Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 179-191.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0252
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ZHANG Liang1,WANG Zhi-Lei1,XUE Ting-Ting1,HAO Xiao-Yun1,YANG Chen-Lu1,GAO Fei-Fei1,WANG Ying1,HAN Xing1,LI Hua1,2,3,*(
),WANG Hua1,2,3,*()
Received:2019-09-25
Accepted:2020-01-08
Online:2020-03-20
Published:2020-03-26
Contact:
LI Hua,WANG Hua
Supported by:ZHANG Liang, WANG Zhi-Lei, XUE Ting-Ting, HAO Xiao-Yun, YANG Chen-Lu, GAO Fei-Fei, WANG Ying, HAN Xing, LI Hua, WANG Hua. Progress in studies of carbon source/sink and emission reduction strategies in vineyard ecosystem[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2020, 44(3): 179-191.
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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2019.0252
Fig. 1 Carbon input and output processes in vineyard ecosystem.
Fig. 2 Carbon cycling in vineyard ecosystem. The arrow indicates direction of carbon flow. GPP, gross primary productivity; NBP, net productivity in vineyard biota; NEP, net productivity in vineyard ecosystem; NPP, net primary productivity in vines; NR, non-biological respiration consumption; Ra, autotrophic respiration of vines; Rh, soil respiration.
Fig. 3 Composition of vines and simulation of carbon stock in vineyard ecosystem.
| 葡萄器官 Vine organs | 碳储量 Carbon stock (t·hm-2) | 碳去向 Carbon distribution | 总碳储量 Total carbon stock (t·hm-2) | 比重 Proportion (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 一年生器官 Annual organs | 果实 Fruit | 1.7 | 26%碳通过皮和种子回归土壤 26% carbon return to soil through skin and seeds | 3.4 | 28 |
| 叶 Leaves | 0.6 | 100%碳通过凋落回归土壤 100% carbon return to soil by litter | |||
| 一年生枝 Canes | 1.1 | 50%碳分配给当年浆果 50% carbon allocated to berries | |||
| 多年生器官 Perennial organs | 主干和主蔓 Trunk and cordons | 4.8 | 35%-50%碳分配给当年浆果 35%-50% carbon allocated to berries | 8.9 | 72 |
| 根 Roots | 4.1 | 部分碳分泌到土壤中 Part of carbon secreted into soil |
Table 1 Distribution of biomass carbon stock in different organs of vines
| 葡萄器官 Vine organs | 碳储量 Carbon stock (t·hm-2) | 碳去向 Carbon distribution | 总碳储量 Total carbon stock (t·hm-2) | 比重 Proportion (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 一年生器官 Annual organs | 果实 Fruit | 1.7 | 26%碳通过皮和种子回归土壤 26% carbon return to soil through skin and seeds | 3.4 | 28 |
| 叶 Leaves | 0.6 | 100%碳通过凋落回归土壤 100% carbon return to soil by litter | |||
| 一年生枝 Canes | 1.1 | 50%碳分配给当年浆果 50% carbon allocated to berries | |||
| 多年生器官 Perennial organs | 主干和主蔓 Trunk and cordons | 4.8 | 35%-50%碳分配给当年浆果 35%-50% carbon allocated to berries | 8.9 | 72 |
| 根 Roots | 4.1 | 部分碳分泌到土壤中 Part of carbon secreted into soil |
| 管理技术 Management technology | 措施 Measures | 碳储量变化 Change of carbon stock | 控制机理 Mechanisms |
|---|---|---|---|
| 农艺措施 Agronomic measures | 耕作 Tillage | 免耕>耕作 Non-tillage > tillage | 干预越小, 系统碳分解越少 Reduce intervention, reduce carbon decomposition of ecosystem |
| 施肥 Fertilization | 碳储量增加 Carbon stock increase | 增加土壤有机质 Increase soil organic matter | |
| 喷药 Pesticide | 碳储量降低 Carbon stock decrease | 增加干预和降低土壤活性 Increase intervention and reduce soil activity | |
| 灌溉 Irrigation | 碳储量降低 Carbon stock decrease | 增加生态系统的人为干预 Increase human intervention in ecosystem | |
| 修剪 Pruning | 碳储量增加 Carbon stock increase | 增加土壤有机质 Increase soil organic matter | |
| 收割 Harvest | 碳储量增加 Carbon stock increase | 增加土壤有机质 Increase soil organic matter | |
| 种植方式 Establishment method | 常规葡萄园碳储量低于有机葡萄园 Carbon stock of conventional vineyard lower than organic vineyard | 有机葡萄园免耕土壤储存更多有机质 Organic vineyard increases organic matter in non- tillage soil | |
| 田间管理 Farmland management | 复种 Multiple cropping | 碳储量增加 Carbon stock increase | 增加土壤有机质 Increase soil organic matter |
| 覆盖 Covering | 碳储量增加 Carbon stock increase | 增加土壤有机质 Increase soil organic matter | |
| 轮作 Rotation | 碳储量增加 Carbon stock increase | 增加土壤有机质 Increase soil organic matter | |
| 运输 Transport | 碳储量降低 Carbon stock decrease | 增加生态系统的人为干预 Increase human intervention in ecosystem | |
| 其他因素 Other factors | 区域 Region | 不同区域碳储量不同 Different carbon stock in region | 不同区域的气候和土壤质地不同 Different climates and soil textures in region |
| 品种 Variety | 红葡萄品种碳储量高于白葡萄品种 Red variety of carbon stock higher than white variety | 不同葡萄品种的生物特性不同 Different biological characteristics of variety | |
| 树龄 Age | 树龄越大植株碳储量越高 The more carbon stock in the older | 葡萄作为碳汇, 逐年积累 Accumulation of vine year by year, as carbon sink | |
| 生长季 Growing season | 植株生长季碳储量最高 The most carbon stock in growing season | 生长季是一个净碳汇 A net carbon sink | |
| 温度 Temperature | 温度越高碳储量越低 The higher temperature, the lower carbon stock | 温度越高土壤有机质分解越快 The higher temperature, the faster decomposition of soil organic matter |
Table 2 Mechanisms of the effects of management technology on carbon stock in vineyard ecosystem
| 管理技术 Management technology | 措施 Measures | 碳储量变化 Change of carbon stock | 控制机理 Mechanisms |
|---|---|---|---|
| 农艺措施 Agronomic measures | 耕作 Tillage | 免耕>耕作 Non-tillage > tillage | 干预越小, 系统碳分解越少 Reduce intervention, reduce carbon decomposition of ecosystem |
| 施肥 Fertilization | 碳储量增加 Carbon stock increase | 增加土壤有机质 Increase soil organic matter | |
| 喷药 Pesticide | 碳储量降低 Carbon stock decrease | 增加干预和降低土壤活性 Increase intervention and reduce soil activity | |
| 灌溉 Irrigation | 碳储量降低 Carbon stock decrease | 增加生态系统的人为干预 Increase human intervention in ecosystem | |
| 修剪 Pruning | 碳储量增加 Carbon stock increase | 增加土壤有机质 Increase soil organic matter | |
| 收割 Harvest | 碳储量增加 Carbon stock increase | 增加土壤有机质 Increase soil organic matter | |
| 种植方式 Establishment method | 常规葡萄园碳储量低于有机葡萄园 Carbon stock of conventional vineyard lower than organic vineyard | 有机葡萄园免耕土壤储存更多有机质 Organic vineyard increases organic matter in non- tillage soil | |
| 田间管理 Farmland management | 复种 Multiple cropping | 碳储量增加 Carbon stock increase | 增加土壤有机质 Increase soil organic matter |
| 覆盖 Covering | 碳储量增加 Carbon stock increase | 增加土壤有机质 Increase soil organic matter | |
| 轮作 Rotation | 碳储量增加 Carbon stock increase | 增加土壤有机质 Increase soil organic matter | |
| 运输 Transport | 碳储量降低 Carbon stock decrease | 增加生态系统的人为干预 Increase human intervention in ecosystem | |
| 其他因素 Other factors | 区域 Region | 不同区域碳储量不同 Different carbon stock in region | 不同区域的气候和土壤质地不同 Different climates and soil textures in region |
| 品种 Variety | 红葡萄品种碳储量高于白葡萄品种 Red variety of carbon stock higher than white variety | 不同葡萄品种的生物特性不同 Different biological characteristics of variety | |
| 树龄 Age | 树龄越大植株碳储量越高 The more carbon stock in the older | 葡萄作为碳汇, 逐年积累 Accumulation of vine year by year, as carbon sink | |
| 生长季 Growing season | 植株生长季碳储量最高 The most carbon stock in growing season | 生长季是一个净碳汇 A net carbon sink | |
| 温度 Temperature | 温度越高碳储量越低 The higher temperature, the lower carbon stock | 温度越高土壤有机质分解越快 The higher temperature, the faster decomposition of soil organic matter |
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