Effects of ramet ratio on photosynthetic physiology of Indocalamus decorus clonal system under heterogeneous light environment

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0206

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Differences in number of ramets or biomass ratio might have remarkable effects on the adaptability of plant clonal systems to resource heterogeneity. Connected-ramets of bamboo, with lignified rhizomes, usually grow in heterogeneous light environment, but little is known about the response of photosynthetic physiological characteristics in the ramet leaves to heterogeneous light environment and the effects of ramet ratio. Methods The clonal system with four-connected ramets of Indocalamus decorus was grown in the two different shading rates (50% ± 5% and 75% ± 5%) and in the three levels of ramet ratios (the ratios of shaded to unshaded ramets are 1:3, 2:2 and 3:1, respectively). The light response characteristics, gas exchange parameters and photosynthetic pigment content of shaded and unshaded ramets under heterogeneous light conditions were measured at 30, 90 and 150 days after shading treatment, respectively. Important findings The ramet ratio, and its interaction with shading and treatment time had significant effects on photosynthetic physiology of I. decorus. With the increase in the proportion of shaded ramets, leaves apparent quantum efficiency (AQE), light saturation point, maximum net photosynthetic rate (P_{n max}), net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), transpiration rate (T_r), and water use efficiency increased, but light compensation point and dark respiration rate decreased, indicating higher photosynthetic efficiency and light utilization of shaded ramets, whereas the reverse was true for connected unshaded ramets. Furthermore, leaves chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents of the shaded ramets firstly increased and then decreased, while both the carotenoid content of shaded ramet and photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid) contents of the unshaded ramets all decreased continuously. Besides, under the same ramet ratio, AQE, P_{n max}, P_n, G_s, C_i and photosynthetic pigments content of leaves in shaded ramets increased with the increment of shading rate, while leaves P_{n max}, C_i and carotenoid contents of the unshaded ramets decreased. Our results indicated that photosynthetic efficiency and light utilization of shaded ramets significantly increased in the heterogeneous light environment, whereas the reverse was true for unshaded ramets. These exhibited obvious division of labor in the clonal system, and ramet ratio of 2:2 and 3:1 showed the better adaptability to heterogeneous light environment than that of 1:3. Therefore, those findings highlighted I. decorus could largely enhance the fitness of the clonal system to adapt to the heterogeneous light environment by modifying the leaf photosynthetic physiology and photosynthetic pigments content, which improved the light utilization and photosynthetic efficiency of the shaded ramets.

Key words: Indocalamus decorus, ramet ratio, heterogeneous light environment, photosynthetic physiology, physiological integration, clonal plant

Li-Ting YANG, Yan-Yan XIE, Ke-Yi ZUO, Sen XU, Rui GU, Shuang-Lin CHEN, Zi-Wu GUO. Effects of ramet ratio on photosynthetic physiology of Indocalamus decorus clonal system under heterogeneous light environment[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(1): 88-101.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0206

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2022/V46/I1/88

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the experimental design of Indocalamus decorus clonal system exposed to different shading levels. 1:3, 2:2 and 3:1 referred to the ratio of shaded ramets to unshaded ones, respectively.

Table 1 Statistical results of three-way ANOVA for leaf light response parameters of shaded ramets of Indocalamus decorus clonal system under heterogeneous light environment

变异来源 Variation source	df	AQE		LCP		LSP		P_{n max}		R_d
变异来源 Variation source	df	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
分株比例 Ramet ratio (R)	2, 53	26.7	<0.001	19.1	<0.001	24.6	<0.001	8.7	0.001	12.2	<0.001
遮光率 Shading rate (S)	1, 53	6.3	0.017	7.5	0.010	32.4	<0.001	5.3	0.027	0.1	0.763
处理时间 Treatment time (T)	2, 53	79.6	<0.001	59.8	<0.001	255.6	<0.001	151.6	<0.001	16.7	<0.001
分株比例×遮光率 R × S	2, 53	9.0	0.001	1.8	0.181	3.5	0.042	0.9	0.420	9.7	<0.001
分株比例×处理时间 R × T	4, 53	4.6	0.004	3.9	0.010	2.4	0.073	0.3	0.896	2.8	0.041
遮光率×处理时间 S × T	2, 53	8.3	0.001	14.2	<0.001	1.4	0.261	4.8	0.014	34.0	<0.001
分株比例×遮光率×处理时间 R × S × T	4, 53	7.1	<0.001	5.0	0.002	7.3	<0.001	1.5	0.213	3.2	0.025

Table 2 Statistical results of three-way ANOVA for leaf light response parameters of unshaded ramets of Indocalamus decorus clonal system under heterogeneous light environment

变异来源 Variation source	df	AQE		LCP		LSP		P_{n max}		R_d
变异来源 Variation source	df	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
分株比例 Ramet ratio (R)	2, 53	31.6	<0.001	10.3	<0.001	76.5	<0.001	28.9	<0.001	32.5	<0.001
遮光率 Shading rate (S)	1, 53	38.4	<0.001	41.6	<0.001	33.1	<0.001	3.8	0.062	8.1	0.007
处理时间 Treatment time (T)	2, 53	174.6	<0.001	55.8	<0.001	120.9	<0.001	270.9	<0.001	117.5	<0.001
分株比例×遮光率 R × S	2, 53	0.9	0.427	6.0	0.006	3.2	0.054	2.6	0.089	10.2	<0.001
分株比例×处理时间 R × T	4, 53	2.7	0.048	4.1	0.008	8.1	<0.001	5.5	0.001	2.3	0.080
遮光率×处理时间 S × T	2, 53	3.0	0.064	34.2	<0.001	15.5	<0.001	9.9	<0.001	2.3	0.110
分株比例×遮光率×处理时间 R × S × T	4, 53	0.3	0.909	8.1	<0.001	15.6	<0.001	4.1	0.008	2.5	0.059

Fig. 2 Light response characteristics of shaded ramets of Indocalamus decorus clonal system under heterogeneous light environment (mean ± SD). 1:3, 2:2 and 3:1 referred to the ratio of shaded ramets to unshaded ones, respectively. The shading rate is 50% and 75%, respectively. AQE, apparent quantum efficiency; LCP, light compensation point; LSP, light saturation point; Pn max, maximum net photosynthetic rate; Rd, dark respiration rate. Uppercase letters indicated the comparison between different treatment times for the same treatment; lowercase letters indicated the comparison between the different treatments at the same time, different letters represented significant difference at the level of p < 0.05.

Fig. 3 Light response characteristics of unshaded ramets of Indocalamus decorus clonal system under heterogeneous light environment (mean ± SD). 1:3, 2:2 and 3:1 referred to the ratio of shaded ramets to unshaded ones, respectively; 0% (50%), unshaded ramets connected to 50% shaded ramets; 0% (75%), unshaded ramets connected to 75% shaded ramets. AQE, apparent quantum efficiency; LCP, light compensation point; LSP, light saturation point; Pn max, maximum net photosynthetic rate; Rd, dark respiration rate. Uppercase letters indicated the comparison between the different treatment times for the same treatment; lowercase letters indicated the comparison between the different treatments at the same time, different letters represented significant difference at the level of p < 0.05.

Table 3 Statistical results of three-way ANOVA for leaf photosynthetic parameters of shaded ramets of Indocalamus decorus clonal system under heterogeneous light environment

变异来源 Variation source	df	P_n		G_s		C_i		T_r		WUE
变异来源 Variation source	df	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
分株比例 Ramet ratio (R)	2, 53	33.4	<0.001	180.2	<0.001	4.9	0.013	16.9	<0.001	47.1	<0.001
遮光率 Shading rate (S)	1, 53	3.4	0.072	12.4	0.001	7.1	0.011	1.6	0.220	112.1	<0.001
处理时间 Treatment time (T)	2, 53	240.5	<0.001	5 486.6	<0.001	73.0	<0.001	154.2	<0.001	221.6	<0.001
分株比例×遮光率 R × S	2, 53	14.5	<0.001	596.0	<0.001	2.9	0.066	10.4	<0.001	4.8	0.014
分株比例×处理时间 R × T	4, 53	14.2	<0.001	26.5	<0.001	2.2	0.089	33.6	<0.001	1.2	0.318
遮光率×处理时间 S × T	2, 53	6.9	0.003	609.4	<0.001	16.8	<0.001	8.7	0.001	59.1	<0.001
分株比例×遮光率×处理时间 R × S × T	4, 53	7.0	<0.001	36.9	<0.001	2.2	0.087	3.1	0.026	12.6	<0.001

Table 4 Statistical results of three-way ANOVA for leaf photosynthetic parameters of unshaded ramets of Indocalamus decorus clonal system under heterogeneous light environment

变异来源 Variation source	df	P_n		G_s		C_i		T_r		WUE
变异来源 Variation source	df	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
分株比例 Ramet ratio (R)	2, 53	99.2	<0.001	344.6	<0.001	16.8	<0.001	18.9	<0.001	47.5	<0.001
遮光率 Shading rate (S)	1, 53	15.0	<0.001	62.0	<0.001	22.6	<0.001	0.7	0.412	63.9	<0.001
处理时间 Treatment time (T)	2, 53	984.4	<0.001	2 657.9	<0.001	172.4	<0.001	73.7	<0.001	305.8	<0.001
分株比例×遮光率 R × S	2, 53	92.8	<0.001	151.2	<0.001	18.3	<0.001	6.6	0.004	167.4	<0.001
分株比例×处理时间 R × T	4, 53	4.9	0.003	43.4	<0.001	4.3	0.006	2.3	0.082	26.4	<0.001
遮光率×处理时间 S × T	2, 53	23.8	<0.001	366.9	<0.001	9.3	0.001	4.1	0.026	52.9	<0.001
分株比例×遮光率×处理时间 R × S × T	4, 53	50.7	<0.001	88.0	<0.001	4.2	0.007	5.7	0.001	31.5	<0.001

Fig. 4 Photosynthetic parameters of shaded ramets of Indocalamus decorus clonal system under heterogeneous light environment (mean ± SD). 1:3, 2:2 and 3:1 referred to the ratio of shaded ramets to unshaded ones, respectively. The shading rate is 50% and 75%, respectively. Ci, intercellular CO2 concentration; Gs, stomatal conductance; Pn, net photosynthetic rate; Tr, transpiration rate; WUE, water use efficiency. Uppercase letters indicated the comparison between the different treatment times for the same treatment; lowercase letters indicated the comparison between the different treatments at the same time, different letters represented significant difference at the level of p < 0.05.

Fig. 5 Photosynthetic parameters of unshaded ramets of Indocalamus decorus clonal system under heterogeneous light environment (mean ± SD). 1:3, 2:2, and 3:1 referred to the ratios of shaded ramets to unshaded ones, respectively. 0% (50%), unshaded ramets connected to 50% shading ramets; 0% (75%), unshaded ramets connected to 75% shading ramets. Ci, intercellular CO2 concentration; Gs, stomatal conductance; Pn, net photosynthetic rate; Tr, transpiration rate; WUE, water use efficiency. Uppercase letters indicated the comparison between the different treatment times for the same treatment; lowercase letters indicated the comparison between the different treatments at the same time, different letters represented significant difference at the level of p < 0.05.

Table 5 Statistical results of three-way ANOVA for photosynthetic pigment content of shaded ramets of Indocalamus decorus clonal system under heterogeneous light environment

变异来源 Variation source	df	Chl a		Chl b		Car
变异来源 Variation source	df	F	p	F	p	F	p
分株比例 Ramet ratio (R)	2, 53	111.7	<0.001	50.7	<0.001	43.5	<0.001
遮光率 Shading rate (S)	1, 53	131.5	<0.001	318.3	<0.001	75.5	<0.001
处理时间 Treatment time (T)	2, 53	61.7	<0.001	140.2	<0.001	149.1	<0.001
分株比例×遮光率 R × S	2, 53	3.2	0.053	0.3	0.733	31.9	<0.001
分株比例×处理时间 R × T	4, 53	9.5	<0.001	3.4	0.019	5.0	0.003
遮光率×处理时间 S × T	2, 53	8.7	0.001	35.5	<0.001	58.7	<0.001
分株比例×遮光率×处理时间 R × S × T	4, 53	12.5	<0.001	9.5	<0.001	9.2	<0.001

Table 6 Statistical results of three-way ANOVA for photosynthetic pigment content of unshaded ramets of Indocalamus decorus clonal system under heterogeneous light environment

变异来源 Variation source	df	Chl a		Chl b		Car
变异来源 Variation source	df	F	p	F	p	F	p
分株比例 Ramet ratio (R)	2, 53	415.3	<0.001	314.7	<0.001	272.4	<0.001
遮光率 Shading rate (S)	1, 53	0.7	0.404	31.9	<0.001	28.2	<0.001
处理时间 Treatment time (T)	2, 53	298.8	<0.001	350.3	<0.001	211.2	<0.001
分株比例×遮光率 R × S	2, 53	8.7	0.001	11.8	<0.001	15.7	<0.001
分株比例×处理时间 R × T	4, 53	17.2	<0.001	8.6	<0.001	12.1	<0.001
遮光率×处理时间 S × T	2, 53	9.9	<0.001	19.4	<0.001	52.2	<0.001
分株比例×遮光率×处理时间 R × S × T	4, 53	44.5	<0.001	48.8	<0.001	50.0	<0.001

Fig. 6 Photosynthetic pigment content of shaded ramets (A, C, E) and unshaded ramets (B, D, F) of Indocalamus decorus clonal system under heterogeneous light environment (mean ± SD). 1:3, 2:2 and 3:1 referred to the ratios of shaded ramets to unshaded ones, respectively. The shading rate is 50% and 75%, respectively. 0% (50%), unshaded ramets connected to 50% shaded ramets; 0% (75%), unshaded ramets connected to 75% shaded ramets. Chl a, chlorophyll a; Chl b, chlorophyll b; Car, carotenoid. Uppercase letters indicated the comparison between the different treatment times for the same treatment; lowercase letters indicated the comparison between the different treatments at the same time, different letters represented significant difference at the level of p < 0.05.

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