Effect of different species of endophytes on fungal disease resistance of Achnatherum sibiricum

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0417

Abstract

Abstract:

AimsAchnatherum sibiricum, a native grass species, is widely distributed in the steppe of Nei Mongol, China. In this study, three endophytic fungi, i.e., Neotyphodium sibiricum, N. gansuensis and Epichloë gansuensis, were isolated from A. sibiricum and examined the effect of the endophytes on the resistance of A. sibiricum to fungal disease.
Methods Three fungi: Curvularia lunata, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Cladosporium sp. were chosen as the target pathogens. Three experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of endophytic inoculation of A. sibiricum on its pathogen resistance: 1) endophye in vitro, 2) inoculated detached leaves and 3) intact plants. They were infected with the three pathogens above mentioned, separately. Seven days later, inhibition rates, the number of lesions, lesion length and concentration of spores were measured.
Important findings The results showed that all endophytes significantly reduced the growth of pathogens fungi in vitro, and N. sibiricums had the strongest effect: its bacteriostasis rate to Curvularia lunata, B. sorokiniana and Cladosporium sp. were 47.8%, 40.1% and 39.4%, respectively. Culture filtration of three endophytes also effectively reduced pathogen spore germination, in which N. gansuensis showed the strongest impact. The germination rates of Curvularia lunata, B. sorokiniana and Cladosporium sp. were only 9.8%, 8.7% and 8.5%, respectively. Neotyphodium sibiricum and N. gansuensis could reduce lesion number and spore concentration of detached host leaves after the pathogens inoculation. Epichloë gansuensis reduced lesion number of detached leaves after inoculation with Curvularia lunata and Cladosporium sp., and decreased spore concentration of the pathogens fungi of Cladosporium sp. In the intact leaves, three endophytes reduced lesion number, lesion length and spore concentration as well after inoculation of the pathogens with those infected with N. sibiricum showing the strongest resistance, while with Epichloë gansuensis, the weakest resistance.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/ZWSB201609007

Key words: fungal pathogen, endophyte, Achnatherum sibiricum, pathogens-fungi resistance

Yi NIU, Yuan GAO, Ge-Ping LI, An-Zhi REN, Yu-Bao GAO. Effect of different species of endophytes on fungal disease resistance of Achnatherum sibiricum[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2016, 40(9): 925-932.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0417

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2016/V40/I9/925

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1 Two-way ANOVA for pathogens fungi resistance of different morphotypes of endophytes

	抑菌率 Inhibition rate (%)		平均孢子萌发率 Average spore germination rate (%)
	F	p	F	p
E	131.323	0.000	643.791	0.000
P	0.837	0.441	12.453	0.000
E × P	14.210	0.010	5.788	0.000

Fig. 1 Mean inhibition rate of different morphotypes of endophytes on three species of pathogens fungi (mean ± SE). Different small letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05). Eg, Epichloë gansuensis; Ng, Neotyphodium gansuensis; Ns, Neotyphodium sibiricum.

Fig. 2 Effect of culture filtrate on germination rate of the pathogenic fungi spores (mean ± SE). CK, control; Eg, Epi- chloë gansuensis; Ng, Neotyphodium gansuensis; Ns, Neotyphodium sibiricum. Different small letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05).

Fig. 3 Influence of culture filtrate of Neotyphodium gansuensis on spore germination of Bipolaris sorokiniana. Bipolaris sorokiniana spore germination is inhibited in the left picture, germination rate is low.

Table 2 Two-way ANOVA for three resistances of pathogenic fungi of intact plants infected different endophyte

	离体实验 Detached experiment						在体实验 Intact experiment
	病斑数 Mean number of lesions		病斑长度 Mean length of lesions		孢子浓度 Spore concentration of pathogens fungi		病斑数 Mean number of lesions		病斑长度 Mean length of lesions		孢子浓度 Spore concentration of pathogens fungi
	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
E	8.94	0.000	6.65	0.001	107.20	0.000	11.25	0.000	5.14	0.011	17.90	0.000
P	109.50	0.000	485.30	0.000	677.50	0.000	20.90	0.000	37.57	0.000	66.43	0.000
E × P	3.21	0.010	4.05	0.002	17.32	0.000	9.25	0.000	14.70	0.000	4.28	0.000

Fig. 4 Mean number and length of lesions and spore concentration on detached leaves of Achnatherum sibiricum after inoculation with pathogens-fungi (mean ± SE). Different small letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05). CK, control; Eg, Epichloë gansuensis; Ng, Neotyphodium gansuensis; Ns, Neotyphodium sibiricum.

Fig. 5 Mean number and length of lesions and spore concentra- tion on intact leaves of A. sibiricum after inoculation with pathogens-fungi (mean ± SE). Different small letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05). CK, control; Eg, Epichloë gansuensis; Ng, Neotyphodium gansuensis; Ns, Neotyphodium sibiricum.

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