天目山常绿阔叶林优势种群及其空间分布格局

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2006.0096

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

常绿阔叶林是浙江省天目山国家级自然保护区重点保护植被类型,研究常绿阔叶林优势种群及其空间分布格局,可正确认识优势种群在常绿阔叶林中的地位和作用,为常绿阔叶林的保护和恢复重建提供理论依据。在天目山国家级自然保护区内,选择典型常绿阔叶林设置样地,样地大小100 m×100 m。用全站仪测定每株树木坐标。用优势度分析法确定群落优势种。采用Ripley'sK(d)函数分析优势种群空间分布格局和种间关联关系。结果表明,常绿阔叶林的优势树种数随大小级的增大而增加,但优势树种的聚集程度却降低。常绿灌木连蕊茶(Camellia fraterna)在幼苗、幼树中占绝对优势。在中树和大树中,以细叶青冈(Cyclobalanopsis gracilis)、青冈(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)和短尾柯(Lithocarpus brevicaudatus)为主,形成多优势种结构特征。连蕊茶、细叶青冈和青冈具有较稳定的显著聚集分布特征。豹皮樟(Litsea coreana var. sinensis)和短尾柯的分布格局波动较大。从整体上看,5个优势种群的分布格局都呈显著聚集分布特征。连蕊茶与细叶青冈、短尾柯、豹皮樟,以及细叶青冈与短尾柯、青冈与豹皮樟都有较强的物种空间依赖性。青冈和短尾柯相互独立生长,有显著负关联性。同科、属的细叶青冈和青冈也表现出显著负关联性。研究认为,种间关联关系具有传递性,可以从已知3个种的两对种间关联关系推出第三对种间关联关系。已知种间关联关系越显著,且尺度范围越宽,那么种间关联关系传递的稳定性也越高。结果认为,常绿阔叶树种是天目山国家级自然保护区常绿阔叶林群落的优势种,优势种均呈显著聚集分布,多数优势种间有较强的种间关联性。

关键词: 常绿阔叶林, 优势度, 优势种, 空间分布格局, Ripley's, K(d)函数

Abstract:

Background and Aims Evergreen broadleaved forest is an important vegetation type in National Nature Reserve of Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang Province. Study of dominant plant populations and their spatial patterns can reveal the roles of these populations and provide a theoretical basis for forest protection and restoration.

Methods A typical plot of 100 m×100 m was surveyed and dominance index analysis was applied to determine dominant plant populations. Ripley'sK(d) function was applied to diagnose spatial patterns and spatial associations between species pairs.

Key Results The number of dominant tree species increases with size class, but the degree of aggregation decreases. The evergreen shrub Camellia fraterna dominates seedling and small-tree size class. Cyclobalanopsis gracilis, Cyclobalanopsis glauca and Lithocarpus brevicaudatus dominate mid- and large-tree classes and have structural characteristics of multi-dominant tree species. Camellia fraterna, Cyclobalanopsis gracilis and Cyclobalanopsis glauca have stable and significant aggregated spatial patterns. Spatial patterns of Litsea coreana var. sinensis and Lithocarpus brevicaudatus vary greatly. In general, the five dominant populations have aggregated distributions. Camellia fraterna and Cyclobalanopsis gracilis or Lithocarpus brevicaudatus or Litsea coreana var. sinensis, Cyclobalanopsis gracilis and Lithocarpus brevicaudatus, and Cyclobalanopsis glauca and Litsea coreana var. sinensis, are significantly spatially independent of each other. Cyclobalanopsis glauca and Lithocarpus brevicaudatus are negatively associated with each other, so are Cyclobalanopsis gracilis and Cyclobalanopsis glauca. The association between species pairs is transferable, in that the association of the third species pairs can be deduced from the known association of two species pairs in three species; the more significant the association of species pairs and the wider the distance scale, the more stable the transference is.

Conclusions The dominant evergreen broadleaved tree species in Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve are significantly aggregated, and most are strongly associated.

Key words: Evergreen broadleaved forest, Dominance index, Dominant species, Spatial pattern, Ripley's K(d) function

汤孟平, 周国模, 施拥军, 陈永刚, 吴亚琪, 赵明水. 天目山常绿阔叶林优势种群及其空间分布格局. 植物生态学报, 2006, 30(5): 743-752. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0096

TANG Meng-Ping, ZHOU Guo-Mo, SHI Yong-Jun, CHEN Yong-Gang, WU Ya-Qi, ZHAO Ming-Shui. STUDY OF DOMINANT PLANT POPULATIONS AND THEIR SPATIAL PATTERNS IN EVERGREEN BROADLEAVED FOREST IN TIANMU MOUNTAIN, CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(5): 743-752. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0096

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2006.0096

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2006/V30/I5/743

图/表 5

表1 常绿阔叶林分级优势树种

Table 1 Dominant tree species of each class in evergreen broadleaved forest

树种 Tree species	大小级 Tree size class
树种 Tree species	幼苗 Seedling	幼树 Young	小树 Small	中树 Middle	大树 Big
连蕊茶 Camellia fraterna	√	√	√
细叶青冈 Cyclobalanopsis gracilis	√		√	√	√
豹皮樟 Litsea coreana var. sinensis	√		√	√	√
青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca			√	√	√
短尾柯 Lithocarpus brevicaudatus				√	√
榧树 Torreya grandis				√	√
木 Loropetalum chinensis				√	√
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata					√
山合欢 Albizia kalkora					√
枫香 Liquidambar formosana					√
白栎 Quercus fabri					√
黄连木 Pistacia chinensis					√
蓝果树 Nyssa sinensis					√
榉树 Zelkova schneideriana					√
天目木姜子 Litsea auriculata					√
优势树种数 Dominant tree species number	3	1	4	6	14

图1 各大小级优势树种的优势度比较

Fig.1 Comparison of dominant degree of dominant tree species in each class

图2 群落5个优势种的空间分布格局

Fig.2 Spatial patterns of five dominant tree species in the community

图3 优势种间关联关系 A:连蕊茶 Camellia fraternal B:细叶青冈Cyclobalanopsis gracilis C:青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca D:豹皮樟 Litsea coreana var. sinensis E:短尾柯 Lithocarpus brevicaudatus

Fig.3 Interspecific spatial association of dominant tree species

图4 优势树种数与分布格局的关系 Relation between dominant tree species number and pattern 括号内为优势种数量 The number of dominant tree species in the parentheses

Fig.4

参考文献 36

[1]	Bao WK (包维楷), Liu ZG (刘照光), Liu CL (刘朝禄), Yuan YF (袁亚夫), Liu RD (刘仁东) (2000). Fifteen-year changes of tree layer in secondary Castanopsis-Schima humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in central subtropics of western China . Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 24,702-709. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]	Batista J, Maguire D (1998). Modeling the spatial structure of tropical forests. Forest Ecology, 110,293-314.
[3]	Besag JE, Diggle PJ (1977). Simple Monte Carlo tests for spatial pattern. Applied Statistics, 26,327-333.
[4]	Cheng XL (程晓莉), An SQ (安树青), Li Y (李远), Zhuo YW (卓元午), Guan YJ (管永健), Liu SR (刘世荣) (2003). The individual distribution patterns and soil elements heterogeneity during the degradation of grassland in Ordo. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 27,503-509. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	Cai F (蔡飞), Song YC (宋永昌) (1997). A study on the structure and dynamics of Schima superba population on Wuyi Mountain . Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 21,138-148. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]	Cao GX (操国兴), Zhong ZC (钟章成), Liu Y (刘芸), Xie DT (谢德体) (2003). The study of distribution pattern of Camellia rosthorniana population in Jinyun Mountain . Journal of Biology (生物学杂志), 20(1),10-12. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]	Cressie N (1993). Statistics for Spatial Data. Wiley, New York, 900.
[8]	Da LJ (达良俊), Yang YC (杨永川), Song YC (宋永昌) (2004). Population structure and regeneration types of dominant species in an evergreen broadleaved forest in Tiantong National Forest Park, Zhejiang Province, eastern China. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 28,376-384.
[9]	Fahrig L (1994). The advantage of long-distance clonal spreading in highly disturbed habitats. Evolutional Ecology, 11,172-187.
[10]	Hanus M, Hann DW, Marshall DD (1998). Reconstructing the spatial pattern of trees from routine stand examination measurements. Forest Science, 44,125-133.
[11]	Hu XB (胡小兵), Yu MJ (于明坚) (2003). Size structure and distribution pattern of Cyclobalanopsis glauca population in evergreen broad-leaved forests. Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition) (浙江大学学报(理学版)), 30,574-579. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]	Jin ZX (金则新) (2001). Dominant population structure and trend of deciduous broad-leaved forest in the Tiantai Mountains of Zhejiang. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College (浙江林学院学报), 18,245-251. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	Liu J (刘健), Deng WZ (邓旺灶), Wei DH (韦德煌), Xu JP (许建平) (1999). Interspecific association of the predominant species in a natural coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest. Chinese Journal of Applied & Environmental Biology (应用与环境生物学报), 5,468-472. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]	Lotwick HW, Silverman BW (1982). Methods for analysing spatial processes of several types of points. Journal of the Royal Stati-stical Society Series B-Statistical Methodology, 44,406-413.
[15]	Moeur M (1993). Characterizing spatial patterns of trees using stem-mapped data. Forest Science, 39,756-775.
[16]	Ohsawa M (1984). Difference of vegetation zones and species strategies in the subalpine region of M. Fuji. Vegetatio, 57,15-52.
[17]	Peterson CJ, Squiers ER (1995). An unexpected change in spatial pattern across 10 years in an aspen-white-pine forest. Journal of Ecology, 83,847-855.
[18]	Ripley BD (1977). Modelling spatial pattern. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B-Statiscal Methodology, 39,172-212.
[19]	Sun RY (孙儒泳), Li QF (李庆芬), Niu CJ (牛翠娟), Lou AR (娄安如). Basic Ecology (基础生态学) 2nd edn. Higher Education Press, Beijing, 140-141. (in Chinese)
[20]	Szwagrzyk J (1992). Small-scale patterns of trees in a mixed Pinus sylvestris-Fagus sylvatica forest . Forest Ecology and Management, 51,301-315.
[21]	Tang MP (汤孟平), Tang SZ (唐守正), Lei XD (雷相东), Zhang HR (张会儒), Hong LX (洪玲霞), Feng YM (冯益明) (2003). Edge correction of Ripley's K( d) function on population spatial pattern analysis . Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 23,1533-1538. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]	Wang W (王巍), Liu CR (刘灿然), Ma KP (马克平), Yu SL (于顺利) (1999). Population structure and dynamics of Quercus liaotungensis in two broad-leaved deciduous forests in Dongling Mountain, northern China . Acta Botanica Sinica (植物学报), 41,425-432. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]	Wang WJ (王文娟), Wang CC (王传昌) (2004). The construction of forest resources database of Tianmu Mountain Nature Reserve. Fujian Geography (福建地理), 19(1),30-34. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]	Wang ZF (王峥峰), An SQ (安树青), Zhu XL (朱学雷), Yang XB (杨小波) (1998). Distribution pattern of tree populations in tropical forest and comparison of its study methods. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 9,575-580. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]	Wang ZF, Peng SL, Liu SZ, Li Z (2003). Spatial pattern of Cryptocarya chinensis life stages in lower subtropical forest, China . Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica, 44,159-166.
[26]	Wells ML, Getis A (1999). The spatial characteristics of stand structure in Pinus torreyana. Plant Ecology, 143,153-170.
[27]	Wu DR (吴大荣), Zhu ZD (朱政德) (2003). Preliminary study on structure and spatial distribution pattern of Phoebe bournei in Luo Boyan Nature Reserve in Fujian Province . Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 39(1),23-30. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]	Wu N (吴宁) (1995). Spatial pattern and relationship of dominant species in a Picea brachytyla community on Gongga Mountain . Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 19,270-279. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]	Yu DP (于大炮), Zhou L (周莉), Dong BL (董百丽), Dai LM (代力民), Wang QL (王庆礼) (2004). Structure and dynamics of Betula ermanii population on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain . Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 23(5),30-34. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]	Zhang F (张峰), Shangguan TL (上官铁梁) (2000). Population patterns of dominant species in Elaeagnus mollis communities, Shanxi . Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 21,480-484. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]	Zhang JD (张金屯) (1998). Analysis of spatial point pattern for plant species. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 22,344-349. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[32]	Zhang WQ (章皖秋), Li XH (李先华), Luo QZ (罗庆州), Zhang WM (张卫民), Zhao J (赵军), Shan YB (单勇兵) (2003). Spatial distribution of vegetation in Tianmu Mountain Nature Reserve based on RS and GIS data. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 22(6),21-27. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[33]	Zhao CM, Chen QH, Qiao YK, Pan KW (2004). Structure and spatial pattern of a natural Abies faxoniana population on the eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau . Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 28,341-350.
[34]	Zheng YR (郑元润) (1997). The applicability of various methods in analysis of Picea mongolica population spatial distribution pattern . Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 21,480-484. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[35]	Zhou CG (周重光) (1996). The ecological characteristic of forest biodiversity of Tianmu Mountain and its sustainability. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology (浙江林业科技), 16(5),1-7. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[36]	Zhou XY (周先叶), Wang BS (王伯荪), Li MG (李鸣光), Zan QJ (昝启杰 ) (2000). An analysis of interspecific associations in secondary succession forest communities in Heishiding Natural Reserve, Guangdong Province. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 24,332-339. (in Chinese with English abstract)