Progress in studies of carbon source/sink and emission reduction strategies in vineyard ecosystem

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0252

Abstract

Abstract:

The vineyard ecosystem is an important part of agro-ecosystem, and contiguous vineyards have important ecological values. The research on carbon source/sink in vineyard ecosystem is an indispensable content of our understanding of carbon cycling. The mechanisms of carbon cycling and the carbon sink function of vineyard ecosystem have become hot topics. We found that a large amount of carbon was fixed in vineyard ecosystem that was distributed in annual organs (fruit, etc), perennial organs (trunk, etc) and soil carbon pool. The carbon input flux of the vineyard ecosystem was greater than the carbon output flux, suggesting a carbon sink. Soil was the largest carbon pool of vineyard ecosystem, accounting for 70% of total carbon stock, especially the soil-vines interface. Covering and non-tillage can reduce carbon emissions and increase soil fertility in vineyards. In order to clarify the carbon sink functions of vineyard ecosystem, we reviewed the latest research progress in the field, including the mechanisms of carbon cycling, and the strategies of carbon emission reduction. This paper provides a theoretical basis and prospects for future research directions and application.

Key words: vineyard ecosystem, carbon cycling, carbon source, carbon sink, carbon stock, carbon reduction strategies

ZHANG Liang, WANG Zhi-Lei, XUE Ting-Ting, HAO Xiao-Yun, YANG Chen-Lu, GAO Fei-Fei, WANG Ying, HAN Xing, LI Hua, WANG Hua. Progress in studies of carbon source/sink and emission reduction strategies in vineyard ecosystem[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2020, 44(3): 179-191.

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2020/V44/I3/179

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References 86

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	葡萄器官 Vine organs	碳储量 Carbon stock (t·hm^-2)	碳去向 Carbon distribution	总碳储量 Total carbon stock (t·hm^-2)	比重 Proportion (%)
一年生器官 Annual organs	果实 Fruit	1.7	26%碳通过皮和种子回归土壤 26% carbon return to soil through skin and seeds	3.4	28
	叶 Leaves	0.6	100%碳通过凋落回归土壤 100% carbon return to soil by litter
	一年生枝 Canes	1.1	50%碳分配给当年浆果 50% carbon allocated to berries
多年生器官 Perennial organs	主干和主蔓 Trunk and cordons	4.8	35%-50%碳分配给当年浆果 35%-50% carbon allocated to berries	8.9	72
多年生器官 Perennial organs	根 Roots	4.1	部分碳分泌到土壤中 Part of carbon secreted into soil	8.9	72

	葡萄器官 Vine organs	碳储量 Carbon stock (t·hm^-2)	碳去向 Carbon distribution	总碳储量 Total carbon stock (t·hm^-2)	比重 Proportion (%)
一年生器官 Annual organs	果实 Fruit	1.7	26%碳通过皮和种子回归土壤 26% carbon return to soil through skin and seeds	3.4	28
	叶 Leaves	0.6	100%碳通过凋落回归土壤 100% carbon return to soil by litter
	一年生枝 Canes	1.1	50%碳分配给当年浆果 50% carbon allocated to berries
多年生器官 Perennial organs	主干和主蔓 Trunk and cordons	4.8	35%-50%碳分配给当年浆果 35%-50% carbon allocated to berries	8.9	72
多年生器官 Perennial organs	根 Roots	4.1	部分碳分泌到土壤中 Part of carbon secreted into soil	8.9	72

管理技术 Management technology	措施 Measures	碳储量变化 Change of carbon stock	控制机理 Mechanisms
农艺措施 Agronomic measures	耕作 Tillage	免耕>耕作 Non-tillage > tillage	干预越小, 系统碳分解越少 Reduce intervention, reduce carbon decomposition of ecosystem
	施肥 Fertilization	碳储量增加 Carbon stock increase	增加土壤有机质 Increase soil organic matter
	喷药 Pesticide	碳储量降低 Carbon stock decrease	增加干预和降低土壤活性 Increase intervention and reduce soil activity
	灌溉 Irrigation	碳储量降低 Carbon stock decrease	增加生态系统的人为干预 Increase human intervention in ecosystem
	修剪 Pruning	碳储量增加 Carbon stock increase	增加土壤有机质 Increase soil organic matter
	收割 Harvest	碳储量增加 Carbon stock increase	增加土壤有机质 Increase soil organic matter
	种植方式 Establishment method	常规葡萄园碳储量低于有机葡萄园 Carbon stock of conventional vineyard lower than organic vineyard	有机葡萄园免耕土壤储存更多有机质 Organic vineyard increases organic matter in non- tillage soil
田间管理 Farmland management	复种 Multiple cropping	碳储量增加 Carbon stock increase	增加土壤有机质 Increase soil organic matter
	覆盖 Covering	碳储量增加 Carbon stock increase	增加土壤有机质 Increase soil organic matter
	轮作 Rotation	碳储量增加 Carbon stock increase	增加土壤有机质 Increase soil organic matter
	运输 Transport	碳储量降低 Carbon stock decrease	增加生态系统的人为干预 Increase human intervention in ecosystem
其他因素 Other factors	区域 Region	不同区域碳储量不同 Different carbon stock in region	不同区域的气候和土壤质地不同 Different climates and soil textures in region
	品种 Variety	红葡萄品种碳储量高于白葡萄品种 Red variety of carbon stock higher than white variety	不同葡萄品种的生物特性不同 Different biological characteristics of variety
	树龄 Age	树龄越大植株碳储量越高 The more carbon stock in the older	葡萄作为碳汇, 逐年积累 Accumulation of vine year by year, as carbon sink
	生长季 Growing season	植株生长季碳储量最高 The most carbon stock in growing season	生长季是一个净碳汇 A net carbon sink
	温度 Temperature	温度越高碳储量越低 The higher temperature, the lower carbon stock	温度越高土壤有机质分解越快 The higher temperature, the faster decomposition of soil organic matter

管理技术 Management technology	措施 Measures	碳储量变化 Change of carbon stock	控制机理 Mechanisms
农艺措施 Agronomic measures	耕作 Tillage	免耕>耕作 Non-tillage > tillage	干预越小, 系统碳分解越少 Reduce intervention, reduce carbon decomposition of ecosystem
	施肥 Fertilization	碳储量增加 Carbon stock increase	增加土壤有机质 Increase soil organic matter
	喷药 Pesticide	碳储量降低 Carbon stock decrease	增加干预和降低土壤活性 Increase intervention and reduce soil activity
	灌溉 Irrigation	碳储量降低 Carbon stock decrease	增加生态系统的人为干预 Increase human intervention in ecosystem
	修剪 Pruning	碳储量增加 Carbon stock increase	增加土壤有机质 Increase soil organic matter
	收割 Harvest	碳储量增加 Carbon stock increase	增加土壤有机质 Increase soil organic matter
	种植方式 Establishment method	常规葡萄园碳储量低于有机葡萄园 Carbon stock of conventional vineyard lower than organic vineyard	有机葡萄园免耕土壤储存更多有机质 Organic vineyard increases organic matter in non- tillage soil
田间管理 Farmland management	复种 Multiple cropping	碳储量增加 Carbon stock increase	增加土壤有机质 Increase soil organic matter
	覆盖 Covering	碳储量增加 Carbon stock increase	增加土壤有机质 Increase soil organic matter
	轮作 Rotation	碳储量增加 Carbon stock increase	增加土壤有机质 Increase soil organic matter
	运输 Transport	碳储量降低 Carbon stock decrease	增加生态系统的人为干预 Increase human intervention in ecosystem
其他因素 Other factors	区域 Region	不同区域碳储量不同 Different carbon stock in region	不同区域的气候和土壤质地不同 Different climates and soil textures in region
	品种 Variety	红葡萄品种碳储量高于白葡萄品种 Red variety of carbon stock higher than white variety	不同葡萄品种的生物特性不同 Different biological characteristics of variety
	树龄 Age	树龄越大植株碳储量越高 The more carbon stock in the older	葡萄作为碳汇, 逐年积累 Accumulation of vine year by year, as carbon sink
	生长季 Growing season	植株生长季碳储量最高 The most carbon stock in growing season	生长季是一个净碳汇 A net carbon sink
	温度 Temperature	温度越高碳储量越低 The higher temperature, the lower carbon stock	温度越高土壤有机质分解越快 The higher temperature, the faster decomposition of soil organic matter