Use of storage water in Larix principis-ruprechtii and its response to soil water content and potential evapotranspiration: a modeling analysis

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00411

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Water stored in the secondary xylem of the sapwood of large trees is not only a source for transpiration, but also may help avoid xylem cavitation and subsequent failure of water transfer in xylem. Our objective was to study the dynamics of tree water storage and use in order to understand the response mechanism of trees to water stress.
Methods A model simulating the diurnal pattern of water transfer within stems was designed. It combines a non-steady-state hydraulic model with a transpiration model that was based upon the Penman-Monteith equation and a Jarvis-type representation of the stomatal resistance including xylem conduct water potential (ψ_hx), vapor pressure deficit (D_s) and photosynthetically active radiation (IP). The combined model simulates the diurnal variation of water uptake, storage flow and transpiration rate directly from environmental variables. We simulated the sap flow of Larix principis-ruprechtii, which is planted in Diediegou catchments on the north sides of the Liupan Mountains, and analyzed the relationship between storage water use and environmental factors.
Important findings The hydraulic model accurately simulated diurnal patterns of measured sap flow under microclimatic conditions; the coefficient of determination (R²) between observed and simulated sap flow velocity in calibration sets was 0.91 (n = 2 532). On a typical sunny day, the highest rate of storage water use started at about 9:00 AM, decreased to zero at noon and turned to recharge throughout the afternoon until midnight. The daily storage water use varied between 0.04 and 0.58 mm·d^-1 and was positively related to transpiration. Storage water provided 25.5% of transpiration water. When potential evapotranspiration (ET_p) was < 4.9 mm·d^-1, daily storage water use (D_Jz) was positively related to ET_p_. D_Jz linearly increased with ET_p as ET_p increased, but decreased correspondingly when ET_p was >4.9 mmd^-1_. There was no significant relationship between D_Jz and soil water potential (p > 0.05), but the maximum D_Jz was positively related to soil water potential (R²= 0.79). Therefore, ET_p is the primary driving factor of water storage use, and soil water potential is the limiting factor.

Key words: Larix principis-ruprechtii, sap flow, stem water transfer model, tree water storage

SUN Lin, XIONG Wei, GUAN Wei, WANG Yan-Hui, XU Li-Hong. Use of storage water in Larix principis-ruprechtii and its response to soil water content and potential evapotranspiration: a modeling analysis[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2011, 35(4): 411-421.

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Figures/Tables 8

References 36

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样树编号 Sample tree number	胸径 DBH (cm)	树高 Tree height (m)	探头高度 Probe position (m)	探头位置树径 Diameter at probe position (cm)	边材面积 Sapwood area (cm²)	冠幅面积 Canopy area (m²)
4	13.1	9.9	1.5	13.1	78.54	16.33
17	11.2	7.1	2.0	10.0	50.84	10.25
18	6.4	11.1	2.0	5.7	19.85	6.31
25	8.5	7.9	1.5	8.5	38.42	6.31
40	9.1	8.4	1.5	9.1	43.01	6.87
51	10.2	8.6	1.5	10.2	51.93	7.94
55	10.8	7.9	1.5	10.8	57.08	8.53
65	13.0	8.1	1.5	13.0	77.55	10.77

样树编号 Sample tree number	胸径 DBH (cm)	树高 Tree height (m)	探头高度 Probe position (m)	探头位置树径 Diameter at probe position (cm)	边材面积 Sapwood area (cm²)	冠幅面积 Canopy area (m²)
4	13.1	9.9	1.5	13.1	78.54	16.33
17	11.2	7.1	2.0	10.0	50.84	10.25
18	6.4	11.1	2.0	5.7	19.85	6.31
25	8.5	7.9	1.5	8.5	38.42	6.31
40	9.1	8.4	1.5	9.1	43.01	6.87
51	10.2	8.6	1.5	10.2	51.93	7.94
55	10.8	7.9	1.5	10.8	57.08	8.53
65	13.0	8.1	1.5	13.0	77.55	10.77

参数 Parameter	定义 Definition	数值 Value	单位 Unit	来源 Source
LAI	叶面积指数 Leaf area index	3.78	m²?m^-2	观测 Observed
ρ_s	林分边材密度 Stand sapwood density	15.63	cm²?m^-2	观测 Observed
g_smax	最大叶片气孔导度 Maximum leaf stomatal conductance	36.42	mm?s^-1	拟合 Fitted
k_IP	气孔导度光辐射驱动系数 Parameter of stomatal conductance drove by PAR	5.36		拟合 Fitted
k_D_s	气孔导度水汽驱动系数 Parameter of stomatal conductance drive by Dv_p	6.22		拟合 Fitted
ψ_hx	半气孔导度木质部水势 Xylem water potential at half g_smax	-0.70	MPa	拟合Fitted
k_ψx	气孔导度木质部水势系数 Parameter of stomatal conductance limit by xylem water potential	-5.04		拟合 Fitted
C	林分树体水容 Stand tree hydraulic capacitance	0.80	kg?m^-2?MPa^-1	率定 Calibrated
r_sx	土壤-木质部导管阻力 Hydraulic resistance of soil to xylem vessels	2.80	MPa?cm^-2?min^-1?g^-1	观测 Observed
r_zx	树体储水组织-木质部导管阻力 Hydraulic resistance between xylem vessels to the organism of tree water storage	0.85	MPa?cm^-2?min^-1?g^-1	率定 Calibrated
r_xl	木质部导管-叶阻力 Hydraulic resistance of xylem vessels to leaf	2.80	MPa?cm^-2?min^-1?g^-1	率定 Calibrated
w_zmax	树体最大储水 Maximum storage water	20.00	kg?m^-2	率定 Calibrated

参数 Parameter	定义 Definition	数值 Value	单位 Unit	来源 Source
LAI	叶面积指数 Leaf area index	3.78	m²?m^-2	观测 Observed
ρ_s	林分边材密度 Stand sapwood density	15.63	cm²?m^-2	观测 Observed
g_smax	最大叶片气孔导度 Maximum leaf stomatal conductance	36.42	mm?s^-1	拟合 Fitted
k_IP	气孔导度光辐射驱动系数 Parameter of stomatal conductance drove by PAR	5.36		拟合 Fitted
k_D_s	气孔导度水汽驱动系数 Parameter of stomatal conductance drive by Dv_p	6.22		拟合 Fitted
ψ_hx	半气孔导度木质部水势 Xylem water potential at half g_smax	-0.70	MPa	拟合Fitted
k_ψx	气孔导度木质部水势系数 Parameter of stomatal conductance limit by xylem water potential	-5.04		拟合 Fitted
C	林分树体水容 Stand tree hydraulic capacitance	0.80	kg?m^-2?MPa^-1	率定 Calibrated
r_sx	土壤-木质部导管阻力 Hydraulic resistance of soil to xylem vessels	2.80	MPa?cm^-2?min^-1?g^-1	观测 Observed
r_zx	树体储水组织-木质部导管阻力 Hydraulic resistance between xylem vessels to the organism of tree water storage	0.85	MPa?cm^-2?min^-1?g^-1	率定 Calibrated
r_xl	木质部导管-叶阻力 Hydraulic resistance of xylem vessels to leaf	2.80	MPa?cm^-2?min^-1?g^-1	率定 Calibrated
w_zmax	树体最大储水 Maximum storage water	20.00	kg?m^-2	率定 Calibrated