Synergistic response mechanisms in xylem and phloem of Artemisia ordosica to changes in precipitation

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0103

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Investigating the adaptive regulation of stem anatomy in desert plants under different precipitation scenarios will lead to a better understanding of the coordination mechanisms between water and carbon transport in desert plants under future precipitation patterns.
Methods In this study, a two-factor completely randomized experiment was conducted to determine the axial and radial variation in the xylem and phloem anatomy of Artemisia ordosica stems under different precipitation conditions by manipulating precipitation in the field in a semi-arid climate zone, with three precipitation treatments in amounts (30% precipitation reduction, natural precipitation and 30% precipitation increase) and two precipitation intervals (5 d precipitation interval and 15 d precipitation interval).
Important findings The results indicate: 1) Under altered precipitation, A. ordosica did not develop more conductive axial xylem structures and more conductive axial phloem structures to adapt to the changes; 2) Precipitation changes affected the radial anatomical traits of xylem and phloem of A. ordosica by altering the moisture content of the 40-60 cm soil layer. Under low moisture habitats, A. ordosica reduced the conduit diameter and increased the conduit wall thickness to ensure the safety of water transport, and maintained the phloem conductivity by increasing the lumen area of phloem sieve cells to ensure the effective transport of carbon, thus ensuring the normal physiological activities of A. ordosica; 3) The xylem conduit and phloem lumen of A. ordosica had an equal scaling axial scaling pattern, and the two were synergistically related to each other to maintain the hydraulic function, and this correlation was not affected by changes in precipitation. This study showed that A. ordosica adapted to changes in precipitation by altering the radial stem structure rather than the axial. This study is a valuable addition to the anatomical knowledge of the hydraulic structure of desert shrubs and provides a theoretical basis for future management of vegetation stability maintenance under changing precipitation patterns in semi-arid desert areas.

Key words: precipitation change, Artemisia ordosica, xylem, phloem, allometry

ZHANG Fu-Chong, YU Ming-Han, ZHANG Jian-Ling, WANG Ping, DING Guo-Dong, HE Ying-Ying, SUN Hui-Yuan. Synergistic response mechanisms in xylem and phloem of Artemisia ordosica to changes in precipitation[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2024, 48(7): 903-914.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0103

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2024/V48/I7/903

Figures/Tables 10

References 55

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月份 Month	平均月降水量 Average monthly precipitation (mm)	降水间隔 Precipitation interval	平均单次降水量 Average precipitation per event (mm)			降水频次 Precipitation frequency
月份 Month	平均月降水量 Average monthly precipitation (mm)	降水间隔 Precipitation interval	W-	W	W+	降水频次 Precipitation frequency
5月 May	33.09	T	3.86	5.52	7.17	6
5月 May	33.09	T++	11.58	16.55	21.51	2
6月 June	41.08	T	4.79	6.85	8.90	6
6月 June	41.08	T++	14.38	20.54	26.70	2
7月 July	72.39	T	8.45	12.07	15.68	6
7月 July	72.39	T++	25.34	36.20	47.05	2
8月 August	63.51	T	7.41	10.59	13.76	6
8月 August	63.51	T++	22.23	31.76	41.28	2
9月 September	52.71	T	6.15	8.79	11.42	6
9月 September	52.71	T++	18.45	26.36	34.26	2

月份 Month	平均月降水量 Average monthly precipitation (mm)	降水间隔 Precipitation interval	平均单次降水量 Average precipitation per event (mm)			降水频次 Precipitation frequency
月份 Month	平均月降水量 Average monthly precipitation (mm)	降水间隔 Precipitation interval	W-	W	W+	降水频次 Precipitation frequency
5月 May	33.09	T	3.86	5.52	7.17	6
5月 May	33.09	T++	11.58	16.55	21.51	2
6月 June	41.08	T	4.79	6.85	8.90	6
6月 June	41.08	T++	14.38	20.54	26.70	2
7月 July	72.39	T	8.45	12.07	15.68	6
7月 July	72.39	T++	25.34	36.20	47.05	2
8月 August	63.51	T	7.41	10.59	13.76	6
8月 August	63.51	T++	22.23	31.76	41.28	2
9月 September	52.71	T	6.15	8.79	11.42	6
9月 September	52.71	T++	18.45	26.36	34.26	2

降水处理Precipitation treatment	土壤层次 Soil layer (cm)
降水处理Precipitation treatment	0-10	10-20	20-30	30-40	40-50	50-60
W-T	1.61 ± 0.69^a	1.91 ± 0.34^a	2.07 ± 0.35^a	2.68 ± 0.11^a	2.87 ± 0.18^b	2.69 ± 0.27^b
WT	2.22 ± 1.04^a	2.55 ± 0.66^a	2.87 ± 0.74^a	3.17 ± 0.10^a	3.39 ± 0.28^b	3.18 ± 0.57^b
W+T	2.12 ± 0.83^a	2.51 ± 0.56^a	2.52 ± 0.40^a	3.07 ± 0.51^a	3.87 ± 0.38^ab	3.60 ± 0.44^b
W-T++	1.36 ± 0.20^a	1.84 ± 0.46^a	2.15 ± 0.29^a	2.85 ± 0.10^a	3.60 ± 0.65^b	4.40 ± 0.68^ab
WT++	1.46 ± 0.17^a	2.33 ± 0.55^a	2.58 ± 0.54^a	3.89 ± 0.33^a	4.83 ± 0.36^ab	4.44 ± 0.76^ab
W+T++	1.52 ± 0.26^a	2.88 ± 0.96^a	3.92 ± 1.62^a	4.88 ± 1.92^a	6.33 ± 1.41^a	5.81 ± 0.53^a
双因素方差分析结果(F值) Results of Two-Way ANOVA (F-values)
W	0.394	1.824	1.917	2.213	7.434^**	4.612^*
T	2.160	0.006	0.783	3.566	15.373^***	27.910^***
W × T	0.173	0.250	1.243	1.017	1.607	0.709

降水处理Precipitation treatment	土壤层次 Soil layer (cm)
降水处理Precipitation treatment	0-10	10-20	20-30	30-40	40-50	50-60
W-T	1.61 ± 0.69^a	1.91 ± 0.34^a	2.07 ± 0.35^a	2.68 ± 0.11^a	2.87 ± 0.18^b	2.69 ± 0.27^b
WT	2.22 ± 1.04^a	2.55 ± 0.66^a	2.87 ± 0.74^a	3.17 ± 0.10^a	3.39 ± 0.28^b	3.18 ± 0.57^b
W+T	2.12 ± 0.83^a	2.51 ± 0.56^a	2.52 ± 0.40^a	3.07 ± 0.51^a	3.87 ± 0.38^ab	3.60 ± 0.44^b
W-T++	1.36 ± 0.20^a	1.84 ± 0.46^a	2.15 ± 0.29^a	2.85 ± 0.10^a	3.60 ± 0.65^b	4.40 ± 0.68^ab
WT++	1.46 ± 0.17^a	2.33 ± 0.55^a	2.58 ± 0.54^a	3.89 ± 0.33^a	4.83 ± 0.36^ab	4.44 ± 0.76^ab
W+T++	1.52 ± 0.26^a	2.88 ± 0.96^a	3.92 ± 1.62^a	4.88 ± 1.92^a	6.33 ± 1.41^a	5.81 ± 0.53^a
双因素方差分析结果(F值) Results of Two-Way ANOVA (F-values)
W	0.394	1.824	1.917	2.213	7.434^**	4.612^*
T	2.160	0.006	0.783	3.566	15.373^***	27.910^***
W × T	0.173	0.250	1.243	1.017	1.607	0.709

模型 Model	处理 Treatment	斜率(下限-上限) Slope (lower limit-upper limit)	截距(下限-上限) Intercept (lower limit-upper limit)
lg DA VS lg D_c	W-T	0.178 (0.135-0.234)^a	1.059 (1.004-1.115)^B
	WT	0.154 (0.120-0.197)^a	1.105 (1.058-1.152)^B
	W+T	0.154 (0.122-0.193)^a	1.147 (1.106-1.188)^A
	W-T++	0.167 (0.119-0.236)^a	1.083 (1.025-1.141)^B
	WT++	0.199 (0.137-0.288)^a	1.077 (0.999-1.156)^B
	W+T++	0.182 (0.140-0.236)^a	1.073 (1.016-1.129)^B
lg DA VS lg D_h	W-T	0.162 (0.117-0.226)^a	1.156 (1.094-1.217)^B
	WT	0.154 (0.110-0.218)^a	1.165 (1.099-1.230)^B
	W+T	0.179 (0.146-0.219)^a	1.179 (1.137-1.222)^B
	W-T++	0.202 (0.135-0.302)^a	1.134 (1.105-1.217)^B
	WT++	0.213 (0.129-0.351)^a	1.137 (1.021-0.254)^B
	W+T++	0.183 (0.140-0.238)^a	1.137 (1.080-1.195)^B
lg DA VS lg T_c	W-T	0.253 (0.173-0.371)^a	-0.092 (-0.104-0.020)^A
	WT	0.215 (0.143-0.323)^a	-0.112 (-0.222- -0.003)^A
	W+T	0.249 (0.173-0.360)^a	-0.221 (-0.330- -0.113)^B
	W-T++	0.237 (0.167-0.336)^a	-0.066 (-0.151-0.020)^A
	WT++	0.202 (0.135-0.303)^a	-0.097 (-0.185- -0.008)^A
	W+T++	0.235 (0.163-0.338)^a	-0.156 (-0.259- -0.054)^A
lg DA VS lg PA	W-T	0.277 (0.177-0.435)^a	1.043 (0.888-1.198)^A
	WT	0.243 (0.180-0.328)^a	0.948 (0.856-1.041)^B
	W+T	0.231 (0.181-0.294)^a	0.967 (0.898-1.036)^B
	W-T++	0.236 (0.188-0.295)^a	1.064 (1.006-1.123)^A
	WT++	0.236 (0.177-0.315)^a	0.995 (0.917-1.073)^AB
	W+T++	0.243 (0.190-0.311)^a	0.943 (0.871-1.014)^B