Characteristics of soil respiration components and influencing factors in the subalpine meadows of Wuyi Mountain

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0178

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The subalpine meadow of Wuyi Mountain is the highest meadows in the subtropical region of southeastern China. Identifying the variation characteristics of soil carbon flux components, and exploring their relationships with environmental factors and temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀) are of great significance for accurately estimating regional soil carbon balance and improving the knowledge about carbon flux dynamics in subalpine meadows.
Methods From May 2020 to April 2021, the LI-8100 CO₂ flux analyzer was utilized to systematically monitor the soil respiration rate (RS) in the meadow located at the summit of Wuyi Mountain. Additionally, the root exclusion method was applied to distinguish between the autotrophic respiration rate (RA) and heterotrophic respiration rate (RH).
Important findings (1) The dynamics of RS, RA and RH followed bimodal patterns, with consistently higher rates record from May to October compared to other months. Notably, the RA exhibited greater variability than RH throughout the year, accounting for 45% of RS. (2) A multi-model comparative analysis suggested that the temperature (T) exhibited an exponential correlation with soil respiration rate and its components in the subalpine meadow soil of Wuyi Mountain. The ranking of Q₁₀ values for soil respiration rate and its components was RA (Q₁₀= 1.96) > RS (Q₁₀= 1.94) > RH (Q₁₀= 1.67). Although soil moisture (W) had a certain effect on RS, there was no significant relationship between RA and RH. The two-factor models including both T and W provided a better fit for RS than single-factor models, jointly explaining 48% of the variation in RS. In conclusion, soil respiration was primarily driven by heterotrophic respiration, while autotrophic respiration was more sensitive to temperature. Additionally, soil temperature and humidity were crucial environmental factors influencing soil respiration in the subalpine meadow of Wuyi Mountain, with soil respiration inhibited by low temperatures and high humidity. This study contributes to enhancing our understanding of the seasonal dynamics and influencing factors of soil respiration and its components in the subalpine meadow, providing valuable insights for regional soil carbon flux and carbon cycle research.

Key words: soil respiration, autotrophic respiration, heterotrophic respiration, temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀), subalpine meadow

GE Xiao-Cai, LI Jing-Long, SUN Jun, WU Pan-Pan, HU Dan-Dan, CHENG Dong-Liang, ZHONG Quan-Lin. Characteristics of soil respiration components and influencing factors in the subalpine meadows of Wuyi Mountain[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2025, 49(3): 502-512.

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2025/V49/I3/502

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1 Dynamics of soil respiration rates at an altitude of 2 100 m in Wuyi Mountain (mean ± SE, n = 5). RA, autotrophic respiration rate; RH, heterotrophic respiration rate; RS, soil respiration rate.

Fig. 2 Monthly dynamics of soil temperature, soil moisture and precipitation at an altitude of 2 100 m in Wuyi Mountain. P, precipitation; T, soil temperature measured at depth of 10 cm in the soil layer; W, soil moisture measured at depth of 10 cm in the soil layer.

Fig. 3 Exponential fitting of soil respiration components to soil temperature. RA, autotrophic respiration rate; RH, heterotrophic respiration rate; RS, soil respiration rate.

Table 1 Fitting relationships between soil respiration components and soil temperature at depth of 10 cm (mean ± SE, n = 5)

$R=aT+b$
T	R	a		b		R²		p
	RS	0.07 ± 0.01		0.55 ± 017		0.33		<0.001
	RH	0.05 ± 0.01		0.23 ± 0.13		0.29		<0.001
	RA	0.03 ± 0.01		0.22 ± 0.10		0.19		<0.001
$R=a{{(T+10)}^{b}}$
T	R	a		b		R²		p
	RS	0.02 ± 0.02		1.34 ± 0.25		0.38		<0.001
	RH	0.01 ± 0.01		1.45 ± 0.33		0.30		<0.001
	RA	0.01 ± 0.01		1.29 ± 0.37		0.20		<0.001
$R=a{{T}^{2}}+bT+c$
T	R	a	b		c		R²		p
	RS	-0.07 ± 0.06	0.007 ± 0.003		1.16 ± 0.31		0.38		<0.001
	RH	-0.03 ± 0.05	0.004 ± 0.002		0.59 ± 0.25		0.31		<0.01
	RA	-0.06 ± 0.04	0.004 ± 0.002		0.60 ± 0.18		0.27		<0.001
$R=a{{\text{e}}^{bT}}$
T	R	a	b		R²		p		Q₁₀
	RS	0.62 ± 0.10	0.08 ± 0.01		0.41		<0.001		1.94
	RH	0.34 ± 0.08	0.07 ± 0.02		0.31		<0.001		1.67
	RA	0.25 ± 0.06	0.06 ± 0.02		0.22		<0.001		1.96

Table 2 Fitting relationships of soil respiration rate (RS), autotrophic respiration rate (RA), and heterotrophic respiration rate (RH) with soil moisture (W) and the dual factors of soil temperature and soil moisture at depth of 10 cm (mean ± SE, n = 5)

$R=a{{W}^{2}}+bW~+\ c~~$
W	R	a	b	c	R²	p
	RS	20.70 ± 7.03	-31.28 ± 10.59	-1.78 ± 1.12	0.14	<0.05
	RH	12.06 ± 5.82	-17.90 ± 8.72	-1.07 ± 0.92	0.05	>0.05
	RA	6.83 ± 3.94	-10.74 ± 5.92	-0.42 ± 0.62	0.04	>0.05
$R=a{{\text{e}}^{bT}}{{W}^{c}}$
T, W	R	a	b	c	R²	p
	RS	0.04 ± 0.12	0.07 ± 0.01	-0.36 ± 0.18	0.48	<0.001

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