Axial variations in vessel structure of bamboos Phyllostachys violascens ‘Prevernalis’ and Bambusa textilis

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0100

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims As a plant gets taller, the distance of water flow becomes longer and hydraulic resistance becomes bigger. Dicotyledons have evolved special xylem structure to compensate for the increase of hydraulic resistance to water transport with height growth by widening conduits downwards. However, monocots have no secondary growth and thus will limit the maintenance of xylem hydraulic efficiency during ontogeny. Therefore, it is important to figure out the axial changes of the hydraulic architecture of monocots, and investigate the maintenance mechanism of water transport efficiency of these plants and the reason for their wide distribution in nature.
Methods The vessel lumen size, vessel number, stem diameter, hydraulically weighted mean vessel diameter (D_h), mean vessel area, vessel density, vessel area/vessel density parameters at different heights along the stem of two arborescent bamboos, Phyllostachys violascens ‘Prevernalis’ and Bambusa textilis from Jinhua, Zhejiang Province were studied. Standardized major axis estimation (SMA) was used to analyze the changes of traits along the axis of stem, and the covariant relationship among the traits.
Important findings In both species, hydraulic diameter increased, vessel density decreased, and the ratio of vessel area to vessel density increased accordingly from the stem apex to the base. There was a significantly negative correlation between vessel density and vessel size. These results indicated that the size of vessels in bamboo gradually widens from the stem apex to the base, and the number of vessels in the unit cross sectional area of xylem gradually decreases. It is characterized by trade-off between changes in the size and number of vessels within stem. The results show insight on the growth adaptation strategies of monocotyledonous plants.

Key words: hydraulic limitation, axial variation, bamboo, vessel size, vessel density, trade-off

WANG Xiao-Lin, ZHOU Wei, ZHAO Mei, DING Yu-Tong, YANG Dong-Mei, ZHANG Yin-Shuang, YIN Meng-Qi, ZHUANG Yue, PENG Guo-Quan. Axial variations in vessel structure of bamboos Phyllostachys violascens ‘Prevernalis’ and Bambusa textilis[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2024, 48(7): 915-929.

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Figures/Tables 6

References 98

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物种 Species	指标(y轴-x轴) Index (y-axis - x-axis)	N	R²	斜率 Slope	95%置信区间 95% CI
雷竹 P. violascens ‘Prevernalis’	水力加权导管直径-距茎尖距离 D_h- distance from the stem tip	83	0.893	0.305	(0.284, 0.328)
	水力加权导管直径-茎干外径 D_h- stem outside diameter	83	0.845	0.422	(0.387, 0.460)
	平均导管面积-距茎尖距离 Mean vessel area - distance from the stem tip	83	0.895	0.574	(0.535, 0.617)
	平均导管面积-茎干外径 Mean vessel area - stem outside diameter	83	0.848	0.794	(0.729, 0.865)
	茎干外径-距茎尖距离 Stem outside diameter - distance from the stem tip	83	0.967	0.724	(0.695, 0.753)
	茎木质部横截面积-距茎尖距离 Xylem cross-sectional area - distance from the stem tip	83	0.974	1.257	(1.213, 1.302)
青皮竹 B. textilis	水力加权导管直径-距茎尖距离 D_h - distance from the stem tip	78	0.908	0.299	(0.279, 0.320)
	水力加权导管直径-茎干外径 D_h - stem outside diameter	78	0.895	0.393	(0.365, 0.424)
	平均导管面积-距茎尖距离 Mean vessel area - distance from the stem tip	78	0.923	0.573	(0.538, 0.611)
	平均导管面积-茎干外径 Mean vessel area - stem outside diameter	78	0.907	0.755	(0.704, 0.809)
	茎干外径-距茎尖距离 Stem outside diameter - distance from the stem tip	78	0.956	0.759	(0.724, 0.797)
	茎木质部横截面积-距茎尖距离 Xylem cross-sectional area - distance from the stem tip	78	0.963	1.343	(1.286, 1.403)

物种 Species	指标(y轴-x轴) Index (y-axis - x-axis)	N	R²	斜率 Slope	95%置信区间 95% CI
雷竹 P. violascens ‘Prevernalis’	水力加权导管直径-距茎尖距离 D_h- distance from the stem tip	83	0.893	0.305	(0.284, 0.328)
	水力加权导管直径-茎干外径 D_h- stem outside diameter	83	0.845	0.422	(0.387, 0.460)
	平均导管面积-距茎尖距离 Mean vessel area - distance from the stem tip	83	0.895	0.574	(0.535, 0.617)
	平均导管面积-茎干外径 Mean vessel area - stem outside diameter	83	0.848	0.794	(0.729, 0.865)
	茎干外径-距茎尖距离 Stem outside diameter - distance from the stem tip	83	0.967	0.724	(0.695, 0.753)
	茎木质部横截面积-距茎尖距离 Xylem cross-sectional area - distance from the stem tip	83	0.974	1.257	(1.213, 1.302)
青皮竹 B. textilis	水力加权导管直径-距茎尖距离 D_h - distance from the stem tip	78	0.908	0.299	(0.279, 0.320)
	水力加权导管直径-茎干外径 D_h - stem outside diameter	78	0.895	0.393	(0.365, 0.424)
	平均导管面积-距茎尖距离 Mean vessel area - distance from the stem tip	78	0.923	0.573	(0.538, 0.611)
	平均导管面积-茎干外径 Mean vessel area - stem outside diameter	78	0.907	0.755	(0.704, 0.809)
	茎干外径-距茎尖距离 Stem outside diameter - distance from the stem tip	78	0.956	0.759	(0.724, 0.797)
	茎木质部横截面积-距茎尖距离 Xylem cross-sectional area - distance from the stem tip	78	0.963	1.343	(1.286, 1.403)

物种 Species	指标(y轴-x轴) Index (y-axis - x-axis)	N	R²		95%置信区间 95% CI
雷竹 P. violascens ‘Prevernalis’	导管数量-距茎尖距离 Vessel number - distance from the stem tip	83	0.946	0.805	(0.764, 0.847)
	导管数量-茎干外径 Vessel number - stem outside diameter	83	0.989	1.112	(1.087, 1.138)
	导管密度-距茎尖距离 Vessel density - distance from the stem tip	83	0.949	-0.471	(-0.495, -0.448)
	导管密度-茎干外径 Vessel density - stem outside diameter	83	0.935	-0.650	(-0.688, -0.615)
	导管面积/导管密度-距茎尖距离 Vessel area to density ratio - distance from the stem tip	83	0.942	1.032	(0.979, 1.089)
	导管面积/导管密度-茎干外径 Vessel area to density ratio - stem outside diameter	83	0.908	1.427	(1.334, 1.526)
青皮竹 B. textilis	导管数量-距茎尖距离 Vessel number - distance from the stem tip	78	0.939	0.692	(0.654, 0.732)
	导管数量-茎干外径 Vessel number - stem outside diameter	78	0.981	0.911	(0.883, 0.940)
	导管密度-距茎尖距离 Vessel density - distance from the stem tip	78	0.937	-0.669	(-0.709, -0.632)
	导管密度-茎干外径 Vessel density - stem outside diameter	78	0.956	-0.881	(-0.924, -0.840)
	导管面积/导管密度-距茎尖距离 Vessel area to density ratio - distance from the stem tip	78	0.947	1.232	(1.168, 1.298)
	导管面积/导管密度-茎干外径 Vessel area to density ratio - stem outside diameter	78	0.950	1.622	(1.541, 1.707)

物种 Species	指标(y轴-x轴) Index (y-axis - x-axis)	N	R²		95%置信区间 95% CI
雷竹 P. violascens ‘Prevernalis’	导管数量-距茎尖距离 Vessel number - distance from the stem tip	83	0.946	0.805	(0.764, 0.847)
	导管数量-茎干外径 Vessel number - stem outside diameter	83	0.989	1.112	(1.087, 1.138)
	导管密度-距茎尖距离 Vessel density - distance from the stem tip	83	0.949	-0.471	(-0.495, -0.448)
	导管密度-茎干外径 Vessel density - stem outside diameter	83	0.935	-0.650	(-0.688, -0.615)
	导管面积/导管密度-距茎尖距离 Vessel area to density ratio - distance from the stem tip	83	0.942	1.032	(0.979, 1.089)
	导管面积/导管密度-茎干外径 Vessel area to density ratio - stem outside diameter	83	0.908	1.427	(1.334, 1.526)
青皮竹 B. textilis	导管数量-距茎尖距离 Vessel number - distance from the stem tip	78	0.939	0.692	(0.654, 0.732)
	导管数量-茎干外径 Vessel number - stem outside diameter	78	0.981	0.911	(0.883, 0.940)
	导管密度-距茎尖距离 Vessel density - distance from the stem tip	78	0.937	-0.669	(-0.709, -0.632)
	导管密度-茎干外径 Vessel density - stem outside diameter	78	0.956	-0.881	(-0.924, -0.840)
	导管面积/导管密度-距茎尖距离 Vessel area to density ratio - distance from the stem tip	78	0.947	1.232	(1.168, 1.298)
	导管面积/导管密度-茎干外径 Vessel area to density ratio - stem outside diameter	78	0.950	1.622	(1.541, 1.707)

物种 Species	指标(y轴-x轴) Index (y-axis - x-axis)	N	R²	斜率 Slope	95%置信区间 95% CI
雷竹 P. violascens ‘Prevernalis’	导管密度-水力加权导管直径 Vessel density - D_h	83	0.900	-1.541	(-1.653, -1.437)
雷竹 P. violascens ‘Prevernalis’	导管密度-平均导管面积 Vessel density - mean vessel area	83	0.906	-0.819	(-0.877, -0.765)
青皮竹 B. textilis	导管密度-水力加权导管直径 Vessel density - D_h	78	0.909	-2.241	(-2.400, -2.091)
青皮竹 B. textilis	导管密度-平均导管面积 Vessel density - mean vessel area	78	0.932	-1.168	(-1.240, -1.100)