Photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in Schima superba seedlings under different level of nitrogen addition and NH4+-N to NO3--N ratio

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0379

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims This study aims to investigate the effects of varying nitrogen (N) addition levels and NH₄⁺-N to NO₃^--N ratios on the photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Schima superba, a dominant subtropical tree species. The objective is to clarify the short-term response mechanisms of photosynthesis physiology and growth of S. superba to different N nutrient environments.

Methods One-year-old seedlings of S. superba were rooted in sand potted sand culture nutrient solution with three N addition levels: 0.5 (low N), 1.0 (medium N), and 2.0 (high N) mmol·L^-1, and seven NH₄⁺-N to NO₃^--N ratios: 10:0, 8:2, 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, 2:8, 0:10. After 180 d of treatment, the photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll content, biomass, and root-shoot ratio of S. superba seedlings were determined.

Important findings (1) Across the 21 experimental treatments with varying N addition levels and NH₄⁺-N to NO₃^--N ratios, the net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), transpiration rate (T_r), chlorophyll (a + b) content, aboveground biomass, and total biomass of S. superba seedlings were highest at the 4:6 ratio under high and medium N addition levels. However, these traits were highest at the 10:0 ratio under the low N addition level. The underground biomass peaked at the 4:6 ratio under high N addition, and at the 6:4 ratio under medium and low N addition levels. The root-shoot ratio was highest at the 10:0 ratio under high and medium N addition levels and at 6:4 ratio under low N addition. (2) The P_n, G_s, T_r, chlorophyll (a + b) content, aboveground biomass, and total biomass of S. superba seedlings were the highest under the high N addition level across all ratios except 10:0. The water use efficiency, underground biomass, and root-shoot ratio were highest under the low N addition level. (3) The chlorophyll fluorescence intensity was more pronounced under the high N addition level and significantly decreased at 4:6 ratio compared to other ratios under low N addition. The deviation of the OJIP curve was greatest at 0:10 ratio under medium N addition level. The fluorescence values in the J-I segment at ratios of 10:0, 0:10, 8:2, 2:8 under low N addition level, the O-J and J-I segments at ratios of 0:10, 8:2, 2:8, 4:6 under medium N addition, the J-I segment at ratios of 0:10, 2:8, 6:4, and the I-P segment at ratios of 0:10 and 4:6 were increased under high N addition. There was no significant difference in the deviation of the OJIP curve across three N addition levels, indicating that low N addition (N stress) and highly unbalanced ammonium to nitrate N ratios (10:0 and 0:10) did not stress the growth of S. superba seedlings. Overall, the energy utilization of the PSII reaction center could be optimized, photosynthetic capacity effectively improved, and aboveground growth and biomass accumulation promoted in S. superba seedlings under appropriate N addition levels and NH₄⁺-N to NO₃^--N ratios. Under low N addition, the S. superba enhanced underground root growth to obtain more nutrients for development, although the photosynthetic capacity was weaker and the biomass accumulation was lower.

Key words: nitrogen addition, NH₄⁺-N to NO₃^--N ratio, photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence, Schima superba

YAN Xiao-Li, LIU Gui-Mei, LI Xiao-Yu, JIANG Yu-Xiang, QUAN Xiao-Qiang, WANG Yan-Ru, QU Lu-Ping, TANG Xing-Hao. Photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in Schima superba seedlings under different level of nitrogen addition and NH₄⁺-N to NO₃^--N ratio[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2025, 49(4): 624-637.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0379

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Figures/Tables 6

Table 1 Formulas and terms used in OJIP curve analysis

参数和公式 Parameter and formula	生物学意义 Biological meaning
ABS/CS_m = F_m	单位面积吸收的光能 Light energy absorbed per unit area
TR_o/CS_m = φP_o (ABS/CS_m)	单位面积捕获的光能 Light energy captured per unit area
ET_o/CS_m = φE_o (ABS/CS_m)	单位面积电子传递的量子产额 Quantum yield of electron transport per unit area
DI_o/CS_m = (ABS/CS_m) - (TR_o/CS_m)	单位面积的热耗散 Heat dissipation per unit area
ABS/RC = M_o × (1/V_j) × (1/φP_o)	单位反应中心吸收的光能 Unit of light energy absorbed by the reaction center
TR_o/RC = M_o × (1/V_j)	单位反应中心捕获的用于初级电子受体(Q_A)的能量 Unit of energy captured by the reaction center for primary electron acceptor (Q_A)
ET_o/RC = M_o × (1/V_j) × ψ_o	单位反应中心捕获的用于电子传递的能量 A unit of energy captured by a reaction center for electron transport
DI_o/RC = ABS/RC - TR_o/RC	单位反应中心耗散掉的能量 Unit of energy dissipated from the reaction center
PI_abs = (RC/ABS)[φP_o/(1 − φP_o)][ψ_o/(1 − ψ_o)]	以吸收光能为基础的性能指数 Performance index based on absorption of light energy

Fig. 1 Photosynthetic characteristics parameters of Schima superba seedlings under different nitrogen addition levels (x) and NH4+-N to NO3--N ratios (y) (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between varying nitrogen addition levels and NH4+-N to NO3--N ratios (p < 0.05). LN, MN and HN simplified as nitrogen addition level of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mmol·L-1, respectively. **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

Fig. 2 Chlorophyll (Chl) content of Schima superba seedlings under varying nitrogen addition levels (x) and NH4+-N to NO3--N ratios (y) (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different nitrogen addition levels and NH4+-N to NO3--N ratios (p < 0.05). LN, MN and HN simplified as nitrogen addition level 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mmol·L-1, respectively. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

Fig. 3 Chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic curves of Schima superba seedlings under varying nitrogen addition levels and NH4+-N to NO3--N ratios. LN, MN and HN simplified as nitrogen addition level 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mmol·L-1, respectively. Vt, relatively variable fluorescence; ΔVt, differences in relative variable fluorescence.

Fig. 4 Comparative radar map of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in Schima superba seedlings under varying nitrogen addition levels and NH4+-N to NO3--N ratios. LN, MN and HN simplified as nitrogen addition level 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mmol·L-1, respectively. Parameters see Table 1.

Fig. 5 Biomass of Schima superba seedlings under varying nitrogen addition levels (x) and NH4+-N to NO3--N ratios (y) (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different nitrogen addition levels and NH4+-N to NO3--N ratio (p < 0.05). LN, MN and HN simplified as nitrogen addition level 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mmol·L-1, respectively. **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ns, p > 0.05.

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Photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in Schima superba seedlings under different level of nitrogen addition and NH₄⁺-N to NO₃^--N ratio

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[1]	. Response of the above- and below-ground carbon storage to nitrogen addition and precipitation change of alpine meadow ecosystems [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2025, 49(地上地下生态过程关联): 0-0.
[2]	Mei FENG Sheng-Nan OUYANG Matthias Saurer Mai-He LI Xiaoqian Zhou Liehua TIE Weijun Shen Honglang Duan Arthur Gessler. Effects of previous nitrogen addition on aboveground and belowground carbon and nitrogen allocation dynamics in drought-exposed sessile oak seedlings [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2025, 49(地上地下生态过程关联): 1-0.
[3]	Yuan-Xiang TANG Shi ChenXiong Hong-Feng ZHU Xin-Sheng ZHANG Cheng-Ming YOU Sining Liu Bo TAN Zhen-Feng XU. Effects of long-term nitrogen addition on leaf litter production and carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus return of the dominant tree species in broad-leaved evergreen forests on the western margin of Sichuan basin [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2025, 49(5): 720-731.
[4]	Jie Hao Diao Huajie Yuan Su shuaikai Wu Yang YangGao Wenjun Liang Huimin Niu Qianwen Wang Jie Chang Wang Ge Wenli Xu Ma-TengFei Kuan-Hu DONG Chang-Hui Wang. Precipitation regulates the response of saline-alkali grassland net primary productivity to nitrogen addition and mowing in the agro-pastoral zone [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2025, 49(5): 710-719.
[5]	OUYANG Zi-Long, JIA Xiang-Lu, SHI Jing-Zhong, TENG Wei-Chao, LIU Xiu. Effects of growth regulators on photosynthetic characteristics of Rhizophora stylosa seedlings under low temperature stress and re-warming [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2025, 49(4): 638-652.
[6]	WANG Bei-Bei, WU Su, WANG Miao-Miao, HU Jin-Tao. Contributions of radiative, structural, and physiological information of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence on predicting crop gross primary production across temporal scales [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2025, 49(4): 562-572.
[7]	LIU Ke-Yan, HAN Lu, SONG Wu-Ye, ZHANG Chu-Rui, HU Xu, XU Hang, CHEN Li-Xin. Detection of drought effects on photosynthetic stability of vegetation on the Loess Plateau based on solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2025, 49(3): 415-431.
[8]	RAN Jia-Xin, ZHANG Yu-Hui, WANG Yun, YANG Zhi-Jie, MAO Chao. Effects of warming and nitrogen and phosphorus addition on dissolved organic carbon biodegradability of litter in a subtropical forest [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2024, 48(9): 1232-1242.
[9]	QUAN Xiao-Qiang, WANG Yan-Ru, LI Xiao-Yu, LIANG Hai-Yan, WANG Li-Dong, YAN Xiao-Li. Effects of nitrogen addition level and NH₄⁺-N to NO₃^--N ratio on photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in Cunninghamia lanceolata seedling [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2024, 48(8): 1050-1064.
[10]	HUANG Ling, WANG Zhen, MA Ze, YANG Fa-Lin, LI Lan, SEREKPAYEV Nurlan, NOGAYEV Adilbek, HOU Fu-Jiang. Effects of long-term grazing and nitrogen addition on the growth of Stipa bungeana population in typical steppe of Loess Plateau [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2024, 48(3): 317-330.
[11]	FAN Hong-Kun, ZENG Tao, JIN Guang-Ze, LIU Zhi-Li. Leaf trait variation and trade-offs among growth types of broadleaf plants in Xiao Hinggan Mountains [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2024, 48(3): 364-376.
[12]	YAN Chen-Yi, GONG Ji-Rui, ZHANG Si-Qi, ZHANG Wei-Yuan, DONG Xue-De, HU Yu-Xia, YANG Gui-Sen. Effects of nitrogen addition on soil active organic carbon in a temperate grassland of Nei Mongol, China [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2024, 48(2): 229-241.
[13]	GENG Xue-Qi, TANG Ya-Kun, WANG Li-Na, DENG Xu, ZHANG Ze-Ling, ZHOU Ying. Nitrogen addition increases biomass but reduces nitrogen use efficiency of terrestrial plants in China [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2024, 48(2): 147-157.
[14]	WANG Ni, LI Zhao-Na, ZHENG Xu-Li, JIANG Si-Cheng, YANG Hai-Yun. Pigment synthesis and photosynthetic characteristics of leaves in Pseudosasa japonica f. akebonosuji [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2024, 48(11): 1536-1546.
[15]	SHU Wei-Wei, YANG Kun, MA Jun-Xu, MIN Hui-Lin, CHEN Lin, LIU Shi-Ling, HUANG Ri-Yi, MING An-Gang, MING Cai-Dao, TIAN Zu-Wei. Effects of nitrogen addition on the morphological and chemical traits of fine roots with different orders of Castanopsis hystrix [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2024, 48(1): 103-112.