Interactive effects of soil acidification and phosphorus deficiency on photosynthetic characteristics and growth in Juglans regia seedlings

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00129

Abstract

Abstract:

AimsOur main purposes were to explore effects of phosphorus deficiency and soil acidification on growth, water balance and phosphorus nutrition in Juglans regia seedlings and to investigate the hydraulic mechanism involved in reduced photosynthesis and growth.

Methods We measured growth, hydraulic characteristics, and gas exchanges in J. regia seedlings. The effects of phosphorus deficiency and soil acidification on xylem anatomic structure, water balance and photosynthetic characteristics were also analyzed.

Important findings Soil acidification inhibited the phosphorous uptake and utilization efficiency in J. regia seedlings. A combination of soil acidification and phosphorous deficiency interrupted water balance, and reduced photosynthesis and growth of J. regia seedlings. Under soil acidification and phosphorus deficiency, non-stomatal factors also played a role in inhibiting photosynthesis.

Key words: growth, hydraulic conductance, Juglans regia, pH value, phosphorus nutrition, photosynthetic characteristics

ZHANG Cui-Ping, MENG Ping, LI Jian-Zhong, WAN Xian-Chong. Interactive effects of soil acidification and phosphorus deficiency on photosynthetic characteristics and growth in Juglans regia seedlings[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2014, 38(12): 1345-1355.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00129

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2014/V38/I12/1345

Figures/Tables 16

Table 1 Composition of nutrient solution under different phosphorus treatments (mmol·L-1)

营养元素 Nutrition	缺磷 Phosphorus deficiency	正常磷 Normal phosphorus
KNO₃	4	2
K₂HPO₄	-	1
NH₄NO₃	1	2
(NH₄)₂SO₄	3	3
K₂SO₄	-	-
MgSO₄	2	2
KH₂PO₄	-	-
Ca(NO₃)₂	2	2

Fig. 1 Phosphorus content in soil (mean ± SE). CK, normal phosphorus and pH 6.0; T1, normal phosphorus and pH 3.0; T2, phosphorus deficiency and pH 6.0; T3, phosphorus deficiency and pH 3.0. Different small letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05).

Table 2 Two-way ANOVA for testing the effects of phosphorus and pH value on phosphorus content in soil and seedlings

	土壤 Soil		根 Root		叶片 Leaf		茎 Shoot		全株 Total plant
	F	Sig.	F	Sig.	F	Sig.	F	Sig.	F	Sig.
Phosphorus (P)	324.527	0.000	121.359	0.000	188.985	0.000	57.784	0.000	431.250	0.000
pH	0.127	0.731	33.458	0.000	129.631	0.000	28.593	0.001	202.247	0.000
P × pH	5.428	0.055	2.314	0.167	56.035	0.000	6.718	0.032	24.811	0.001

Fig. 2 Phosphorus content in different organs of Juglans regia (mean ± SE). CK, normal phosphorus and pH 6.0; T1, normal phosphorus and pH 3.0; T2, phosphorus deficiency and pH 6.0; T3, phosphorus deficiency and pH 3.0. Different small letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05).

Table 3 Growth and biomass allocation in Juglans regia seedlings under different treatments

生长指标 Growth variable	处理 Treatment
生长指标 Growth variable	CK	T1	T2	T3
根生物量 Root biomass	109.59^b	102.16^c	121.61^a	89.52^d
茎生物量 Shoot biomass	33.36^a	29.27^b	26.33^b	22.12^c
叶生物量 Leaf biomass	16.76^a	15.10^a	14.31^a	9.77^a
地下生物量/地上生物量 Root biomass / Shoot biomass	2.19^b	2.31^b	3.01^a	2.83^a
高生长 Height increment (cm)	10.23^a	9.18^b	8.68^b	7.68^c
茎生长 Diameter growth (mm)	4.76^a	2.61^b	2.09^bc	1.69^c
叶面积 Leaf area (cm²)	116.96^a	96.43^b	87.43^bc	82.82^c

Table 4 Two-way ANOVA for testing the effects of phosphorus and pH value on growth and biomass allocation in Juglans regia seedlings

	根生物量 Root biomass		茎生物量 Shoot biomass		叶生物量 Leaf biomass		地下生物量/地上生物量 Root biomass / Shoot biomass		高生长 Height increment (cm)		茎生长 Diameter growth (mm)		叶面积 Leaf area (cm²)
	F	Sig.	F	Sig.	F	Sig.	F	Sig.	F	Sig.	F	Sig.	F	Sig.
Phosphorus (P)	0.056	0.817	38.236	0.000	0.106	0.749	46.398	0.000	13.89	0.001	87.615	0.000	30.435	0.000
pH	224.433	0.000	13.113	0.002	0.108	0.747	0.085	0.775	9.360	0.004	45.942	0.000	8.775	0.004
P × pH	87.391	0.000	0.003	0.958	0.858	0.368	2.238	0.154	0.028	0.868	23.349	0.000	3.307	0.073

Fig. 3 The relationships between pressure drop and water velocity in Juglans regia roots under different treatments. CK, normal phosphorus and pH 6.0; T1, normal phosphorus and pH 3.0; T2, phosphorus deficiency and pH 6.0; T3, phosphorus deficiency and pH 3.0.

Fig. 4 Root hydraulic conductivity in Juglans regia seedlings under different treatments (mean ± SE). CK, normal phosphorus and pH 6.0; T1, normal phosphorus and pH 3.0; T2, phosphorus deficiency and pH 6.0; T3, phosphorus deficiency and pH 3.0. Different small letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05).

Fig. 5 Leaf water potential (WP) in Juglans regia under different treatments (mean ± SE). CK, normal phosphorus and pH 6.0; T1, normal phosphorus and pH 3.0; T2, phosphorus deficiency and pH 6.0; T3, phosphorus deficiency and pH 3.0. Different small letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05).

Fig. 6 Hydraulic conductivity and percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) in Juglans regia petioles under different treatments (mean ± SE). CK, normal phosphorus and pH 6.0; T1, normal phosphorus and pH 3.0; T2, phosphorus deficiency and pH 6.0; T3, phosphorus deficiency and pH 3.0. Different small letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05).

Table 5 Two-way ANOVA for testing the effects of phosphorus and pH value on root hydraulic conductivity and petiole water transport in Juglans regia seedlings

	根系导水率 Root hydraulic conductance		导水损失率 Percentage loss of hydraulic conductance		导水率 Hydraulic conductivity		导管密度 Vessel density (No.·mm^-2)		导管直径 Vessel diameter (μm)
	F	Sig.	F	Sig.	F	Sig.	F	Sig.	F	Sig.
Phosphorus (P)	5.132	0.043	59.903	0.000	33.211	0.000	76.056	0.000	6.285	0.017
pH	5.578	0.036	23.256	0.000	19.911	0.000	61.606	0.000	2.637	0.114
P × pH	0.367	0.556	4.646	0.051	1.069	0.317	2.714	0.108	0.525	0.474

Fig. 7 Variations of gas exchanges in Juglans regia seedlings under different treatments (mean ± SE). CK, normal phosphorus and pH 6.0; T1, normal phosphorus and pH 3.0; T2, phosphorous deficiency and pH 6.0; T3, phosphorus deficiency and pH 3.0. Different small letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05).

Table 6 Anatomical structure of petiole xylem in Juglans regia seedlings under different treatments (mean ± SE)

处理 Treatment	CK	T1	T2	T3
导管密度 Vessel density (No.·mm^-2)	318 ± 41.35^a	236 ± 23.30^b	229 ± 20.88^b	175 ± 16.41^c
导管直径 Vessel diameter (μm)	28.43 ± 3.32^a	27.74 ± 2.04^a	27.0 ± 2.31^ab	24.8 ± 1.84^b

Table 7 Two-way ANOVA for testing the effects of phosphorus and pH value on phosphorus characteristics in Juglans regia seedlings

	P_n		G_s		T_r		F_v/F_m		Φ_PSII		q_P		NPQ
	F	Sig.	F	Sig.	F	Sig.	F	Sig.	F	Sig.	F	Sig.	F	Sig.
Phosphorus (P)	48.676	0.000	19.368	0.000	20.750	0.000	15.241	0.001	20.073	0.000	26.746	0.000	22.131	0.000
pH	17.963	0.000	7.118	0.016	29.513	0.000	7.402	0.013	11.444	0.003	7.512	0.013	17.880	0.001
P × pH	1.447	0.245	0.247	0.626	4.459	0.052	0.013	0.910	0.066	0.800	0.748	0.398	0.184	0.674

Fig. 8 Parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence in Juglans regia seedlings under different treatments (mean ± SE). CK, normal phosphorus and pH 6.0; T1, normal phosphorus and pH 3.0; T2, phosphorus deficiency and pH 6.0; T3, phosphorus deficiency and pH 3.0. ΦPSII, quantum yield of PSII; Fv/Fm, maximum efficiency of PSII; NPQ, non-photochemical quenching; qP, photochemical quenching. Different small letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05).

Fig. 9 Microstructure of petiole xylem vessel under different treatments. A, Normal phosphorus and pH 6.0. B, Normal phosphorus and pH 3.0. C, Phosphorus deficiency and pH 6.0. D, Phosphorus deficiency and pH 3.0.

References 41

1	Brodribb TJ, Hill RS (2000). Increases in water potential gradient reduce xylem conductivity in whole plants. Evidence from a low pressure conductivity method. Plant Physiology, 123, 1021-1027. URL PMID
2	Bucci SJ, Scholz FG, Goldstein G, Meinzer FC, Franco AC, Campanello PI, Villalobos-Vega R, Bustamante M, Miralles- Wilhelm F (2006). Nutrient availability constrains the hydraulic architecture and water relations of savannah trees. Plant, Cell & Environment, 29, 2153-2167.
3	Carvajal M, Cooke DT, Clarkson DT (1996). Responses of wheat plants to nutrient deprivation may involve the regulation of water-channel function. Planta, 199, 372-381.
4	Fan WG, Wang LX (2012). Photosynthetic response to different phosphorus levels on young Newhall navel orange trees. Journal of Fruit Science, 29, 166-170.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 樊卫国, 王立新 (2012). 纽荷尔脐橙幼树对不同供磷水平的光合响应. 果树学报, 29, 166-170.]
5	Flexas J, Bota J, Loreto F, Cornic G, Sharkey TD (2004). Diffusive and metabolic limitations to photosynthesis under drought and salinity in C₃ plants. Plant Biology, 6, 269-279. DOI URL PMID
6	Gallé A, Haldimann P, Feller U (2007). Photosynthetic performance and water relations in young pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens) trees during drought stress and recovery. New Phytologist, 174, 799-810.
7	Gulías J, Flexas J, Abadía A, Madrano H (2002). Photosynthetic responses to water deficit in six Mediterranean sclerophyll species: possible factors explaining the declining distribution of Rhamnus ludovici-salvatoris an endemic Balearic species. Tree Physiology, 22, 687-697. DOI URL PMID
8	Gunsé B, Poschenrieder C, Barcelo J (1997). Water transport properties of roots and root cortical cells in proton- and Al-stressed maize varieties. Plant Physiology, 113, 595-602. DOI URL PMID
9	Guo SL, Yan XF, Bai B, Yu S (2005). Responses of larch seedling’s photosynthetic characteristics to nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 16, 589-594.(in Chinese with English abstract) URL PMID
	[ 郭盛磊, 阎秀峰, 白冰, 于爽 (2005). 落叶松幼苗光合特性对氮和磷缺乏的响应. 应用生态学报, 16, 589-594.] PMID
10	Hargrave KR, Kolb KJ, Ewers FW, Davis SD (1994). Conduit diameter and drought-induced embolism in Salvia mellifera Greene (Labiatae). New Phytologist, 126, 695-705.
11	Harvey HP, van den Driessche R (1997). Nutrition, xylem cavitation and drought resistance in hybrid poplar. Tree Physiology, 17, 647-654. DOI URL PMID
12	Horswill P, Sullivan O, PhoenixGK, Lee JA, Leake JR (2008). Base cation depletion, eutrophication and acidification of species-rich grasslands in response to long-term simulated nitrogen deposition. Environmental Pollution, 155, 336-349. DOI URL PMID
13	Kamaluddin M, Zwiazek JJ (2004). Effects of root medium pH on water transport in paper birch (Betula papyrifera) seedlings in relation to root temperature and abscisic acid treatments. Tree Physiology, 24, 1173-1180. DOI URL PMID
14	Kang SZ, Zhang JH (2004). Controlled alternate partialrootzone irrigation: its physiological consequences andimpact on water use efficiency. Journal of Experimental Botany, 55, 2437-2446. DOI URL PMID
15	Lowther JR (1980). Use of a single sulphuric acid-hydrogen peroxide digest for the analysis of Pinus radiata needles. Communications in Soil Science & Plant Analysis, 11, 175-188.
16	Lu RK, Shi ZY, Qian CL (2000). Decline of phosphorus availability with time in soils. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 37, 323-329.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 鲁如坤, 时正元, 钱承梁 (2000). 磷在土壤中有效性的衰减. 土壤学报, 37, 323-329.]
17	Lu YM, Equiza MA, Deng X, Tyree MT (2010). Recovery of Populus tremuloides seedlings following severe drought causing total leaf mortality and extreme stem embolism. Physiologia Plantarum, 140, 246-257. URL PMID
18	Mai BR, Zheng YF, Liang J, Liu X, Li L, Zhong YC (2008). Effects of simulated acid rain on leaf photosynthate, growth, and yield of wheat. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 19, 2227-2233.(in Chinese with English abstract) URL PMID
	[ 麦博儒, 郑有飞, 梁骏, 刘霞, 李璐, 钟燕川 (2008). 模拟酸雨对小麦叶片同化物, 生长和产量的影响. 应用生态学报, 19, 2227-2233.] PMID
19	Mao DR ( 1994). Research Methods of Plant Nutrition. Beijing Agricultural University Press, Beijing.
	[ 毛达如(1994). 植物营养研究方法. 北京农业大学出版社, 北京.]
20	Maxwell K, Johnson GN (2000). Chlorophyll fluorescence―a practical guide. Journal of Experimental Botany, 51, 659-668. URL PMID
21	Mukherjee SK, Asanuma S (1998). Possible role of cellular phosphate pool and subsequent accumulation of inorganic phosphate on the aluminum tolerance in Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 30, 1511-1516. DOI URL
22	Ögren E (1990). Evaluation of chlorophyll fluorescence for drought stress in willow leaves. Plant Physiology, 93, 1280-1285. DOI URL PMID
23	Plavcová L, Hacke UG (2012). Phenotypic and developmental plasticity of xylem in hybrid poplar saplings subjected to experimental drought, nitrogen fertilization, and shading. Journal of Experimental Botany, 63, 6481-6491. DOI URL PMID
24	Qiu DL, Liu XH (2000). Effect of simulated acid rain on the chlorophyll a fluorescence characteristic of longan (Dimorcarpus longana) leaves. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 27, 177-181.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 邱栋梁, 刘星辉 (2000). 模拟酸雨对龙眼叶片叶绿素a荧光特性的影响. 园艺学报, 27, 177-181.]
25	Sant’Anna-Santos BF, da Silva LC, Azevedo AA, de Araújo JM, Alves EF, da Silva EAM, Aguiara R (2006). Effects of simulated acid rain on the foliar micromorphology and anatomy of tree tropical species. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 58, 158-168.
26	Santiago LS, Goldstein G, Meinzer FC, Fisher JB, Machado K, Woodruff D, Jones T (2004). Leaf photosynthetic traits scale with hydraulic conductivity and wood density in Panamanian forest canopy trees. Oecologia, 140, 543-550. DOI URL PMID
27	Sperry JS, Donnelly JR, Tyree MT (1988). A method for measuring hydraulic conductivity and embolism in xylem. Plant, Cell & Environment, 11, 35-40.
28	Sperry JS, Hacke UG, Oren R, Comstock JP (2002). Water deficits and hydraulic limits to leaf water supply. Plant, Cell & Environment, 25, 251-263.
29	Steudle E (2000). Water uptake by plant roots: an integration of views. Plant and Soil, 226, 45-56.
30	Szabó I, Bergantino E, Giacometti GM (2005). Light and oxygenic photosynthesis: energy dissipation as a protection mechanism against photo-oxidation. EMBO Reports, 6, 629-634. DOI URL PMID
31	Tournaire-Roux C, Sutka M, Javot H, Gout E, Gerbeau P, Luu DT, Bligny R, Maurel C (2003). Cytosolic pH regulates root water transport during anoxic stress through gating of aquaporins. Nature, 425, 393-397. DOI URL PMID
32	Tyree MT, Zimmermann MH (2000). Xylem Structure and the Ascent of Sap. Springer, Berlin.
33	Vance CP, Uhde C, Allan DL (2003). Phosphorus acquisition and use: critical adaptations by plants for securing a nonrenewable resource. New Phytologist, 157, 423-447.
34	Vander W, Sherwin CH, Pammenter NW (2000). Xylem hydraulic characteristics of subtropical trees from contrasting habitats grown under identical environmental conditions. New Phytologist, 145, 51-59. DOI URL
35	Wan X, Zwiazek JJ (1999). Mercuric chloride effects on root water transport in aspen seedlings. Plant Physiology, 121, 939-946. DOI URL PMID
36	Wang L, Feng JX, Wang SX, Jia CR, Wan XC (2013). The interaction of drought and slope aspect on growth of Quercus variabilis and Platycladus orientalis. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 33, 2425-2433.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 王林, 冯锦霞, 王双霞, 贾长荣, 万贤崇 (2013). 干旱和坡向的互作对栓皮栎和侧柏生长的影响. 生态学报, 33, 2425-2433.]
37	Yang JF, He LY, Zuo XD, Liu YF, Wu ZH, Zhang AQ, Zhao HE, Liu W, Yan C, Men YY (2009). Phosphorous nutritional characteristics of rice in P-deficient soils with different pH values. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 15, 62-68.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 杨建峰, 贺立源, 左雪冬, 刘艳飞, 吴照辉, 章爱群, 赵会娥, 刘伟, 严昶, 门玉英 (2009). 不同pH低磷土壤上水稻磷营养特性研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 15, 62-68.]
38	Yuan J (2013). Study on Adaptive Mechanism of Camellia oleifera to Low-phosphorus Environment. PhD dissertation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing.
	[ 袁军(2013). 油茶低磷适应机理研究. 博士学位论文, 北京林业大学, 北京.]
39	Zhang H, Yang YK, Xie DT, Wang DY (2007). Effect of acid rain on leaching loss of nitrogen and phosphorus. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 21, 22-25.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 张华, 杨永奎, 谢德体, 王定勇 (2007). 酸雨对紫色土氮磷淋失的影响. 水土保持学报, 21, 22-25.]
40	Zhang SR, Gao RF (2000). Ecophysiological characteristics of photosynthesis of hybrid poplar clones under light stress. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 28, 528-533.
	[ 张守仁, 高荣孚 (2004). 光胁迫下杂种杨无性系光合生理生态特性的研究. 植物生态学报, 24, 528-533.]
41	Zhang SR, Gao RF, Wang LJ (2004). Response of oxygen evolution activity of photosystem II, photosynthetic pigments and chloroplast ultrastructure of hybrid poplar clones to light stress. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 28, 143-149.
	[ 张守仁, 高荣孚, 王连军 (2004). 杂种杨无性系的光系统Ⅱ放氧活性、光合色素及叶绿体超微结构对光胁迫的响应. 植物生态学报, 28, 143-149.]

[1]	建周 Han Wang. A review of forest size structure studies: from statistical description to theoretical deduction [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2024, 48(预发表): 0-0.
[2]	SHI Meng-Jiao, LI Bin, YI Li-Ta, LIU Mei-Hua. Sexual divergence of Populus deltoides seedlings growth and ecophysiological response to drought and rewatering [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(8): 1159-1170.
[3]	WU Chen, CHEN Xin-Yi, LIU Yuan-Hao, HUANG Jin-Xue, XIONG De-Cheng. Effects of warming on fine root growth, mortality and turnover: a review [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(8): 1043-1054.
[4]	WU Fan, WU Chen, ZHANG Yu-Hui, YU Heng, WEI Zhi-Hua, ZHENG Wei, LIU Xiao-Fei, CHEN Shi-Dong, YANG Zhi-Jie, XIONG De-Cheng. Effects of warming on growth, morphology and physiological metabolism characteristics of fine roots in a mature Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation in different seasons [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(6): 856-866.
[5]	WANG Jing-Jing, WANG Jia-Hao, HUANG Zhi-Yun, Vanessa Chiamaka OKECHUKW, HU Die, QI Shan-Shan, DAI Zhi-Cong, DU Dao-Lin. Effects of endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria on the growth strategy of an invasive plant Sphagneticola trilobata under different nitrogen levels [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(2): 195-205.
[6]	LIU Mei-Jun, CHEN Qiu-Wen, LÜ Jin-Lin, LI Guo-Qing, DU Sheng. Seasonal dynamics of radial growth and micro-variation in stems of Quercus mongolica var. liaotungensis and Robinia pseudoacacia in loess hilly region [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(2): 227-237.
[7]	AN Fan, LI Bao-Yin, ZHONG Quan-Lin, CHENG Dong-Liang, XU Chao-Bin, ZOU Yu-Xing, ZHANG Xue, DENG Xing-Yu, LIN Qiu-Yan. Nitrogen addition affects growth and functional traits of Machilus pauhoi seedlings from different provenances [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(12): 1693-1707.
[8]	ZHU Ming-Yang, LIN Lin, SHE Yu-Long, XIAO Cheng-Cai, ZHAO Tong-Xing, HU Chun-Xiang, ZHAO Chang-You, WANG Wen-Li. Radial growth and its low-temperature threshold of Abies georgei var. smithii at different altitudes in Jiaozi Mountain, Yunnan, China [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(9): 1038-1049.
[9]	LI Yi-Ding, SANG Qing-Tian, ZHANG Hao, LIU Long-Chang, PAN Qing-Min, WANG Yu, LIU Wei, YUAN Wen-Ping. Effects of air and soil humidification on the growth of young Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica trees in semi-arid area of Nei Mongol, China [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(9): 1077-1085.
[10]	WEI Yao, MA Zhi-Yuan, ZHOU Jia-Ying, ZHANG Zhen-Hua. Experimental warming changed reproductive phenology and height of alpine plants on the Qingzang Plateau [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(9): 995-1004.
[11]	LI Xiao, PIALUANG Bounthong, KANG Wen-Hui, JI Xiao-Dong, ZHANG Hai-Jiang, XUE Zhi-Guo, ZHANG Zhi-Qiang. Responses of radial growth to climate change over the past decades in secondary Betula platyphylla forests in the mountains of northwest Hebei, China [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(8): 919-931.
[12]	WEI Long-Xin, GENG Yan, CUI Ke-Da, QIAO Xue-Tao, YUE Qing-Min, FAN Chun-Yu, ZHANG Chun-Yu, ZHAO Xiu-Hai. Responses of tree growth to harvesting intensity among forest strata and growth stages in a broadleaved Korean pine forest [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(6): 642-655.
[13]	HUANG Dong-Liu, XIANG Wei, LI Zhong-Guo, ZHU Shi-Dan. Hydraulic architecture and safety margin in ten afforestation species in a lower subtropical region [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(5): 602-612.
[14]	LI Si-Yuan, ZHANG Zhao-Xin, RAO Liang-Yi. Responses of non-structural carbohydrates and growth hormone in Morus alba seedlings to flooding stress [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(3): 311-320.
[15]	XIONG Ying-Jie, YU Guo, WEI Kai-Lu, PENG Juan, GENG Hong-Ru, YANG Dong-Mei, PENG Guo-Quan. Relationships between lamina size, vein density and vein cell wall dry mass per unit vein length of broad-leaved woody species in Tiantong Mountain, southeastern China [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(2): 136-147.