Soil respiration features of mountain meadows under four typical land use types in Zhaosu Basin

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2017.0050

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Our objective was to explore the effects of different land use types on soil respiration rates in the mountain meadows of Tianshan Mountain, Zhaosu Racecourse, Xinjiang, China from 2015 to 2016.

Methods Four impermanent plots with different land use types (legume-grass mixture, LG; reseeding grassland, RG; natural grassland, NG; cropland, CR), which were established in 2013, were selected. The soil respiration rates in the growing seasons of two consecutive years (from April to September in 2015 and 2016) were measured using LI-8100A Soil Respiration System. Soil temperatures at 5 cm depth and soil water content at 0-10 cm depth were measured simultaneously. We also investigated soil biological properties including soil microflora structures, soil microbial biomass carbon, and soil enzyme activity. The hydrothermal and soil biological impacts on soil respiration rates were analyzed using the relationship among soil hydrothermal factors, soil microflora factors, and soil enzyme activities.

Important findings We found that: 1) in 2015, the temporal variation of soil respiration showed double peaks in NG and RC plots, but showed a single peak in RG and LG plots, and it reached the maximum in August in all plots. This temporal pattern was different in 2016. Soil respiration reached the maximum at the end of June in RG and LG, and at the end of July in NG and CR. 2) For the whole study period, the average soil respiration rate was in the order of: NG > RG > CR > LG. 3) Soil respiration rate was positively correlated with soil temperature, and negatively correlated with soil volumetric water content. The temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q₁₀) was in the order of: NG > CR > RG > LG. 4) Bacteria were dominant among soil microbes in all type of plots, followed by actinomycetes and fungi were the least abundant. The total soil microbial biomass was in the order of: NG > RG > CR > LG, which was consistent with the average soil respiration rate. The fitting analysis showed that soil respiration was positively correlated with the abundance of actinomycetes in RG (p < 0.05), and was positively correlated with the abundances of bacteria and actinomycetes in LG (p < 0.05). 5) The average microbial biomass carbon was in the order of: CR > NG > LG > RG. Fidelity analysis showed that soil respiration rate was significantly positively correlated with microbial biomass carbon in GR and CR (p < 0.05). 6) Among the examined enzymes, only protease and sucrase had a correlation with soil respiration, with sucrase having a greater effect. Changing the degraded mountain meadow to legume-grass mixture and reseeding grassland could decrease soil respiration rates, potentially benefiting carbon sequestration.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/ZWSB201803013

Key words: land use type, mountain meadow, soil respiration rate, soil temperature, soil water content, soil microflora, soil microbial carbon, soil enzyme activity

WANG Xiang, ZHU Ya-Qiong, ZHENG Wei, GUAN Zheng-Xuan, SHENG Jian-Dong. Soil respiration features of mountain meadows under four typical land use types in Zhaosu Basin[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2018, 42(3): 382-396.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2017.0050

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2018/V42/I3/382

Figures/Tables 12

References 41

[1]	Anderson DW, Coleman DC ( 1985). The dynamics of organic matter in grassland soils. Journal of Soil & Water Conservation, 40, 211-216. DOI URL
[2]	Chen J, Cao JJ, Wei YL, Liu JH, Ma FL, Chen DC, Feng JY, Xia Y, Ceng Y ( 2014). Effect of grazing exclusion on soil respiration during the dormant season in alpine meadow grassland ecosystems on the northern shore of Qinghai Lake, China. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 23(6), 78-86. DOI URL
	陈骥, 曹军骥, 魏永林, 刘吉宏, 马扶林, 陈迪超, 冯嘉裕, 夏瑶, 岑燕 ( 2014). 青海湖北岸高寒草甸草原非生长季土壤呼吸对温度和湿度的响应. 草业学报, 23(6), 78-86. DOI URL
[3]	Chen ST, Sang L, Zhang X, Hu ZH ( 2016). Effects of warming and straw application on soil respiration and enzyme activity in a winter wheat cropland. Environmental Science, 37, 703-709. DOI URL
	陈书涛, 桑琳, 张旭, 胡正华 ( 2016). 增温及秸秆施用对冬小麦田土壤呼吸和酶活性的影响. 环境科学, 37, 703-709. DOI URL
[4]	Flechard CR, Ambus P, Skiba U, Rees RM, Hensen A, van Amstel A, Raschi A ( 2007). Effects of climate and management intensity on nitrous oxide emissions in grassland systems across Europe. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 121, 135-152. DOI URL
[5]	Guan SY ( 1998). The Desert Grassland and Water Salt Plant System and Optimized Ecological Model in Xinjiang. Science Press, Beijing. 320-344.
	关松荫 ( 1986). 土壤酶及其研究法. 农业出版社, 北京. 320-344.
[6]	Guo HM, Zhang YY, Liu QF, Jiang JS, Li JC, Wang R, Li NN, Li RJ, Guo SL, Li CY ( 2014). Responses of soil respiration to land use changes in a semiarid region of Loess Plateau. Journal of Natural Resources, 29, 1686-1695.
	郭慧敏, 张彦军, 刘庆芳, 姜继韶, 李俊超, 王蕊, 李娜娜, 李如剑, 郭胜利, 李春越 ( 2014). 黄土高原半干旱区土壤呼吸对土地利用变化的响应. 自然资源学报, 29, 1686-1695.
[7]	Guo MY, Zhao KT, You JC, Xu LJ, Wang LJ, Ja SJ ( 2012). Soil microbial characteristic and soil respiration in grassland under different use patterns. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 20(1), 42-48. DOI URL
	郭明英, 朝克图, 尤金成, 徐丽君, 王丽娟, 贾淑杰 ( 2012). 不同利用方式下草地土壤微生物及土壤呼吸特性. 草地学报 , 20(1), 42-48. DOI URL
[8]	Hanson PJ, Edwards NT, Garten CT, Andrews JA ( 2000). Separating root and soil microbial contributions to soil respiration: A review of methods and observations. Biogeochemistry, 48, 115-146.
[9]	Jiang DM, He SF, Cao CY, Toshio O, Li XH ( 2006). Effect of plowing and reseeding on soil physicochemical properties and biological activities of alkalized grassland in Horqin area. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 28(4), 18-23. DOI URL
	蒋德明, 贺山峰, 曹成有, 押田敏雄, 李雪华 ( 2006). 翻耙补播对科尔沁碱化草地土壤理化性质和生物活性的影响. 中国草地学报, 28(4), 18-23. DOI URL
[10]	Kirschbaum MUF ( 2006). The temperature dependence of organic- matter decomposition-still a topic of debate. S oil Biology & Biochemistry, 38, 2510-2518. DOI URL
[11]	Lal R ( 2004). Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. Science, 304, 1623. DOI URL PMID
[12]	Lal R, Kimble J, Follett R ( 1998). Land use and soil C pool in terrestrial ecosystems. In: Lal R, Kimbkle J, Follett R, Stewarteds BA eds. Management of Carbon Sequestration in Soil. CRC Press, Boca Raton. 1-10.
[13]	Li W, Cao WX, Liu HD, Li XL, Xu CL, Shi SL, Feng J, Zhou CM ( 2015). Analysis of soil respiration under different grazing management patterns in the alpine meadow-steppe of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 24(10), 22-32. DOI
	李文, 曹文侠, 刘皓栋, 李小龙, 徐长林, 师尚礼, 冯今, 周传猛 ( 2015). 不同放牧管理模式对高寒草甸草原土壤呼吸特征的影响. 草业学报, 24(10), 22-32. DOI
[14]	Li ZG, Hou FJ ( 2010). Analysis of soil respiration diurnal dynamics and factors influencing it in enclosed natural grasslands under different topographies in the Loess Plateau. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 19(1), 42-49. DOI
	李志刚, 侯扶江 ( 2010). 黄土高原不同地形封育草地的土壤呼吸日动态与影响因子分析. 草业学报, 19(1), 42-49. DOI
[15]	Liu HF, Wu X, Li Y, Li ZS, Liu GH ( 2014). Effects of land use change on greenhouse gas fluxes from soils: A review. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 33, 1960-1968.
	刘慧峰, 伍星, 李雅, 李宗善, 刘国华 ( 2014). 土地利用变化对土壤温室气体排放通量影响研究进展. 生态学杂志, 33, 1960-1968.
[16]	Liu JC, Li ZG, Li X ( 2014). Research of variations of soil respiration rate among different land use types in the Agro-pastoral Ecotone of North China. Journal of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, 29, 306-309. DOI URL
	刘季骢, 李志刚, 李兴 ( 2014). 北方农牧交错带不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸速率探究. 内蒙古民族大学学报(自然科学版), 29, 306-309. DOI URL
[17]	Liu W, Wang JM, Wang ZP ( 2011). Plant functional type effects on methane uptake by soils in typical grasslands of Inner Mongolia. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 35, 275-283. DOI URL
	刘伟, 王继明, 王智平 ( 2011). 内蒙古典型草原植物功能型对土壤甲烷吸收的影响. 植物生态学报, 35, 275-283. DOI URL
[18]	Ning F, Xu Z, Shan GL ( 2008). Effects of disturbance ways on soil physical and chemical properties. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 30(4), 46-50.
	宁发, 徐柱, 单贵莲 ( 2008). 干扰方式对典型草原土壤理化性质的影响. 中国草地学报, 30(4), 46-50.
[19]	Qi WW, Niu HS, Wang SP, Liu YJ, Zhang LR ( 2012). Simulation of effects of warming on carbon budget in alpine meadow ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 32, 1713-1722. DOI URL
	亓伟伟, 牛海山, 汪诗平, 刘艳杰, 张立荣 ( 2012). 增温对青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统固碳通量影响的模拟研究. 生态学报, 32, 1713-1722. DOI URL
[20]	Raiesi F, Beheshti A ( 2014). Soil C turnover, microbial biomass and respiration, and enzymatic activities following range and conversion to wheat-alfalfa cropping in a semi-arid climate. Environmental Earth Sciienes, 72, 5073-5088. DOI URL
[21]	Rinnan R, Stark S, Tolvanen A ( 2009). Responses of vegetation and soil microbial communities to warming and simulated herbivory in a subarctic heath. Journal of Ecology, 97, 788-800. DOI URL
[22]	Sampson RN, Apps M, Brown S, Cole CV, Smith TM, Downing J, Ojima DS, Solomon AM, Heath LS, Wisniewski J ( 1993). Terrestrial biosphere carbon fluxes quantification of sinks and sources of CO2. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 70, 3-15. DOI URL
[23]	Sparling GP, Shepherd TG, Kettles HA ( 1992). Changes in soil organic C, microbial C and aggregate stability under continuous maize and cereal cropping, and after restoration to pasture in soils from the Manawatu Region, New Zealand. Soil & Tillage Research, 24, 225-241. DOI URL
[24]	Su YZ, Li YL, Cui J Y, Zhao WZ ( 2005). Influences of continuous grazing and livestock exclusion on soil properties in a degraded early grassland, Inner Mongolia, northern China. Catena, 59, 267-278. DOI URL
[25]	Sun J, Liu M, Li LJ, Liu JH, Zhang XJ ( 2009). Influence of non-tillage and stubble on soil microbial biomass C/N and enzyme activities in rain-fed field of Inner Mongolia. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 29, 5508-5515. DOI URL
	孙建, 刘苗, 李立军, 刘景辉, 张星杰 ( 2009). 免耕与留茬对土壤微生物生物量C、N及酶活性的影响. 生态学报, 29, 5508-5515. DOI URL
[26]	Wang M, Liu YS, Li XJ, Zhang JT, Wang GD, Lu XR, Li XY ( 2014). Soil respiration dynamics and its controlling factors of typical vegetation communities on meadow steppes in the western Songnen Plain. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 25, 45-52.
	王铭, 刘兴士, 李秀军, 张继涛, 王国栋, 鲁新蕊, 李晓宇 ( 2014). 松嫩平原西部草甸草原典型植物群落土壤呼吸动态及影响因素. 应用生态学报, 25, 45-52.
[27]	Wang XG, Zhu B, Wang YQ, Zheng XH ( 2007). Soil respiration and its sensitivity to temperature under different land use conditions. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 27, 1960-1968. DOI URL
	王小国, 朱波, 王艳强, 郑循华 ( 2007). 不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸及其温度敏感性. 生态学报, 27, 1960-1968. DOI URL
[28]	Wang XJ ( 2013). Study on Reconstruction and Utilization of Grassland for Grazing. Master degree dissertation, Xinjiang Agricultural University, ürümqi.
	王雪娇 ( 2013). 放牧型草地重建与利用研究. 硕士学位论文, 新疆农业大学, 乌鲁木齐.
[29]	Wang XJ, Zhou YM, Wang XX, Jiang XJ, Han SJ ( 2014). Responses of soil enzymes in activity and soil microbes in biomass to warming in tundra ecosystem on Changbai Mountains. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 51, 166-175.
	王学娟, 周玉梅, 王秀秀, 江肖洁, 韩士杰 ( 2014). 长白山苔原生态系统土壤酶活性及微生物生物量对增温的响应. 土壤学报, 51, 166-175.
[30]	Wang XY ( 2010). Cultivation and reseeding effects on soil organic matter in the mixed prairie. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 74, 1348-1355. DOI URL
[31]	Wang YH, Gong JR, Liu M, Huang YM, Yan X, Zhang ZY, Xu S, Luo QP ( 2015). Effects of grassland-use on soil respiration and litter decomposition. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 39, 239-248.
	王忆慧, 龚吉蕊, 刘敏, 黄永梅, 晏欣, 张梓瑜, 徐沙, 罗亲普 ( 2015). 草地利用方式对土壤呼吸和凋落物分解的影响. 植物生态学报, 39, 239-248.
[32]	Willcock S, Phillips OL, Platts PJ, Swetnam RD, Balmford A, Burgess ND, Fanning E ( 2016). Land cover change and carbon emissions over 100 years in an African biodiversity hotspot. Global Change Biology, 22, 2787-2800. DOI URL PMID
[33]	Wu J, Chen ST Hu ZH, Zhang X ( 2015). Soil microbial respiration under different soil temperature conditions and its relationship to soil dissolved organic carbon and invertase. Environmental Science, 36, 1497-1506. DOI URL
	吴静, 陈书涛, 胡正华, 张旭 ( 2015). 不同温度下的土壤微生物呼吸及其与水溶性有机碳和转化酶的关系. 环境科学, 36, 1497-1506. DOI URL
[34]	Xu GH ( 1986). Soil Microbiological Analysis Method Manual. Agricultural Publishing House, Beijing.
	许光辉 ( 1986). 土壤微生物分析方法手册. 农业出版社, 北京.
[35]	Yang Y, Han GD, Li YH, Chen ZF, Wang CJ ( 2012). Response of soil respiration to grazing intensity, water contents, and temperature of soil in different grasslands of Inner Mongolia. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 21(6), 8-14.
	杨阳, 韩国栋, 李元恒, 陈志芳, 王成杰 ( 2012). 内蒙古不同草原类型土壤呼吸对放牧强度及水热因子的响应. 草业学报, 21(6), 8-14.
[36]	Zhang CX, Nan ZB ( 2010). Research progress on effect of grazing on soil microbes of grassland. Pratacultural Science, 27(1), 65-70.
	张成霞, 南志标 ( 2010). 放牧对草地土壤微生物影响的研究述评. 草业科学, 27(1), 65-70.
[37]	Zhang PL, Li XG, Li YK, Ying P ( 2007). Effects of vegetation restoration on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents in the alpine agro-pastoral ecotone. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 42(2), 98-102. DOI URL
	张平良, 李小刚, 李银科, 尹萍 ( 2007). 高寒农牧交错带植被恢复对土壤有机碳、全氮含量的影响. 甘肃农大学报, 42(2), 98-102. DOI URL
[38]	Zhang WT, Lai HX, Wang YP, Zhang H, Yang T, Lü JL ( 2008). Microbial populations in different vegetations in sloping field on the Loess Plateau. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 28, 4228-4234.
	张文婷, 来航线, 王延平, 张海, 杨婷, 吕家珑 ( 2008). 黄土高原不同植被坡地土壤微生物区系特征. 生态学报, 28, 4228-4234.
[39]	Zhang YJ, Guo SL, Liu QF, Jiang JS, Wang R, Li NN ( 2015). Responses of soil respiration to land use conversions in degraded ecosystem of the semi-arid Loess Plateau. Ecological Engineering, 74, 196-205. DOI URL
[40]	Zhang YJ, Yang GW, Liu N, Chang SJ, Wang XY ( 2013). Review of grassland management practices for carbon sequestration. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 22, 290-299.
	张英俊, 杨高文, 刘楠, 常书娟, 王晓亚 ( 2013). 草原碳汇管理对策. 草业学报, 22, 290-299.
[41]	Zheng W, Jianaerguli, Tang GR, Zhu JZ ( 2015). Determination and community stability in different legume-grass mixes. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 24(3), 155-167. DOI URL
	郑伟, 加娜尔古丽, 唐高溶, 朱进忠 ( 2015). 不同混播方式下豆禾混播草地群落稳定性的测度与比较. 草业学报, 24(3), 155-167. DOI URL

样地 Plot	2015			2016
样地 Plot	拟合方程 Fitted equation	R²	p	拟合方程 Fitted equation	R²	p
RG	R_s = 0.63e^0.10^T^s +$0.47W_{10}^{2}$- 0.11W₁₀ - 1.99	0.81	< 0.001	R_s = e^-0.99^T^s -$0.60W_{10}^{2}$+ 0.63W₁₀ - 0.73	0.68	< 0.01
LG	R_s= 0.92e^0.09^T^s +$1.22W_{10}^{2}$- 0.02W₁₀ - 12.45	0.67	< 0.01	R_s = e^-0.99^T^s +$0.45_{10}^{2}$- 0.24W₁₀ - 0.97	0.89	< 0.01
NG	R_s = e^-0.95^T^s -$0.49W_{10}^{2}$+ 0.49W₁₀ + 0.47	0.78	< 0.001	R_s = 0.46e^0.14^T^s -$0.02W_{10}^{2}$+ 0.64W₁₀ - 1.73	0.88	< 0.01
CR	R_s = e^-0.99^T^s -$0.79W_{10}^{2}$+ 0.85W₁₀ - 0.29	0.68	< 0.01	R_s= e^-^T^s +$0.86W_{10}^{2}$- 0.86W₁₀ + 0.42	0.64	< 0.01

样地 Plot	2015			2016
样地 Plot	拟合方程 Fitted equation	R²	p	拟合方程 Fitted equation	R²	p
RG	R_s = 0.63e^0.10^T^s +$0.47W_{10}^{2}$- 0.11W₁₀ - 1.99	0.81	< 0.001	R_s = e^-0.99^T^s -$0.60W_{10}^{2}$+ 0.63W₁₀ - 0.73	0.68	< 0.01
LG	R_s= 0.92e^0.09^T^s +$1.22W_{10}^{2}$- 0.02W₁₀ - 12.45	0.67	< 0.01	R_s = e^-0.99^T^s +$0.45_{10}^{2}$- 0.24W₁₀ - 0.97	0.89	< 0.01
NG	R_s = e^-0.95^T^s -$0.49W_{10}^{2}$+ 0.49W₁₀ + 0.47	0.78	< 0.001	R_s = 0.46e^0.14^T^s -$0.02W_{10}^{2}$+ 0.64W₁₀ - 1.73	0.88	< 0.01
CR	R_s = e^-0.99^T^s -$0.79W_{10}^{2}$+ 0.85W₁₀ - 0.29	0.68	< 0.01	R_s= e^-^T^s +$0.86W_{10}^{2}$- 0.86W₁₀ + 0.42	0.64	< 0.01

时期 Time	样地 Plot	总数量(10⁵·g^-1干土) Total abundance (10⁵·g^-1 dry soil)	细菌 Bacteria		放线菌 Actinomyces		真菌 Fungi
时期 Time	样地 Plot	总数量(10⁵·g^-1干土) Total abundance (10⁵·g^-1 dry soil)	数量(10⁵·g^-1干土) Abundance (10⁵·g^-1 dry soil)	比例 Proportion (%)	数量(10⁵·g^-1干土) Abundance (10⁵·g^-1 dry soil)	比例 Proportion (%)	数量(10⁵·g^-1干土) Abundance (10⁵·g^-1 dry soil)	比例 Proportion (%)
4月 April	RG	12.02	11.81 ± 0.58^a	98.22	1.75 ± 1.21^b	1.46	0.03 ± 2.91^b	0.32
	LG	12.15	11.51 ± 1.73^a	94.67	1.99 ± 3.53^b	1.64	0.44 ± 1.76^c	3.69
	NG	19.39	19.19 ± 4.26^c	98.94	1.55 ± 1.15^a	0.80	0.04 ± 1.76^b	0.26
	CR	14.55	13.69 ± 1.73^b	94.24	8.26 ± 5.24^c	5.68	0.01 ± 0.33^a	0.08
5月 May	RG	16.46	16.08 ± 1.64^b	98.03	3.33 ± 1.53^a	1.66	0.04 ± 1.26^a	0.31
	LG	13.36	12.69 ± 2.09^a	95.98	4.06 ± 3.98 ^ab	1.83	0.03 ± 2.02^b	2.19
	NG	18.04	17.65 ± 4.51^b	98.65	3.21 ± 3.69^a	0.99	0.06 ± 2.69^a	0.36
	CR	14.53	13.58 ± 2.94^a	94.41	6.59 ± 3.02^c	5.19	0.03 ± 1.05^b	0.40
6月 June	RG	15.56	15.08 ± 3.07^b	96.42	4.79 ± 3.64^b	2.63	0.01 ± 1.34^a	0.95
	LG	13.22	12.47 ± 1.33^a	95.21	2.51 ± 4.01^a	2.79	0.04 ± 3.17^c	2.00
	NG	16.98	16.43 ± 2.77^b	95.83	5.03 ± 2.79^b	2.40	0.02 ± 5.69^b	1.77
	CR	14.21	13.24 ± 2.50^a	93.29	4.91 ± 3.84^b	3.42	0.03 ± 3.89^c	3.29
7月初 Early of July	RG	16.86	15.59 ± 4.11^c	92.50	8.34 ± 1.31^b	4.93	0.04 ± 2.08^a	2.57
	LG	10.44	9.43 ± 2.91^a	86.88	5.16 ± 4.53^a	7.12	0.05 ± 2.68^a	6.00
	NG	17.51	16.49 ± 3.19^c	93.92	5.99 ± 6.07^a	3.57	0.04 ± 4.16^a	2.51
	CR	13.83	12.91 ± 2.18^b	90.44	8.48 ± 2.71^b	6.18	0.05 ± 0.88^a	3.38
7月末 End of July	RG	12.88	11.84 ± 3.39^b	89.46	7.38 ± 3.62^b	7.75	0.03 ± 2.44^a	2.79
	LG	5.18	5.41 ± 6.88^a	87.18	3.89 ± 2.56^a	6.25	0.04 ± 5,78^a	6.57
	NG	17.64	16.31 ± 2.87^c	92.47	7.22 ± 3.39^b	4.11	0.06 ± 0.88^b	3.42
	CR	12.66	11.49 ± 2.68^b	90.56	8.67 ± 1.81^c	6.98	0.03 ± 2.37^a	2.46
8月 August	RG	12.16	11.46 ± 11.55^b	93.87	5.79 ± 5.41^b	4.99	0.01 ± 1.73^a	1.14
	LG	8.79	8.21 ± 8.13^a	90.53	4.71 ± 5.17^b	7.75	0.01 ± 2.57^a	1.72
	NG	11.96	11.58 ± 1.58^b	96.77	2.67 ± 4.01^a	2.27	0.01 ± 1.53^a	0.96
	CR	10.51	9.60 ± 0.70^a	89.78	7.91 ± 3.08^c	8.81	0.01 ± 2.35^a	1.41
9月 September	RG	15.61	15.14 ± 4.57^b	97.16	4.21 ± 2.97^b	2.56	0.04 ± 4.82^a	0.28
	LG	12.92	12.71 ± 3.94^b	98.40	1.72 ± 2.54^a	1.33	0.04 ± 0.88^a	0.27
	NG	10.51	9.77 ± 7.97^a	86.48	6.98 ± 2.21^c	12.59	0.04 ± 1.47^a	0.93
	CR	7.74	7.15 ± 2.78^a	82.93	5.65 ± 1.81^d	16.53	0.03 ± 1.22^a	0.54

时期 Time	样地 Plot	总数量(10⁵·g^-1干土) Total abundance (10⁵·g^-1 dry soil)	细菌 Bacteria		放线菌 Actinomyces		真菌 Fungi
时期 Time	样地 Plot	总数量(10⁵·g^-1干土) Total abundance (10⁵·g^-1 dry soil)	数量(10⁵·g^-1干土) Abundance (10⁵·g^-1 dry soil)	比例 Proportion (%)	数量(10⁵·g^-1干土) Abundance (10⁵·g^-1 dry soil)	比例 Proportion (%)	数量(10⁵·g^-1干土) Abundance (10⁵·g^-1 dry soil)	比例 Proportion (%)
4月 April	RG	12.02	11.81 ± 0.58^a	98.22	1.75 ± 1.21^b	1.46	0.03 ± 2.91^b	0.32
	LG	12.15	11.51 ± 1.73^a	94.67	1.99 ± 3.53^b	1.64	0.44 ± 1.76^c	3.69
	NG	19.39	19.19 ± 4.26^c	98.94	1.55 ± 1.15^a	0.80	0.04 ± 1.76^b	0.26
	CR	14.55	13.69 ± 1.73^b	94.24	8.26 ± 5.24^c	5.68	0.01 ± 0.33^a	0.08
5月 May	RG	16.46	16.08 ± 1.64^b	98.03	3.33 ± 1.53^a	1.66	0.04 ± 1.26^a	0.31
	LG	13.36	12.69 ± 2.09^a	95.98	4.06 ± 3.98 ^ab	1.83	0.03 ± 2.02^b	2.19
	NG	18.04	17.65 ± 4.51^b	98.65	3.21 ± 3.69^a	0.99	0.06 ± 2.69^a	0.36
	CR	14.53	13.58 ± 2.94^a	94.41	6.59 ± 3.02^c	5.19	0.03 ± 1.05^b	0.40
6月 June	RG	15.56	15.08 ± 3.07^b	96.42	4.79 ± 3.64^b	2.63	0.01 ± 1.34^a	0.95
	LG	13.22	12.47 ± 1.33^a	95.21	2.51 ± 4.01^a	2.79	0.04 ± 3.17^c	2.00
	NG	16.98	16.43 ± 2.77^b	95.83	5.03 ± 2.79^b	2.40	0.02 ± 5.69^b	1.77
	CR	14.21	13.24 ± 2.50^a	93.29	4.91 ± 3.84^b	3.42	0.03 ± 3.89^c	3.29
7月初 Early of July	RG	16.86	15.59 ± 4.11^c	92.50	8.34 ± 1.31^b	4.93	0.04 ± 2.08^a	2.57
	LG	10.44	9.43 ± 2.91^a	86.88	5.16 ± 4.53^a	7.12	0.05 ± 2.68^a	6.00
	NG	17.51	16.49 ± 3.19^c	93.92	5.99 ± 6.07^a	3.57	0.04 ± 4.16^a	2.51
	CR	13.83	12.91 ± 2.18^b	90.44	8.48 ± 2.71^b	6.18	0.05 ± 0.88^a	3.38
7月末 End of July	RG	12.88	11.84 ± 3.39^b	89.46	7.38 ± 3.62^b	7.75	0.03 ± 2.44^a	2.79
	LG	5.18	5.41 ± 6.88^a	87.18	3.89 ± 2.56^a	6.25	0.04 ± 5,78^a	6.57
	NG	17.64	16.31 ± 2.87^c	92.47	7.22 ± 3.39^b	4.11	0.06 ± 0.88^b	3.42
	CR	12.66	11.49 ± 2.68^b	90.56	8.67 ± 1.81^c	6.98	0.03 ± 2.37^a	2.46
8月 August	RG	12.16	11.46 ± 11.55^b	93.87	5.79 ± 5.41^b	4.99	0.01 ± 1.73^a	1.14
	LG	8.79	8.21 ± 8.13^a	90.53	4.71 ± 5.17^b	7.75	0.01 ± 2.57^a	1.72
	NG	11.96	11.58 ± 1.58^b	96.77	2.67 ± 4.01^a	2.27	0.01 ± 1.53^a	0.96
	CR	10.51	9.60 ± 0.70^a	89.78	7.91 ± 3.08^c	8.81	0.01 ± 2.35^a	1.41
9月 September	RG	15.61	15.14 ± 4.57^b	97.16	4.21 ± 2.97^b	2.56	0.04 ± 4.82^a	0.28
	LG	12.92	12.71 ± 3.94^b	98.40	1.72 ± 2.54^a	1.33	0.04 ± 0.88^a	0.27
	NG	10.51	9.77 ± 7.97^a	86.48	6.98 ± 2.21^c	12.59	0.04 ± 1.47^a	0.93
	CR	7.74	7.15 ± 2.78^a	82.93	5.65 ± 1.81^d	16.53	0.03 ± 1.22^a	0.54

指标 Index	LG	RG	NG	CR
细菌 Bacteria (10⁵·g^-1 dry soil)	14.17 ± 3.95^bc	10.31 ± 3.91^a	15.02 ± 4.93^c	11.25 ± 3.90^ab
放线菌 Actinomyces (10⁵·g^-1 dry soil)	5.34 ± 24.42^a	3.55 ± 20.18^a	4.91 ± 30.91^ab	7.13 ± 19.87^b
真菌 Fungi (10⁵·g^-1 dry soil)	0.02 ± 16.18^a	0.03 ± 18.42^b	0.02 ± 23.01^b	0.02 ± 19.45^b
微生物生物量碳 Microbial biomass carbon (mg·kg^-1)	82.15 ± 26.61^a	82.12 ± 29.26^a	97.41 ± 32.92^b	97.72 ± 35.79^b