Leaf water δD and δ18O enrichment process and influencing factors in spring maize (Zea mays) grown in the middle reaches of Heihe River Basin

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0431

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The stable isotope fractionation of plant water is an important part for the water cycle in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. There is a lack of control mechanisms research of leaf water isotope ratio (δ_l,b) enrichment based on the field conditions. Because it is tough to get the measured ¹⁸O isotope ratio (δ¹⁸O_l,b) and deuterium (D) isotope ratio (δD_l,b) of leaf water (collective name δ_l,b). Therefore most previous research focuses on model building used the limited number of δ_l,b. Leaf water δD_l,band δ¹⁸O_l,b enrichment (collective name Δ_l,b) is usually represented as the difference of the leaf water isotope ratio (δ_l,b) and the plant source water isotope ratio (δD_xand δ¹⁸O_x,collective name δ_x), that is Δ_l,b = δ_l,b - δ_x.
Methods A field experiment with spring maize (Zea mays) was conducted in the middle reaches of Heihe River Basin to investigate the characteristics of leaf water δ¹⁸O and δD enrichment and their abiotic control mechanisms on seasonal and daily scales. Leaf and stem samples were collected and analyzed according to different time scales, and the δ¹⁸O and δD of atmospheric water vapor (collective name δ_v) were determined based on the in situ and continuous water vapor isotope ratio measurement system at the same time.
Important findings The results showed that: δ_l,b and Δ_l,b of leaf water varied little during the experimental season while largely at daily scale, which enrichment was found at the daytime but depletion at night. Atmospheric water vapor isotope ratio (δ_v) and relative humidity were main factors to D on both seasonal and daily scales; for ¹⁸O, only relative humidity was the key control factor on both seasonal and daily scales. Differences of D and ¹⁸O came from the equilibrium fractionation because equilibrium fractionation factor for D was over 8 times than for ¹⁸O. The analysis of these differences help us distinguish the environmental factors of leaf water enrichment for D (ΔD_l,b) from leaf water enrichment for ¹⁸O (Δ¹⁸O_l,b), and improve our understanding of leaf water enrichment process and develop the related models as well.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/ZWSB201609006

Key words: leaf water enrichment, δD and δ18O, atmospheric water vapor, relative humidity, temperature, synergism

Xiao-Ting WANG, Xue-Fa WEN. Leaf water δD and δ¹⁸O enrichment process and influencing factors in spring maize (Zea mays) grown in the middle reaches of Heihe River Basin[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2016, 40(9): 912-924.

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Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1 Seasonal variations of δD (A) and δ18O (B) of bulk leaf water isotope ratio (δl,b), xylem water isotope ratio (δx) and atmospheric water vapor isotope ratio (δv) at an arid artificial oasis maize field in the Heihe River Basin. Every value was observed in the period of 13:00-15:00. Error bars were the standard deviation of the upper and lower canopy.

Fig. 2 Daily variations of δD (A, C, E) and δ18O (B, D, F) of bulk leaf water isotope ratio (δl,b), xylem water isotope ratio (δx) and atmospheric water vapor isotope ratio (δv) at an arid artificial oasis maize field in the Heihe River Basin. Shadow areas indicated the nighttime (19:30-6:30).

Fig. 3 Seasonal (A) and diurnal (B) regression relationship between D isotope ratio (δD) and 18O isotope ratio (δ18O) of bulk leaf water, xylem water and atmospheric water vapor at an arid artificial oasis maize field in the Heihe River Basin. The local meteoric water lines (LMWL) were plotted in each panel for references.

Fig. 4 Seasonal (A, C) and diurnal (B, D) relationships between bulk leaf water enrichment above source water (ΔD and Δ18O) and atmospheric water vapor enrichment above source water (ΔDv and Δ18Ov) above an arid artificial oasis maize field in the Heihe River Basin.

Fig. 5 Seasonal (A, C) and diurnal (B, D) relationships between bulk leaf water enrichment above source water (ΔD and Δ18O) and relative humidity referenced to canopy temperature (RH) above an arid artificial oasis maize field in the Heihe River Basin.

Fig. 6 Seasonal (A, C) and diurnal (B, D) relationships between bulk leaf water enrichment above source water (ΔD and Δ18O) and canopy temperature (T) above an arid artificial oasis maize field in the Heihe River Basin.

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Leaf water δD and δ¹⁸O enrichment process and influencing factors in spring maize (Zea mays) grown in the middle reaches of Heihe River Basin

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