Effect of water level fluctuation frequency on Alternanthera philoxeroides, Myriophyllum aquaticum and Ludwigia adscendens in autumn

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0174

Abstract

Abstract: Aims

In wetlands, water levels can fluctuate, which often disturbs local organisms, such as aquatic plants. The responses of Alternanthera philoxeroides, Myriophyllum aquaticum, and Ludwigia adscendens to water level fluctuations of different frequencies were examined here.

Methods

Water level fluctuations were simulated at four frequencies: static (0 frequency), one cycle (1 frequency), two cycles (2 frequency), and four cycles (4 frequency), and with fluctuation amplitudes (± 25 cm) during a 60 day experiment. Morphological and physiological traits of plants, including branching number, shoot length, total biomass, shoot root ratio, chlorophyll content, and maximum PSII quantum efficiency(F_v/F_m) were assessed.

Important findings

Water level fluctuation was found to have no significant impact on branching number, root shoot ratio, or F_v/F_m of A. philoxeroides,but all scenarios except 1 frequency were significantly associated with longer shoots and lower total biomass and chlorophyll content. The traits of M. aquaticumshowed different responses to water level fluctuation: branching number and F_v/F_m showed no changes, but shoot length (2 frequency) and root shoot ratio (1 and 4 frequency) increased significantly, and total biomass and chlorophyll content (expect 4 frequency) decreased. In L. adscendens, water level fluctuation was associated with lower branching number in all scenarios except 2 frequency, shoot length in all scenarios except 1 and 2 frequency, total biomass in all scenarios except 2 frequency, and chlorophyll content but had no significant effects on root shoot ratio or F_v/F_m. Under most water level fluctuation conditions, the branching number, shoot length, total biomass, chlorophyll content, and F_v/F_m of L. adscendens were significant higher than those of A. philoxeroides and M. aquaticum, and the latter two had no significant differences.

Results

suggested that water level fluctuations were the limiting factor for the growth of three species in autumn. Alternanthera philoxeroides and M. aquaticumdid not show higher invasiveness in environments in which the water level fluctuated in autumn but did show higher tolerance and plasticity in response to water level fluctuations in general. This was related to the invasiveness of introduced species.

Results

also indicated that preventive efforts focusing on potential invasion by M. aquaticum should be strengthened.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/ZWSB201605007

Key words: water level fluctuation, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Myriophyllum aquaticum, Ludwigia adscendens, morphology, physiology

Xiu-Wen CHEN, Dan YU, Chun-Hua LIU. Effect of water level fluctuation frequency on Alternanthera philoxeroides, Myriophyllum aquaticum and Ludwigia adscendens in autumn[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2016, 40(5): 493-501.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0174

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2016/V40/I5/493

Figures/Tables 4

References 41

1	Bailey-Serres J, Voesenek LACJ (2008). Flooding stress: Acclimations and genetic diversity.Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59, 313-339. DOI URL PMID
2	Barrat-Segretain MH (2001). Biomass allocation in three macrophyte species in relation to the disturbance level of their habitat.Freshwater Biology, 46, 935-945. DOI URL
3	Bj?rkman O, Demmig B (1987). Photon yield of O2 evolution and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics at 77 K among vascular plants of diverse origins. Planta, 170, 489-504.
4	Chen HJ, Qualls RG, Blank RR (2005). Effects of soil flooding on photosynthesis, carbohydrate partitioning and nutrient uptake in the invasive exoticLepidium latifolium. Aquatic Botany, 82, 250-268.
5	Crawford RMM, Br?ndle R (1996). Oxygen deprivation stress in a changing environment.Journal of Experimental Botany, 47, 145-159. DOI URL
6	Fan SF, Yu HH, Liu CH, Yu D, Han YQ, Wang LG (2015). The effects of complete submergence on the morphological and biomass allocation response of the invasive plantAlternanthera philoxeroides. Hydrobiologia, 746, 159-169. DOI URL
7	Fang JY (2000). Global Ecology: Climate Change and Ecological Response. Higher Education Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)[方精云 (2000). 全球生态学: 气候变化与生态响应. 高等教育出版社, 北京.]
8	Gasith A, Gafny S (1990). Effects of water level fluctuation on the structure and function of the littoral zone. In: Tilzer MM, Serruya C eds. Large Lakes: Ecological Structure and Function. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 156-171.
9	Guo SL, Li YH (1998). Study on weed ecological relationships in autumn-harvested dry crop fields in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research, 16(1), 39-46. (in Chinese with English abstract)[郭水良, 李扬汉 (1998). 金华地区秋旱作物田杂草生态相似关系研究. 武汉植物学研究, 16, 39-46.]
10	Houghton JT, Ding Y, Griggs DJ, Noguer M, van der Linden PJ, Dai X (2001). Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis Cambridge University Press, Cambridge The Scientific Basis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 1-881.
11	Hussner A, Meyer C, Busch J (2009). The influence of water level and nutrient availability on growth and root system development ofMyriophyllum aquaticum. Weed Research, 49, 73-80. DOI URL
12	Jing BH, Yuan LY (2015). Photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics of five dominant submerged macrophytes in Honghu Lake.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 35, 344-349. (in Chinese with English abstract)[经博翰, 袁龙义 (2015). 洪湖5种优势沉水植物光合荧光特性比较研究. 西北植物学报, 35, 344-349.] DOI URL
13	Li M, Zhang LJ, Tao L, Li W (2008). Ecophysiological responses of Jussiaea repens to cadmium exposure.Aquatic Botany, 88, 347-352.
14	Li ZY, Hsieh CF (1996). New materials of the genus Myriophyllum L. (Haloragaceae) in Taiwan.Taiwania, 41, 322-328.
15	Lichtenthaler HK (1987). Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes.Methods in Enzymology, 148, 350-382.
16	Luo FL, Wang L, Zeng B, Ye XQ, Chen T, Liu D, Zhang YH (2006). Photosynthetic responses of the riparian plant Arundinella anomala Steud. in Three Gorges reservoir region as affected by simulated flooding.Acta Ecologica Sinica, 26, 3602-3609. (in Chinese with English abstract)[罗芳丽, 王玲, 曾波, 叶小齐, 陈婷, 刘巅, 张艳红 (2006). 三峡库区岸生植物野古草(Arundinella anomala Steud.)光合作用对水淹的响应. 生态学报, 26, 3602-3609.]
17	Magnuson JJ, Webster KE, Assel RA, Bowser CJ, Dillon PJ, Eaton JG, Evans HE, Fee EJ, Hall RI, Mortsch LR (1997). Potential effects of climate changes on aquatic systems: Laurentian Great Lakes and Precambrian Shield Region.Hydrological Processes, 11, 825-871. DOI URL
18	Maucham A, Blanch S, Grillas P (2001). Effects of submergence on the growth of Phragmites australis seedlings.Aquatic Botany, 69, 147-164.
19	McConnaughay KDM, Coleman JS (1999). Biomass allocation in plants: Ontogeny or optimality? A test along three resource gradients.Ecology, 80, 2581-2593. DOI URL
20	McDowell SCL (2002). Photosynthetic characteristics of invasive and noninvasive species of Rubus (Rosaceae). American Journal of Botany, 89, 1431-1438. DOI URL PMID
21	Mommer L, Visser EJW (2005). Underwater photosynthesis in flooded terrestrial plants: A matter of leaf plasticity.Annals of Botany, 96, 581-589.
22	Pan XY, Geng YP, Zhang WJ, Li B, Chen JK (2006). Cover shift and morphological plasticity of invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides along a riparian zone in South China. Journal of Plant Ecology (Chinese Version), 30, 835-843. (in Chinese with English abstract)[潘晓云, 耿宇鹏, 张文驹, 李博, 陈家宽 (2006). 喜旱莲子草沿河岸带不同生境的盖度变化及形态可塑性. 植物生态学报, 30, 835-843.]
23	Schreiber U, Bilger W, Neubauer C (1995). Chlorophyll fluorescence as a nonintrusive indicator for rapid assessment of in vivo photosynthesis. Ecophysiology of Photosynthesis, 100, 49-70. DOI URL
24	Sobrino E, Sanz Elorza M, Dana ED (2002). Invasibility of a coastal strip in NE Spain by alien plants.Journal of Vegetation Science, 13, 585-594. DOI URL
25	Song YZ, Huang J, Qin BQ (2010). Effects of epiphyte on the rapid light curves of two submerged macrophytes in Lake Taihu.Journal of Lake Sciences, 22, 935-940. (in Chinese with English abstract)[宋玉芝, 黄瑾, 秦伯强 (2010). 附着生物对太湖常见的两种沉水植物快速光曲线的影响. 湖泊科学, 22, 935-940.] DOI URL
26	Strand JA, Weisner SEB (2001). Morphological plastic responses to water depth and wave exposure in an aquatic plant (Myriophyllum spicatum).Journal of Ecology, 89, 166-175.
27	Sutton DL, Bingham SW (1973). Anatomy of emersed parrotfeather.Hyacinth Control Journal, 11, 49-54.
28	Vartapetian BB, Jackson MB (1997). Plant adaptations to anaerobic stress.Annals of Botany, 79, 3-20. DOI URL
29	Wang SM, Dou HS (1998). Lakes in China. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)[王苏民, 窦鸿身 (1998). 中国湖泊志. 科学出版社, 北京.]
30	Wang WG, Su XH, Tang XY, Hou YQ, Hu QC (2013). Environmental risk assessment and management of exotic wetland plants used for treatment of rural domestic sewage.Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 29, 191-196. (in Chinese with English abstract)[王文国, 苏小红, 汤晓玉, 侯远青, 胡启春 (2013). 用于农村生活污水处理的常见外来湿地植物的环境风险评估与管理. 生态与农村环境学报, 29, 191-196.]
31	Wang XH, Ji MS (2013). Photosynthetic characteristics of an invasive plant Conyza canadensis and its associated plants.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 24, 71-77. (in Chinese with English abstract)[王晓红, 纪明山 (2013). 入侵植物小飞蓬及其伴生植物的光合特性. 应用生态学报, 24, 71-77.]
32	Wei H, Cheng SP, Wu ZB (2010). Effects of hydrological characteristics on aquatic plants. Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology, 7, 13-16. (in Chinese with English abstract)[魏华, 成水平, 吴振斌 (2010). 水文特征对水生植物的影响. 现代农业科技, 7, 13-16.]
33	Wright SD, McConnaughay KDM (2002). Interpreting phenotypic plasticity: The importance of ontogeny.Plant Species Biology, 17(2-3), 119-131. DOI URL
34	Wu C, Chang XX, Dong HJ, Li DF, Liu JY (2008). Allelopathic inhibitory effect of Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. on Microcystis aeruginosa and its physiological mechanism. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 28, 2595-2603. (in Chinese with English abstract)[吴程, 常学秀, 董红娟, 李地福, 刘军燕 (2008). 粉绿狐尾藻((Myriophyllum aquaticum)对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)的化感抑制效应及其生理机制. 生态学报, 28, 2595-2603.]
35	Yang YQ (2003). Effects of water level fluctuation on the growth of aquatic plants (an experimental ecological study). Master degree dissertation, Wuhan University, Wuhan. (in Chinese with English abstract)[杨永清 (2003). 水位波动对水生植物生长影响的实验生态学研究. 硕士学位论文, 武汉大学, 武汉.]
36	You WH, Fan SF, Yu D, Xie D, Liu CH (2014). An invasive clonal plant benefits from clonal integration more than a co-occurring native plant in nutrient-patchy and competitive environments.PLoS ONE, 9, e97246. DOI URL PMID
37	Yu LF, Yu D (2009). Responses of the threatened aquatic plant Ottelia alismoides to water level fluctuations. Fundamental and Applied Limnology, 174, 295-300. DOI URL
38	Yu LF, Yu D (2011). Differential responses of the floating- leaved aquatic plant Nymphoides peltata to gradual versus rapid increases in water levels.Aquatic Botany, 94, 71-76. DOI URL
39	Yuan L, Zhang LQ, Gu ZQ (2010). Responses of chlorophyll fluorescence of an invasive plant Spartina alterniflora to continuous waterlogging.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 30, 882-889. (in Chinese with English abstract)[袁琳, 张利权, 古志钦 (2010). 入侵植物互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)叶绿素荧光对淹水胁迫的响应. 环境科学学报, 30, 882-889.]
40	Zheng L, Feng YL (2005). The effects of ecophysiological traits on carbon gain in invasive plants.Acta Ecologica Sinica, 25, 1430-1437. (in Chinese with English abstract)[郑丽, 冯玉龙 (2005). 入侵植物的生理生态特性对碳积累的影响. 生态学报, 25, 1430-1437.]
41	Zohary T, Ostrovsky I (2011). Ecological impacts of excessive water level fluctuations in stratified freshwater lakes. Inland Waters, 1, 47-59. DOI URL

方差来源 Source of variation	处理 Treatment	物种 Species	处理×物种 Treatment × species
分枝数 Branching number	46.496^***	57.285^***	110.719^***
株高 Shoot length	11.593^**	116.742^***	136.719^***
总生物量 Total biomass	35.962^***	74.402^***	122.205^***
根冠比 Root shoot ratio	0.946^ns	0.932^ns	8.460^***
叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content	19.405^***	16.379^***	45.39^***
最大光化学量子产量 Maximum PSII quantum efficiency	6.934^ns	93.935^***	106.524^***

方差来源 Source of variation	处理 Treatment	物种 Species	处理×物种 Treatment × species
分枝数 Branching number	46.496^***	57.285^***	110.719^***
株高 Shoot length	11.593^**	116.742^***	136.719^***
总生物量 Total biomass	35.962^***	74.402^***	122.205^***
根冠比 Root shoot ratio	0.946^ns	0.932^ns	8.460^***
叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content	19.405^***	16.379^***	45.39^***
最大光化学量子产量 Maximum PSII quantum efficiency	6.934^ns	93.935^***	106.524^***

[1]	QU Ze-Kun, ZHU Li-Qin, JIANG Qi, WANG Xiao-Hong, YAO Xiao-Dong, CAI Shi-Feng, LUO Su-Zhen, sCHEN Guang-Shui. Nutrient foraging strategies of arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species in a subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest and their relationship with fine root morphology [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2024, 48(4): 416-427.
[2]	SHI Meng-Jiao, LI Bin, YI Li-Ta, LIU Mei-Hua. Sexual divergence of Populus deltoides seedlings growth and ecophysiological response to drought and rewatering [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(8): 1159-1170.
[3]	LI Guan-Jun, CHEN Long, YU Wen-Jing, SU Qin-Gui, WU Cheng-Zhen, SU Jun, LI Jian. Effects of solid culture endophytic fungi on osmotic adjustment and antioxidant system of Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings under soil salt stress [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(6): 804-821.
[4]	WU Fan, WU Chen, ZHANG Yu-Hui, YU Heng, WEI Zhi-Hua, ZHENG Wei, LIU Xiao-Fei, CHEN Shi-Dong, YANG Zhi-Jie, XIONG De-Cheng. Effects of warming on growth, morphology and physiological metabolism characteristics of fine roots in a mature Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation in different seasons [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(6): 856-866.
[5]	YU Ji-Mei, WU Fu-Zhong, YUAN Ji, JIN Xia, WEI Shu-Yuan, YUAN Chao-Xiang, PENG Yan, NI Xiang-Yin, YUE Kai. Global patterns and influencing factors of initial concentrations of phenols in plant litter [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(5): 608-617.
[6]	YU Yu-Rong, WU Hao, GAO Ya-Fei, ZHAO Yuan-Bo, LI Xiao-Ling, BU Gui-Jun, XUE Dan, LIU Zheng-Xiang, WU Hai-Wen, WU Lin. Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on physiological and morphological characteristics of Sphagnum in wetland, southwestern Hubei Province, China [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(11): 1493-1506.
[7]	WAN Chun-Yan, YU Jun-Rui, ZHU Shi-Dan. Differences in leaf traits and trait correlation networks between karst and non-karst forest tree species [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(10): 1386-1397.
[8]	YE Jie-Hong, YU Cheng-Long, ZHUO Shao-Fei, CHEN Xin-Lan, YANG Ke-Ming, WEN Yin, LIU Hui. Correlations of photosynthetic heat tolerance with leaf morphology and temperature niche in Magnoliaceae [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(10): 1432-1440.
[9]	Li-Ting YANG, Yan-Yan XIE, Ke-Yi ZUO, Sen XU, Rui GU, Shuang-Lin CHEN, Zi-Wu GUO. Effects of ramet ratio on photosynthetic physiology of Indocalamus decorus clonal system under heterogeneous light environment [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(1): 88-101.
[10]	MA Ju-Feng, XIN Min, XU Chen-Chao, ZHU Wan-Ying, MAO Chuan-Zao, CHEN Xin, CHENG Lei. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen addition on nitrogen uptake of rice genotypes with different root morphologies [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2021, 45(7): 728-737.
[11]	ZOU Xian-Hua, HU Ya-Nan, WEI Dan, CHEN Si-Tong, WU Peng-Fei, MA Xiang-Qing. Correlation between endogenous hormone and the adaptability of Chinese fir with high phosphorus-use efficiency to low phosphorus stress [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2019, 43(2): 139-151.
[12]	Guan-Tao CHEN, Yong PENG, Jun ZHENG, Shun LI, Tian-Chi PENG, Xi-Rong QIU, Li-Hua TU. Effects of short-term nitrogen addition on fine root biomass, lifespan and morphology of Castanopsis platyacantha in a subtropical secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2017, 41(10): 1041-1050.
[13]	Yu-Bing LIU, Xin-Rong LI, Meng-Meng LI, Dan LIU, Wen-Li ZHANG. Leaf (or assimilation branch) epidermal micromorphology of desert plant in arid and semi- arid areas of China [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2016, 40(11): 1189-1207.
[14]	LIU Chang,SUN Peng-Sen,LIU Shi-Rong. A review of plant spectral reflectance response to water physiological changes [J]. Chin J Plan Ecolo, 2016, 40(1): 80-91.
[15]	YAN Xiao-Li, DAI Teng-Fei, JIA Li-Ming, DAI Li-Li, and XIN Fu-Mei. Responses of the fine root morphology and vertical distribution of Populus × euramericana ‘Guariento’ to the coupled effect of water and nitrogen [J]. Chin J Plan Ecolo, 2015, 39(8): 825-837.