EFFECTS OF CO<sub>2</sub> ENRICHMENT, HIGH NITROGEN DEPOSITION AND HIGH PRECIPITATION ON A MODEL FOREST ECOSYSTEM IN SOUTHERN CHINA

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.06.002

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Responses of soil respiration to global change play an important role in global carbon cycling, but the effects of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO₂]), nitrogen (N) deposition and precipitation on soil respiration in subtropical China are unclear. Our objective was to test the effects of increased [CO₂], N deposition and precipitation on soil respiration and to determine how they influence soil respiration in subtropical China.
Methods A model forest ecosystem was constructed of six tree species native to South China. The species were exposed to four experimental treatments in open-top chambers beginning March 2005. Three chambers were used for elevated [CO₂] (CC), two for high N treatment (NN) and the control (CO) and one for elevated precipitation (HR). The CC treatment was achieved by supplying additional CO ₂ from a tank until the chambers had a concentration of (700 ± 20) μmol CO ₂·mol^-1. The NN treatment was achieved by spraying seedlings once a week for a total amount of NH₄NO₃ of 100 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1. The HR treatment was achieved by weekly irrigation with 100 L water.
Important findings For two years, soil respiration displayed strong seasonal patterns with higher values observed in the wet season (April to September) and lower values in the dry season (October to March) in the control chambers (CO) and the CC and NN treatments (p<0.001). There was no seasonal difference in the HR treatment (p>0.05). The CC enrichment affected soil respiration significantly (p<0.05), and there were no significant differences in annual CO₂effluxes between CO and the other two treatments. The annual CO₂ effluxes reached 4 241.7, 3 400.8, 3 432.0 and 3 308.4 g CO₂·m^-2·a^-1 in the CC, NN, HR and CO treatments, respectively. Soil respiration showed diverse responses between dry and wet seasons under different treatments. Higher soil respiration in the CC and NN treatments occurred in the wet season (p<0.05). In the dry season, soil respiration increased in the HR treatment (p<0.05) and decreased in the NN treatment (p<0.05). We found significant exponential relationships between soil respiration rates and soil temperature and significant linear relationships between soil respiration rates and soil moisture (below 15%).

Key words: CO₂ enrichment, open-top chamber (OTC), nitrogen deposition, precipitation, soil respiration

DENG Qi, ZHOU Guo-Yi, LIU Ju-Xiu, LIU Shi-Zhong, DUAN Hong-Lang, CHEN Xiao-Mei, ZHANG De-Qiang. EFFECTS OF CO<sub>2</sub> ENRICHMENT, HIGH NITROGEN DEPOSITION AND HIGH PRECIPITATION ON A MODEL FOREST ECOSYSTEM IN SOUTHERN CHINA[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2009, 33(6): 1023-1033.

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Figures/Tables 5

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处理 Treatment	时间 Time	CC	NN	HR	CO
土壤呼吸速率 Soil respiration rate (μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1)	雨季 Wet season	3.85±1.00^a*	3.19±0.80^b*	2.66±0.88^c	2.71±0.70^c*
	旱季 Dry season	2.23±0.47^ab*	1.80±0.44^c*	2.32±0.57^a	2.05±0.42^b*
	年平均值 Annual mean value	3.06±1.13^a	2.46±0.91^b	2.49±0.66^b	2.39±0.76^b
土壤温度 Soil temperature (℃)	雨季 Wet season	24.81±2.99^a*	25.10±2.87^a*	25.22±2.71^a*	25.26±2.80^a*
	旱季 Dry season	17.21±4.08^a*	17.70±4.20^a*	17.23±4.03^a*	17.26±4.11^a*
	年平均值 Annual mean value	21.05±5.22^a	21.50±5.44^a	21.16±5.25^a	21.38±5.04^a
土壤湿度 Soil moisture (%)	雨季 Wet season	25.03±4.60^a*	22.26±4.96^b*	25.76±5.16^a*	23.64±4.82^ab*
	旱季 Dry season	19.34±3.64^a*	15.01±3.84^c*	19.75±3.50^a*	17.03±3.95^b*
	年平均值 Annual mean value	22.25±5.03^a	18.71±5.73^c	20.41±5.50^a	22.83±5.34^b

处理 Treatment	时间 Time	CC	NN	HR	CO
土壤呼吸速率 Soil respiration rate (μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1)	雨季 Wet season	3.85±1.00^a*	3.19±0.80^b*	2.66±0.88^c	2.71±0.70^c*
	旱季 Dry season	2.23±0.47^ab*	1.80±0.44^c*	2.32±0.57^a	2.05±0.42^b*
	年平均值 Annual mean value	3.06±1.13^a	2.46±0.91^b	2.49±0.66^b	2.39±0.76^b
土壤温度 Soil temperature (℃)	雨季 Wet season	24.81±2.99^a*	25.10±2.87^a*	25.22±2.71^a*	25.26±2.80^a*
	旱季 Dry season	17.21±4.08^a*	17.70±4.20^a*	17.23±4.03^a*	17.26±4.11^a*
	年平均值 Annual mean value	21.05±5.22^a	21.50±5.44^a	21.16±5.25^a	21.38±5.04^a
土壤湿度 Soil moisture (%)	雨季 Wet season	25.03±4.60^a*	22.26±4.96^b*	25.76±5.16^a*	23.64±4.82^ab*
	旱季 Dry season	19.34±3.64^a*	15.01±3.84^c*	19.75±3.50^a*	17.03±3.95^b*
	年平均值 Annual mean value	22.25±5.03^a	18.71±5.73^c	20.41±5.50^a	22.83±5.34^b