Changes in the pattern of an alpine wetland landscape in Maqu County in the first meander of the Yellow River

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0288

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The alpine wetland is one of the most important sites for ecological and water conservation in Qingzang Plateau, and also an effective regulator of the local climate. Research is needed to understand the dynamics and drivers of changes in this alpine wetland landscape.
Methods This study was conducted with combination of methods in remote sensing image analysis, GIS spatial analysis and landscape attributes analysis. Changes in the alpine wetland patterns in Maqu County, which is located in the first meander of the Yellow River, was determined for six periodic samplings from 1995 to 2018.
Important findings The alpine wetland area in Maqu County continuously degraded from 1995 to 2010, and decreased by 18 680.31 hm² over the period. From 2010 to 2018, the wetland area increased. Compared with the level in 1990s, the wetland area has generally declined since the beginning of the 21st century. From 1995 to 2010, the patch number and density of the wetland increased continuously, but the average patch size decreased, with increased degree of landscape fragmentation. In contrast, from 2010 to 2015, the patch number and density of wetland decreased. From 2015 to 2018, the patch number and density of wetland increased, and the average patch size first increased and then decreased, with the landscape fragmentation first decreased and then increased. Both the Shannon diversity index and evenness index showed a downward trend from 1995 to 2010; the landscape structure tended to be simpler and the distribution of landscape types became more clustered. From 2010 to 2018, the Shannon diversity and evenness indices showed an upward trend; the landscape structure tended to be more complex, and the landscape types became more diverse and dispersed. Further analyses revealed that the main factors driving the changes in the alpine wetland landscape patterns in the first meander of the Yellow River are evaporation and precipitation, followed by human activities such as the population and the quantity of large livestock. Climate is the main factor driving the changes in the alpine wetland area in the first meander of the Yellow River. Intensive human economic activities have aggravated the wetland changes to some extent.

Key words: alpine wetland, landscape pattern, random forest algorithm, driving force analysis, wetland change

XUE Peng-Fei, LI Wen-Long, ZHU Gao-Feng, ZHOU Hua-Kun, LIU Chen-Li, YAN He-Piao. Changes in the pattern of an alpine wetland landscape in Maqu County in the first meander of the Yellow River[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2021, 45(5): 467-475.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0288

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2021/V45/I5/467

Figures/Tables 10

References 25

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	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015	2018
Kappa系数 Kappa coefficient (%)	88.0	90.0	86.5	89.5	92.0	87.0
总体精度 Accuracy	0.80	0.84	0.81	0.83	0.87	0.81

	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015	2018
Kappa系数 Kappa coefficient (%)	88.0	90.0	86.5	89.5	92.0	87.0
总体精度 Accuracy	0.80	0.84	0.81	0.83	0.87	0.81

年 Year	斑块数 Patch number	面积 Area (hm²)	景观比率 Landscape ratio (%)	以1995年为基准期减少百分比 Percentage reduction by base period (1995) (%)
1995	759	84 795.84	8.877	-
2000	860	73 574.91	7.702	13.24
2005	931	71 817.84	7.518	15.30
2010	1 142	66 115.53	6.922	22.03
2015	662	71 530.11	7.488	15.64
2018	786	74 498.13	7.792	12.14

年 Year	斑块数 Patch number	面积 Area (hm²)	景观比率 Landscape ratio (%)	以1995年为基准期减少百分比 Percentage reduction by base period (1995) (%)
1995	759	84 795.84	8.877	-
2000	860	73 574.91	7.702	13.24
2005	931	71 817.84	7.518	15.30
2010	1 142	66 115.53	6.922	22.03
2015	662	71 530.11	7.488	15.64
2018	786	74 498.13	7.792	12.14

斑块大小 Patch size (hm²)	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015	2018
<50	3 734.37	5 078.52 (+36.0%)	4 307.67 (-15.2%)	5 796.99 (+34.6%)	4 956.39 (-14.5%)	6 114.60 (+23.4%)
50-1 000	17 723.34	21 753.54 (+22.7%)	17 647.92 (-18.9%)	19 600.56 (+11.1%)	14 940.45 (-23.8%)	18 917.73 (+26.6%)
1 000-10 000	22 844.25	8 843.40 (-61.3%)	19 358.64 (+118.9%)	18 758.34 (-3.1%)	27 581.04 (+47.0%)	26 336.97 (-4.5%)
>10 000	40 493.88	37 899.45 (-6.4%)	30 503.61 (-19.5%)	21 959.64 (-28.0%)	23 013.00 (+4.8%)	23 128.83 (+0.5%)
合计 Total	84 795.84	73 574.91 (-13.2%)	71 817.84 (-2.4%)	66 115.53 (-7.9%)	70 490.88 (+6.6%)	74 498.13 (+5.7%)