P in decaying litter in different sub-zones generally showed the transfer from litter to the surroundings. This study found that both the decomposition rate and the amounts of P released from L7 and L1 were much higher in the M1, indicating that the P return rate in the M1 might be faster and this was favorable for elevating the P availability for the newly invaded S. alterniflora.

Key words: litter decomposition, ex situ decomposition, phosphorus, Spartina alterniflora, estuary wetland, nutrient cycling

王晓颖, 孙志高, 陈冰冰, 武慧慧, 张党玉. 闽江河口互花米草残体异位分解及磷养分释放特征. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(7): 844-857. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0489

WANG Xiao-Ying, SUN Zhi-Gao, CHEN Bing-Bing, WU Hui-Hui, ZHANG Dang-Yu. Ex situ decomposition and phosphorus release characteristics of Spartina alterniflora litter in Minjiang estuary. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(7): 844-857. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0489

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I7/844

图/表 10

表1 闽江河口互花米草两种残体的初始质量(平均值±标准差)

Table 1 Initial quality of the two litter of Spartina alterniflora in Minjiang estuary (mean ± SD)

残体类型 Litter type	总碳(C)含量 Total carbon (C) concentration (mg·g^-1)	总氮(N)含量 Total nitrogen (N) concentration (mg·g^-1)	总磷(P)含量 Total phosphorus (P) concentration (mg·g^-1)	C:N	C:P	N:P
L7	41.59 ± 0.22^a	3.83 ± 0.24^b	0.59 ± 0.01^b	109.03 ± 7.31^a	709.46 ± 5.57^a	6.53 ± 0.44^b
L1	38.75 ± 0.02^b	11.05 ± 0.12^a	1.11 ± 0.01^a	35.08 ± 0.38^b	349.58 ± 1.59^b	9.97 ± 0.09^a

图1 分解期间闽江河口不同分解环境表层土壤的环境因子变化(平均值±标准差)。BF, 入侵前的光滩(n = 30); M1, 入侵1年的互花米草湿地(n = 27); M7, 入侵7年的互花米草湿地(n = 30)。不同小写字母表示不同分解环境下差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Variations of environmental factors in topsoil in different decomposition environments in Minjiang estuary during decomposition (mean ± SD). BF, bare flat (n = 30); M1, Spartina alterniflora marsh after seaward invasion for one years (n = 27); M7, S. alterniflora marsh after seaward invasion for seven years (n = 30). Different lowercase letters indicated significant difference among decomposition environments at 0.05 level.

图2 闽江河口不同分解环境下互花米草残体残留率变化(平均值±标准差)。BF, 入侵前的光滩; L1, 入侵1年的互花米草残体; L7, 入侵7年的互花米草残体; M1, 入侵1年的互花米草湿地; M7, 入侵7年的互花米草湿地。不同大写字母表示相同残体在不同分解环境间差异显著(p < 0.05); 不同小写字母表示相同分解环境不同残体间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Variations of dry mass remaining of litter of Spartina alterniflora in different decomposition environments in Minjiang estuary (mean ± SD). BF, bare flat; L1, litter of S. alterniflora after seaward invasion for one year; L7, litter of S. alterniflora after seaward invasion for seven years; M1, S. alterniflora marsh after seaward invasion for one years; M7, S. alterniflora marsh after seaward invasion for seven years. Different uppercase letters indicated significant difference for the same litter among different decomposition environments (p < 0.05); different lowercase letters indicated significant difference among litter in same decomposition environment (p < 0.05).

表2 闽江河口不同分解环境下互花米草残体残留率自然对数(y)与分解时间(t)的回归方程及其相应参数

Table 2 Linear equations and parameters between the natural logarithm (y) of remaining mass of Spartina alterniflora and decomposition days (t) in different decomposition environments in Minjiang estuary

残体类型 Litter type	分解环境 Decomposition environment	回归方程 Regression equation	分解速率 Decomposition rate (d^-1)	R²	p	t_0.95(a)
L7	M7	y = -0.00673t + 0.09225	0.006 73	0.963 05	<0.01	1.26
	M1	y = -0.00868t + 0.01048	0.008 68	0.989 24	<0.01	0.95
	BF	y = -0.00693t - 0.00377	0.006 93	0.967 82	<0.01	1.18
L1	M7	y = -0.01065t + 0.04498	0.010 65	0.982 85	<0.01	0.78
	M1	y = -0.01711t + 0.03173	0.017 11	0.931 51	<0.01	0.48
	BF	y = -0.00628t - 0.12914	0.006 28	0.933 01	<0.01	1.25

表3 闽江河口两种互花米草残体主要指标的重复测量方差分析

Table 3 Repeated measurements analysis of variance for the key parameters of the two litter of Spartina alterniflora in Minjiang estuary

残体类型 Litter type	变异来源 Source of variation	残留率 Percent of dry mass remaining		总磷(P)含量 Total phosphorus (P) concentration		磷累积指数 PAI		C:N		C:P		N:P
残体类型 Litter type	变异来源 Source of variation	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
L7	分解时间 Decomposition time	355.334	<0.001	6.259	0.006	87.581	<0.001	22.134	<0.001	3.929	0.032	4.948	0.025
	分解环境 Decomposition environment	28.434	0.001	0.775	0.502	8.270	0.019	3.500	0.098	0.060	0.942	0.603	0.577
	分解时间×分解环境 Decomposition time × decomposition environment	4.653	0.007	2.075	0.117	3.120	0.023	1.464	0.250	2.526	0.070	3.152	0.052
L1	分解时间 Decomposition time	363.536	<0.001	5.102	0.044	56.996	<0.001	14.213	<0.001	5.034	0.024	5.516	0.042
	分解环境 Decomposition environment	99.164	<0.001	14.121	0.005	0.848	0.474	84.374	<0.001	30.333	0.001	1.994	0.217
	分解时间×分解环境 Decomposition time × decomposition environment	3.295	0.041	2.532	0.130	3.034	0.111	6.656	0.001	3.301	0.045	1.464	0.295

图3 闽江河口不同分解环境下互花米草残体总磷(TP)含量变化(平均值±标准差)。BF, 入侵前的光滩; L1, 入侵1年的互花米草残体; L7, 入侵7年的互花米草残体; M1, 入侵1年的互花米草湿地; M7, 入侵7年的互花米草湿地。不同大写字母表示相同残体在不同分解环境间差异显著(p < 0.05); 不同小写字母表示相同分解环境不同残体间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Variations of total phosphorus (TP) concentration in litter of Spartina alterniflora in different decomposition environments in Minjiang estuary (mean ± SD). BF, bare flat; L1, litter of S. alterniflora after seaward invasion for one year; L7, litter of S. alterniflora after seaward invasion for seven years; M1, S. alterniflora marsh after seaward invasion for one years; M7, S. alterniflora marsh after seaward invasion for seven years. Different uppercase letters indicated significant difference for the same litter among different decomposition environments (p < 0.05); different lowercase letters indicated significant difference among litter in same decomposition environment (p < 0.05).

图4 闽江河口不同分解环境下互花米草残体C:N、C:P和N:P变化(平均值±标准差); C, 碳; N, 氮; P, 磷; BF, 入侵前的光滩; L1, 入侵1年的互花米草残体; L7, 入侵7年的互花米草残体; M1, 入侵1年的互花米草湿地; M7, 入侵7年的互花米草湿地。不同大写字母表示相同残体在不同分解环境间差异显著(p < 0.05); 不同小写字母表示相同分解环境不同残体间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Variations of C:N, C:P and N:P ratios in litter of Spartina alterniflora in different decomposition environments in Minjiang estuary (mean ± SD); C, carbon; N, nitrogen; P, phosphorus. BF, bare flat; L1, litter of S. alterniflora after seaward invasion for one year; L7, litter of S. alterniflora after seaward invasion for seven years; M1, S. alterniflora marsh after seaward invasion for one years; M7, S. alterniflora marsh after seaward invasion for seven years. Different uppercase letters indicated significant difference for the same litter among different decomposition environments (p < 0.05); different lowercase letters indicated significant difference among litter in same decomposition environment (p < 0.05).

图5 闽江河口不同分解环境下互花米草残体磷累积指数(PAI)变化(平均值±标准差); BF, 入侵前的光滩; L1, 入侵1年的互花米草残体; L7, 入侵7年的互花米草残体; M1, 入侵1年的互花米草湿地; M7, 入侵7年的互花米草湿地。不同大写字母表示相同残体在不同分解环境间差异显著(p < 0.05); 不同小写字母表示相同分解环境不同残体间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Variations of accumulation indices for phosphorus (PAI) in litter of Spartina alterniflora in different decomposition environments in Minjiang estuary (mean ± SD). BF, bare flat; L1, litter of S. alterniflora after seaward invasion for one year; L7, litter of S. alterniflora after seaward invasion for seven years; M1, S. alterniflora marsh after seaward invasion for one years; M7, S. alterniflora marsh after seaward invasion for seven years. Different uppercase letters indicated significant difference for the same litter among different decomposition environments (p < 0.05); different lowercase letters indicated significant difference among litter in same decomposition environment (p < 0.05).

表4 闽江河口互花米草不同分解环境下残体残留率(Mr)、总磷(TP)含量和磷累积指数(PAI)与主要因子之间的Pearson相关系数

Table 4 Pearson correlation coefficients between remaining litter mass (Mr), total phosphorus (TP) concentration, accumulation indices for phosphorus (PAI) and key variables in different decomposition environments of Spartina alterniflora in Minjiang estuary

残体类型 Litter type	分解环境 Decomposition environment	参数 Parameter	残留率 Mass remaining	含水量 Moisture	pH	EC	温度 Temperature	地表空气湿度 Surface air humidity	C:N	C:P	N:P
L7	M7 (n = 30)	Mr	1	-0.296	0.802^**	-0.069	-0.192	0.346	0.884^**	-0.022	-0.864^**
		TP	0.135	-0.132	0.125	0.231	-0.602^**	-0.006	0.041	-0.959^**	-0.517^**
		PAI	0.897^**	-0.272	0.706^**	0.307	-0.312	0.374^*	0.756^**	-0.407^**	-0.920^**
	M1 (n = 27)	Mr	1	-0.349	0.371	-0.121	-0.756^**	0.054	0.734^**	0.331	-0.085
		TP	-0.393	-0.226	-0.162	-0.026	0.379	0.277	-0.571^*	-0.898^**	-0.637^**
		PAI	0.736^**	-0.549^*	0.218	-0.191	-0.495^*	0.229	0.376	-0.332	-0.602^**
	BF (n = 30)	Mr	1	-0.510^**	-0.249	-0.083	-0.351	0.174	0.881^**	0.242	-0.383^*
		TP	-0.476^**	-0.134	-0.257	0.182	-0.270	0.008	-0.718^**	-0.815^**	-0.286
		PAI	0.807^**	-0.566^**	-0.442^**	-0.807	-0.400^**	0.377^**	0.487^**	-0.238	-0.576^**
	合计 Total (n = 87)	Mr	1	-0.363^**	0.353^**	-0.100	-0.388^**	0.199	0.838^**	0.117	-0.390^**
		TP	-0.250^*	-0.202	-0.001	0.144	-0.238^*	0.057	-0.459^**	-0.796^**	-0.484^**
		PAI	0.823^**	-0.419^**	0.264^*	-0.082	-0.393^**	0.317^**	0.550^**	-0.317^**	-0.608^**
L1	M7 (n = 30)	Mr	1	0.002	0.561^**	-0.012	-0.238	0.306	0.652^**	-0.114	-0.770^**
		TP	0.328	-0.270	-0.064	-0.024	-0.066	0.614^**	-0.360	-0.909^**	-0.703^**
		PAI	0.896^**	-0.039	0.393^*	0.073	-0.230	0.516^**	0.329	-0.462^**	-0.857^**
	M1 (n = 24)	Mr	1	-0.126	0.369	0.093	-0.876^**	0.118	0.607^**	-0.066	0.450^**
		TP	0.266	0.522^*	0.126	-0.061	-0.288	0.332	0.316	-0.804^**	-0.796^**
		PAI	0.825^**	0.184	0.287	0.065	-0.735^**	0.261	0.528^**	-0.523^*	-0.737^**
	BF (n = 30)	Mr	1	-0.295	0.123	0.093	-0.334	0.140	-0.171	-0.326	-0.514^**
		TP	0.407^*	-0.469^**	-0.246	0.496^**	-0.474^**	0.157	-0.822^**	-0.884^**	-0.776^**
		PAI	0.857^**	-0.445^*	-0.106	0.292	-0.407^*	0.241	-0.498^**	-0.615^**	-0.697^**
	合计 Total (n = 84)	Mr	1	-0.091	0.361^**	0.071	-0.460^**	0.192	0.299^**	-0.111	-0.553^**
		TP	0.245^*	0.077	0.156	0.084	-0.175	0.310^**	-0.373^**	-0.831^**	-0.629^**
		PAI	0.838^**	-0.016	0.147	0.140	-0.422^**	0.334^**	0.022	-0.504^**	-0.720^**

表4 闽江河口互花米草不同分解环境下残体残留率(Mr)、总磷(TP)含量和磷累积指数(PAI)与主要因子之间的Pearson相关系数

残体类型 Litter type	分解环境 Decomposition environment	参数 Parameter	残留率 Mass remaining	含水量 Moisture	pH	EC	温度 Temperature	地表空气湿度 Surface air humidity	C:N	C:P	N:P
L7	M7 (n = 30)	Mr	1	-0.296	0.802^**	-0.069	-0.192	0.346	0.884^**	-0.022	-0.864^**
		TP	0.135	-0.132	0.125	0.231	-0.602^**	-0.006	0.041	-0.959^**	-0.517^**
		PAI	0.897^**	-0.272	0.706^**	0.307	-0.312	0.374^*	0.756^**	-0.407^**	-0.920^**
	M1 (n = 27)	Mr	1	-0.349	0.371	-0.121	-0.756^**	0.054	0.734^**	0.331	-0.085
		TP	-0.393	-0.226	-0.162	-0.026	0.379	0.277	-0.571^*	-0.898^**	-0.637^**
		PAI	0.736^**	-0.549^*	0.218	-0.191	-0.495^*	0.229	0.376	-0.332	-0.602^**
	BF (n = 30)	Mr	1	-0.510^**	-0.249	-0.083	-0.351	0.174	0.881^**	0.242	-0.383^*
		TP	-0.476^**	-0.134	-0.257	0.182	-0.270	0.008	-0.718^**	-0.815^**	-0.286
		PAI	0.807^**	-0.566^**	-0.442^**	-0.807	-0.400^**	0.377^**	0.487^**	-0.238	-0.576^**
	合计 Total (n = 87)	Mr	1	-0.363^**	0.353^**	-0.100	-0.388^**	0.199	0.838^**	0.117	-0.390^**
		TP	-0.250^*	-0.202	-0.001	0.144	-0.238^*	0.057	-0.459^**	-0.796^**	-0.484^**
		PAI	0.823^**	-0.419^**	0.264^*	-0.082	-0.393^**	0.317^**	0.550^**	-0.317^**	-0.608^**
L1	M7 (n = 30)	Mr	1	0.002	0.561^**	-0.012	-0.238	0.306	0.652^**	-0.114	-0.770^**
		TP	0.328	-0.270	-0.064	-0.024	-0.066	0.614^**	-0.360	-0.909^**	-0.703^**
		PAI	0.896^**	-0.039	0.393^*	0.073	-0.230	0.516^**	0.329	-0.462^**	-0.857^**
	M1 (n = 24)	Mr	1	-0.126	0.369	0.093	-0.876^**	0.118	0.607^**	-0.066	0.450^**
		TP	0.266	0.522^*	0.126	-0.061	-0.288	0.332	0.316	-0.804^**	-0.796^**
		PAI	0.825^**	0.184	0.287	0.065	-0.735^**	0.261	0.528^**	-0.523^*	-0.737^**
	BF (n = 30)	Mr	1	-0.295	0.123	0.093	-0.334	0.140	-0.171	-0.326	-0.514^**
		TP	0.407^*	-0.469^**	-0.246	0.496^**	-0.474^**	0.157	-0.822^**	-0.884^**	-0.776^**
		PAI	0.857^**	-0.445^*	-0.106	0.292	-0.407^*	0.241	-0.498^**	-0.615^**	-0.697^**
	合计 Total (n = 84)	Mr	1	-0.091	0.361^**	0.071	-0.460^**	0.192	0.299^**	-0.111	-0.553^**
		TP	0.245^*	0.077	0.156	0.084	-0.175	0.310^**	-0.373^**	-0.831^**	-0.629^**
		PAI	0.838^**	-0.016	0.147	0.140	-0.422^**	0.334^**	0.022	-0.504^**	-0.720^**

表5 闽江河口互花米草残体残留率(Mr)、总磷(TP)含量和磷累积指数(PAI)与主要因子的回归方程

Table 5 Regression equations between remaining litter mass (Mr), total phosphorus (TP) concentration, accumulation indices for phosphorus (PAI) and key factors in different decomposition environments of Spartina alterniflora in Minjiang estuary

残体类型 Litter type	参数 Parameter	线性回归方程 Linear equation	R²	p
L7	Mr	y = -38.544 - 0.773x₅ + 0.658x₆ + 0.679x₇	0.755	<0.01
	TP	y = 0.219 + 0.049x₃ - 0.007x₅ + 0.003x₆ + 0.001x₈ + 0.015x₉	0.820	<0.01
	PAI	y = -57.959 + 0.921x₁ - 0.319x₅ + 0.479x₆ + 0.298x₇ - 0.052x₈ + 3.411x₉	0.924	<0.01
L1	Mr	y = 234.963 - 1.515x₅ - 2.762x₇ + 0.189x₈ - 10.154x₉	0.504	<0.01
	TP	y = 0.625 + 0.005x₂ + 0.005x₆ + 0.005x₇ - 0.001x₈	0.785	<0.01
	PAI	y = -18.466 + 0.746x₁ + 0.364x₂ + 0.425x₆ - 0.049x₈	0.900	<0.01

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闽江河口互花米草残体异位分解及磷养分释放特征

Ex situ decomposition and phosphorus release characteristics of Spartina alterniflora litter in Minjiang estuary

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