Response of growth and inorganic carbon utilization to different light and CO2 levels in Chlorella pyrenoidosa

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0261

Abstract

Abstract:

AimsCarbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) is one of the important contents in algal physiology and ecology. Numerous studies have been carried out in eukaryotic and prokaryotic algae, but the information on economic microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Chlorophyta) is limited. Our purpose is to explore the composite effect of light and CO₂ on growth, inorganic carbon utilization in C. pyrenoidosa, and enrich the data on CCM in green algae.
Methods Two light intensities (40 and 120 µmol photons•m^-2•s^-1) and two CO₂ concentrations (0.04% and 0.16%) were combined into four treatments, and then the algal growth, inorganic carbon concentration, pH compensation point, photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate, carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity and α-CA gene expression were investigated.
Important findings Chlorella pyrenoidosa grew fastest under the high-light and high-CO₂ condition. The total inorganic carbon concentration under low-light and high-CO₂ group was 1163.3 µmol·L^-1, which was significantly higher than that of other three groups. The alga had the maximal pH compensation point of 9.8 under the high-light and low-CO₂ condition, and the minimal pH compensation point of 8.6 under the low-light and high-CO₂ condition. The maximum photosynthetic rate (V_max) and inorganic carbon concentration in half maximum photosynthetic rate (K_0.5) in the low-light and high-CO₂ group were the highest, which were 1.28-1.91 times and 1.61-2.00 times of that in other three groups, respectively. The highest activity of extracellular CA was detected in the high-light and lower-CO₂ group. However, α-CA gene expression reached the maximum under the low-light and low-CO₂ condition. The results indicated that the low CO₂level could increase the algal pH compensation point, photosynthetic inorganic carbon affinity, and induce the external CA activity and α-CA gene expression in C. pyrenoidosa. HCO₃^- was used as the primary inorganic carbon source, and the inorganic carbon utilization was also regulated by light in C. pyrenoidosa.

Key words: Chlorella pyrenoidosa, light, CO₂ concentration, inorganic carbon affinity

Jia SHEN, Ya-He LI, Lin ZHANG, Xue SUN. Response of growth and inorganic carbon utilization to different light and CO₂ levels in Chlorella pyrenoidosa[J]. Chin J Plan Ecolo, 2016, 40(9): 933-941.

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Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1 Effect of different light intensity and CO2 concentration conditions on the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (mean ± SD). A, Growth curve. B, Specific growth rate. LL, LH, HL and HH represent low-light intensity and low-CO2 concentration, low-light intensity and high-CO2 concentration, high-light intensity and low-CO2 concentration, high-light intensity and high-CO2 concentration conditions, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05).

Table 1 Comparison of the parameters of carbonate system under different light intensity and CO2 concentration conditions in Chlorella pyrenoidosa (mean ± SD, n = 3)

处理组 Treatment group	总碱度 Total alkalinity (µmol•L^-1)	pH	DIC (µmol•L^-1)	CO₂ (µmol•L^-1)	HCO₃^- (µmol•L^-1)	CO₃^2- (µmol•L^-1)
LL	1 387.8 ± 55.1^b	9.35 ± 0.00^c	765.3 ± 36.8^ab	0.22 ± 0.18^a	383.6 ± 18.44^a	381.5 ± 18.3^c
LH	1 388.4 ± 57.3^b	8.48 ± 0.03^a	1 163.3 ± 58.8^c	4.37 ± 0.46^b	1 022.1 ± 57.4^c	136.8 ± 3.6^a
HL	1 275.0 ± 16.5^ab	9.41 ± 0.04^c	665.8 ± 22.6^a	0.16 ± 0.44^a	311.7 ± 24.2^a	354.0 ± 5.8^c
HH	1 190.1 ± 0.0^a	8.95 ± 0.04^b	803.4 ± 17.2^b	0.84 ± 0.12^a	574.9 ± 27.2^b	227.6 ± 10.2^b

Fig. 2 Effect of different light intensity and CO2 concentration conditions on pH compensation point of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (mean ± SD). LL, LH, HL and HH represent low-light intensity and low-CO2 concentration, low-light intensity and high-CO2 concentration, high-light intensity and low-CO2 concentration, high-light intensity and high-CO2 concentration conditions, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05).

Fig. 3 Effect of different light intensity and CO2 concentration conditions on P-C curve of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (mean ± SD). LL, LH, HL and HH represent low-light intensity and low-CO2 concentration, low-light intensity and high-CO2 concentration, high-light intensity and low-CO2 concentration, high-light intensity and high-CO2 concentration conditions, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05).

Table 2 Effect of different light intensity and CO2 concentration conditions on Vmax and K0.5 of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (mean ± SD, n = 3)

处理组 Treatmeat group	V_max (µmol O₂• 10⁸cell·h^-1)	K_0.5(µmol•L^-1)
处理组 Treatmeat group	V_max (µmol O₂• 10⁸cell·h^-1)	DIC	CO₂	HCO₃^-
LL	275.93 ± 16.83^b	107.20 ± 2.49^a	2.43 ± 0.06^a	104.78 ± 2.43^a
LH	415.44 ± 4.23^d	188.33 ± 2.04^b	4.26 ± 0.45^b	184.07 ± 19.59^b
HL	218.03 ± 10.16^a	94.20 ± 7.03^a	2.13 ± 0.16^a	92.07 ± 6.87^a
HH	324.05 ± 1.34^c	116.83 ± 6.89^a	2.64 ± 0.16^a	114.19 ± 6.73^a

Fig. 4 Effect of different light intensity and CO2 concentration conditions on carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (mean ± SD). LL, LH, HL and HH represent low-light intensity and low-CO2 concentration, low-light intensity and high-CO2 concentration, high-light intensity and low-CO2 concentration, high-light intensity and high-CO2 concentration conditions, respectively. Different letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05).

Fig. 5 The effect of different light intensity and CO2 concentration conditions on α-CA gene expression of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (mean ± SD). LL, LH, HL and HH represent low-light intensity and low-CO2 concentration, low-light intensity and high-CO2 concentration, high-light intensity and low-CO2 concentration, high-light intensity and high-CO2 concentration conditions, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05).

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Response of growth and inorganic carbon utilization to different light and CO₂ levels in Chlorella pyrenoidosa

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