Pigment synthesis and photosynthetic characteristics of leaves in Pseudosasa japonica f. akebonosuji

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0258

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Variation in leaf colour is natural in bamboo, and the leaf colour variation of Pseudosasa japonicaf. akebonosuji is a typical representative. The mechanism of colour variation can be resolved by studying the photosynthetic properties of different leaf colours.

Methods The photosynthetic pigment content, the relative content of chlorophyll (Chl) synthesis precursors, photosystem activities and photosynthetic effect differences of leaves with different leaf colours were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer, high-performance liquid chromatography and continuous excitation fluorescence to elucidate the physiological mechanism of leaf colour variation of P. japonicaf. akebonosuji.

Important findings (1) There were significant differences in photosynthetic pigment content between the all-green and mosaic leaves of P. japonica f. akebonosuji. The mosaic leaves’s chl a/b value was significantly lower than the all-green leaves, while the carotenoid/Chl a+b value was substantially higher than all-green leaves. (2) The chlorophyll biosynthetic precursor substance, Coprogen III, was significantly higher in albino and striped albino leaves than in green leaves. At the same time, the content of protoporphyrin IX decreased sharply, resulting in significant reductions in Chl a and Chl b content. (3) The net photosynthetic rate and apparent quantum yield of striped leaves were significantly lower than in green leaves, and there was no photosynthetic effect in all-albino leaves. (4) Using all-green leaves as a control, the overall performance of photosystem II in mosaic leaves was lower than that of green leaves. The proportion of fluorescence intensity at J-step (F_j)in F₀ - F_p (F₀, minimal fluorescence intensity; F_p, fluorescence intencity at P-step) amplitude of chlorophyll value of green leaves was significantly lower than that of albino and re-greened leaves. There was no significant difference with striped green leaves, indicating that PSII receptor side performance was consistent on green and striped green leaves, but re-greened leaves did not fully recover to the level of green leaves. (5) The light absorption at 820 nm of mosaic leaves and re-greened leaves was lesser than that of green leaves. During the re-greening of albino leaves, the maximum redox capacity of photosystem I (PSI) (ΔI/I_o) values increased significantly. They gradually returned to the level of stable green leaves, indicating that the redox capacity of chlorophyll I (P700) was low. The oxidative capacity of albino leaves after re-greening was not significantly different from that of green leaves. (6) The change in coordination between PSI and PSII (Φ_PSI/PSII) in albino leaves was significantly lower than in green leaves, and the coordination of PSI/PSII deteriorated, with PSII decreasing more than PSI. PSII mainly triggered the weakening of the photosystem performance of re-greened leaves. The mosaic leaves a Chl a-deficient mutation caused by reduced chlorophyll content and Chl a/b value, and a sharp reduction in protoporphyrin IX content impairs chlorophyll synthesis. Therefore, the whole plant always retains the mosaic leaves, and the photosynthetic capacity and utilization efficiency are lower than green leaves. There are physiological differences in photosynthesis between the different leaf colours.

Key words: Pseudosasa japonica f. akebonosuji, leaf color variation, photosynthetic pigment, photosynthetic system, photosynthetic characteristics

WANG Ni, LI Zhao-Na, ZHENG Xu-Li, JIANG Si-Cheng, YANG Hai-Yun. Pigment synthesis and photosynthetic characteristics of leaves in Pseudosasa japonica f. akebonosuji[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2024, 48(11): 1536-1546.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0258

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Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1 Different types of leaves and different degrees of return-green leaves of Pseudosasa japonica f. akebonosuji. AL0 (AL), albino leaf; AL2, albino leaf unfold for 2 months; AL6, albino leaf unfold for 6 months; AL12, albino leaf unfold for 12 months; GL, green leaf; SA, striped albino leaf; SG, striped green leaf.

Table 1 Variation of photosynthetic pigment content of Pseudosasa japonica f. akebonosuji (mean ± SD)

材料 Material	叶绿素a Chl a (µg·g^-1)	叶绿素b Chl b (µg·g^-1)	总叶绿素 Chl (a+b) (µg·g^-1)	类胡萝卜素 Car (µg·g^-1)	叶绿素a/b Chl a/b	类胡萝卜素/叶绿素 Car/Chl
绿叶 GL	408.9 ± 49.0^a	180.8 ± 24.3^a	589.7 ± 73.3^a	61.1 ± 12.1^a	2.3 ± 0.1^a	0.097 ± 0.021^c
条纹绿叶 SG	355.7 ± 17.5^a	195.3 ± 12.6^a	551.1 ± 21.1^a	50.8 ± 9.5^a	1.9 ± 0.4^b	0.091 ± 0.044^c
条纹白叶 SA	17.8 ± 3.1^b	10.7 ± 1.5^b	28.6 ± 4.6^b	8.8 ± 0.8^b	1.6 ± 0.1^b	0.338 ± 0.076^b
白叶 AL0	10.0 ± 1.0^b	5.7 ± 0.8^b	15.7 ± 1.7^b	7.8 ± 0.4^b	1.9 ± 0.5^b	0.534 ± 0.055^a

Fig. 2 Relative content of precursor substances for chlorophyll synthesis of Pseudosasa japonica f. akebonosuji among different leaf types (mean ± SD). Supposing content of green leaf is 1, A, B, C are contents of striped green leaf (SG), striped albino leaf (SA) and albino leaf (AL0) relative to green leaf (GL). ALA, δ-aminolevulinic acid; Chl, chlorophyll; Coprogen III, coproporphyrinogen III; Mg-Proto, Mg-protoporphyrin IX; PBG, porphobilinogen; Pchlide, protochlorophyllide; Proto IX, protoporphyrin IX; Urogen III, uroporphyrino-gen III. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different leaf types (p < 0.05).

Fig. 3 Light response curves of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in Pseudosasa japonica f. akebonosuji among different leaf types (mean ± SD). GL, green leaf; SA, albino sector in leaf with strips; SG, green sector in leaf with strips. PAR, photosynthetically active radiation.

Table 2 Effects of different leaf types on photosynthesis-light response parameters of Pseudosasa japonica f. akebonosuji (mean ± SD)

叶型 Leaf type	最大净光合速率 P_max(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	表观量子效率 AQY (μmol·mol^-1)	暗呼吸速率 R_d(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	光补偿点 LCP (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	光饱和点 LSP (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)
绿叶 GL	13.70 ± 2.44^a	0.057 ± 0.005^a	1.18 ± 0.18^a	21.30 ± 2.02^b	424.50 ± 39.01^b
条纹绿叶 SG	8.65 ± 2.55^b	0.004 ± 0.006^b	0.97 ± 0.02^a	26.16 ± 3.75^b	489.30 ± 86.63^b
条纹白叶 SA	0.93 ± 0.01^c	0.003 ± 0.000^c	0.60 ± 0.12^b	260.02 ± 15.45^a	628.80 ± 42.80^a
白叶 AL0	-	-	-	-	-

Table 3 Photosynthesis parameters for CO2 response curve for different leaf types in Pseudosasa japonica f. akebonosuji (mean ± SD)

叶型 Leaf type	V_cmax(μmol·m^-2·s^-1 )	J_max(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	J_max/V_cmax
绿叶 GL	86.22 ± 3.78^a	117.67 ± 4.36^a	1.37 ± 0.01^c
条纹绿叶 SG	85.60 ± 8.29^a	120.77 ± 13.87^a	1.41 ± 0.03^b
条纹白叶 SA	15.34 ± 1.58^b	30.61 ± 3.05^b	2.00 ± 0.01^a
白叶 AL0	-	-	-

Fig. 4 Dynamic curves for chlorophyll a fluorescein and the relative variable fluorescence intensity with different leaf types of Pseudosasa japonica f. akebonosuji. AL0 (AL), albino leaf; AL2, albino leaf unfold for 2 months; AL6, albino leaf unfold for 6 months; AL12, albino leaf unfold for 12 months; GL, green leaf; SA, striped albino leaf; SG, striped green leaf.

Fig. 5 Probability of that a trapped exciton the moves an electron further than QA by trapped exciton (Ψo) and performance index (PIABS) of Pseudosasa japonica f. akebonosuji under different leaf types (mean ± SD). AL0 (AL), albino leaf; AL2, albino leaf unfold for 2 months; AL6, albino leaf unfold for 6 months; AL12, albino leaf unfold for 12 months; GL, green leaf; SA, striped albino leaf; SG, striped green leaf. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different leaf types (p < 0.05).

Fig. 6 Proportion of Fk in F0 - Fj amplitude of chlorophyll (Wk) and proportion of Fj in F0 - Fp amplitude of chlorophyll (Vj) of Pseudosasa japonica f. akebonosuji under different leaf types (mean ± SD). AL0 (AL), albino leaf; AL2, albino leaf unfold for 2 months; AL6, albino leaf unfold for 6 months; AL12, albino leaf unfold for 12 months; GL, green leaf; SA, striped albino leaf; SG, striped green leaf; F0, minimal fluorescence; Fj, fluorescence intensity at J-step; Fk, fluorescence intensity at K-step; Fp, fluorescence intensity at P-step. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different leaf types (p < 0.05).

Fig. 7 Changes of relative absorbtion of photosystem I (PSI) (PSI) 820 nm of different leaf types in Pseudosasa japonica f. akebonosuji (mean ± SD). AL0 (AL), albino leaf; AL2, albino leaf unfold for 2 months; AL6, albino leaf unfold for 6 months; AL12, albino leaf unfold for 12 months; GL, green leaf; SA, striped albino leaf; SG, striped green leaf.

Fig. 8 Difference of photosystem I (PSI) maximum ability of oxido-reduction ΔI/Io of different leaf types in Pseudosasa japonica f. akebonosuji (mean ± SD). AL0 (AL), albino leaf; AL2, albino leaf unfold for 2 months; AL6, albino leaf unfold for 6 months; AL12, albino leaf unfold for 12 months; GL, green leaf; SA, striped albino leaf; SG, striped green leaf. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different leaf types (p < 0.05).

Fig. 9 Changes of coordination between photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) of Pseudosasa japonica f. akebonosuji among different leaf types (ΦPSI/PSII) (mean ± SD). AL0 (AL), albino leaf; AL2, albino leaf unfold for 2 months; AL6, albino leaf unfold for 6 months; AL12, albino leaf unfold for 12 months; GL, green leaf; SA, striped albino leaf; SG, striped green leaf. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different leaf types (p < 0.05).

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