Stress responses of Canna indica to Cd and its accumulation of Cd

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00690

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The valuable ornamental plant Canna indica is widely distributed in city gardens and on roadsides in China. Our objective was to study the stress responses of C. indica to cadmium (Cd) and its accumulation of Cd.

Methods With pot culture experiments, C. indica was cultured with different Cd concentrations. Morphological, ecological, physiological indexes were observed during the growth of C. indica. The distribution of Cd in C. indica plants was determined after harvest.

Important findings The Cd treatment of <1 mg·kg^-1had no obvious effect on growth of C. indica; however, Cd concentration of >5 mg·kg ^-1 inhibited growth. The flowering period was prolonged with <5 mg·kg ^-1Cd concentration. With increasing Cd concentration, root activity, chlorophyll and water content all decreased, soluble sugar content initially increased and then decreased, and free proline content and permeability of cell membrane increased gradually. The distribution of Cd in C. indica was root > shoot. With increasing Cd concentration of the medium, Cd concentration in shoots and roots increased; however, the accumulator and translocation factors decreased gradually. The maximum accumulation of Cd in C. indica was 5.89 mg·plant ^-1with the treatment of 20 mg·kg^-1. It is concluded that C. indica is suitable for landscaping use when the Cd concentration in soil is <1 mg·kg ^-1.

Key words: accumulation, Canna indica, Cd, stress response

ZHANG Cheng-Xiang, CHEN Wei-Feng. Stress responses of Canna indica to Cd and its accumulation of Cd[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2012, 36(7): 690-696.

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Figures/Tables 6

References 27

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Cd²⁺处理浓度 Cd²⁺ treatment concentration (mg·kg^-1)	叶面积 Leaf area (cm²)	分蘖数 Tiller number	地上生物量 Shoot biomass (g)	根系生物量 Root biomass (g)	绿期 Green period (d)	花期 Flowering period (d)
0	683.3 ± 20.77^a	6.7 ± 0.67^ab	80.2 ± 2.90^a	63.7 ± 1.42^a	201.0 ± 2.52^a	47.3 ± 1.45^bc
0.5	688.5 ± 36.09^a	7.0 ± 0.57^a	76.9 ± 0.29^a	57.7 ± 2.44^b	203.3 ± 7.45^a	48.7 ± 1.76^bc
1	658.3 ± 14.30^a	6.3 ± 0.88^ab	75.9 ± 0.09^ab	58.5 ± 1.04^ab	196.0 ± 6.51^a	49.7 ± 1.86^b
5	655.2 ± 36.03^a	5.7 ± 0.67^ab	74.7 ± 0.67^ab	57.6 ± 2.27^b	200.7 ± 4.37^a	54.0 ± 1.16^a
10	639.6 ± 9.01^a	5.0 ± 0.58^ab	70.9 ± 2.14^b	48.6 ± 2.81^c	190.3 ± 7.42^a	46.7 ± 0.88^c
20	623.0 ± 9.92^a	4.3 ± 0.67^b	64.5 ± 0.61^c	33.6 ± 1.68^d	184.3 ± 2.33^a	46.3 ± 1.45^c

Cd²⁺处理浓度 Cd²⁺ treatment concentration (mg·kg^-1)	叶面积 Leaf area (cm²)	分蘖数 Tiller number	地上生物量 Shoot biomass (g)	根系生物量 Root biomass (g)	绿期 Green period (d)	花期 Flowering period (d)
0	683.3 ± 20.77^a	6.7 ± 0.67^ab	80.2 ± 2.90^a	63.7 ± 1.42^a	201.0 ± 2.52^a	47.3 ± 1.45^bc
0.5	688.5 ± 36.09^a	7.0 ± 0.57^a	76.9 ± 0.29^a	57.7 ± 2.44^b	203.3 ± 7.45^a	48.7 ± 1.76^bc
1	658.3 ± 14.30^a	6.3 ± 0.88^ab	75.9 ± 0.09^ab	58.5 ± 1.04^ab	196.0 ± 6.51^a	49.7 ± 1.86^b
5	655.2 ± 36.03^a	5.7 ± 0.67^ab	74.7 ± 0.67^ab	57.6 ± 2.27^b	200.7 ± 4.37^a	54.0 ± 1.16^a
10	639.6 ± 9.01^a	5.0 ± 0.58^ab	70.9 ± 2.14^b	48.6 ± 2.81^c	190.3 ± 7.42^a	46.7 ± 0.88^c
20	623.0 ± 9.92^a	4.3 ± 0.67^b	64.5 ± 0.61^c	33.6 ± 1.68^d	184.3 ± 2.33^a	46.3 ± 1.45^c

Cd²⁺处理浓度 Cd²⁺treatment concentration (mg·kg^-1)	P (μmol)	W_CO2 (g)	W_O2 (g)	E (mol)	ΔT (℃)	Δf (%)
0	53.14 ± 3.54^a	1.87 ± 0.13^a	1.36 ± 0.09^a	22.90 ± 0.43^a	0.81 ± 0.02^a	1.81 ± 0.03^a
0.5	51.29 ± 2.70^ab	1.80 ± 0.09^a	1.31 ± 0.07^ab	22.40 ± 0.30^ab	0.79 ± 0.01^ab	1.76 ± 0.01^ab
1	51.33 ± 2.87^ab	1.81 ± 0.10^a	1.31 ± 0.07^ab	21.17 ± 1.05^bc	0.74 ± 0.04^bc	1.65 ± 0.09^bc
5	48.61 ± 2.86^ab	1.71 ± 0.10^ab	1.25 ± 0.07^ab	20.03 ± 0.41^cd	0.70 ± 0.01c	1.57 ± 0.03^cd
10	44.80 ± 1.77^bc	1.58 ± 0.06^bc	1.15 ± 0.05^bc	19.79 ± 0.28^d	0.70 ± 0.01^c	1.55 ± 0.03^cd
20	41.69 ± 1.06^c	1.47 ± 0.04^c	1.07 ± 0.03^c	18.36 ± 0.34^e	0.65 ± 0.02^d	1.44 ± 0.03^d

Cd²⁺处理浓度 Cd²⁺treatment concentration (mg·kg^-1)	P (μmol)	W_CO2 (g)	W_O2 (g)	E (mol)	ΔT (℃)	Δf (%)
0	53.14 ± 3.54^a	1.87 ± 0.13^a	1.36 ± 0.09^a	22.90 ± 0.43^a	0.81 ± 0.02^a	1.81 ± 0.03^a
0.5	51.29 ± 2.70^ab	1.80 ± 0.09^a	1.31 ± 0.07^ab	22.40 ± 0.30^ab	0.79 ± 0.01^ab	1.76 ± 0.01^ab
1	51.33 ± 2.87^ab	1.81 ± 0.10^a	1.31 ± 0.07^ab	21.17 ± 1.05^bc	0.74 ± 0.04^bc	1.65 ± 0.09^bc
5	48.61 ± 2.86^ab	1.71 ± 0.10^ab	1.25 ± 0.07^ab	20.03 ± 0.41^cd	0.70 ± 0.01c	1.57 ± 0.03^cd
10	44.80 ± 1.77^bc	1.58 ± 0.06^bc	1.15 ± 0.05^bc	19.79 ± 0.28^d	0.70 ± 0.01^c	1.55 ± 0.03^cd
20	41.69 ± 1.06^c	1.47 ± 0.04^c	1.07 ± 0.03^c	18.36 ± 0.34^e	0.65 ± 0.02^d	1.44 ± 0.03^d

Cd²⁺处理浓度 Cd²⁺treatment concentration (mg·kg^-1)	叶绿素a/b Chlorophyll a/b	叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content (mg·g^-1)	根系活力 Root activity (μg·g^-1·h^-1)	细胞膜透性 Permeability of cell membrane	含水量 Water content (%)	游离脯氨酸含量 Free proline content (μg·g^-1)	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content (μg·g^-1)
0	3.45 ± 0.25^a	1.59 ± 0.15^a	5.74 ± 0.19^a	0.27 ± 0.01^c	84.1 ± 1.30^a	87.4 ± 12.80^d	2 198.6 ± 39.80^bc
0.5	3.54 ± 0.23^a	1.54 ± 0.02^a	5.48 ± 0.31^ab	0.30 ± 0.05^c	82.5 ± 1.18^a	155.7 ± 8.32^cd	2 089.6 ± 41.38^bc
1	4.30 ± 0.54^a	1.52 ± 0.20^a	5.48 ± 0.51^ab	0.40 ± 0.02^b	81.2 ± 2.58^a	175.3 ± 4.07^bcd	2 385.4 ± 36.92^b
5	5.12 ± 0.31^a	1.30 ± 0.09^a	5.30 ± 0.15^ab	0.41 ± 0.01^b	82.4 ± 1.18^a	243.2 ± 31.26^abc	3 068.6 ± 131.90^a
10	4.59 ± 0.52^a	1.31 ± 0.06^a	4.72 ± 0.27^ab	0.45 ± 0.02^ab	74.4 ± 1.63^b	256.5 ± 41.32^ab	2 330.6 ± 330.21^b
20	4.60 ± 0.10^a	1.26 ± 0.16^a	4.49 ± 0.42^ab	0.51 ± 0.01^a	74.2 ± 2.09^b	273.0 ± 37.17^a	1 752.2 ± 101.85^c