植株叶片的光合色素构成对遮阴的响应

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.08.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

叶绿素在植株体内负责光能的吸收、传递和转化, 类胡萝卜素则行使光能捕获和光破坏防御两大功能, 它们在光合作用中起着非常重要的作用。该文综述了几大主要光合色素的分布和功能, 以及不同物种的色素含量和构成差异。阳生植物的叶黄素库较大, 但脱环氧化水平不及阴生植物。黄体素与叶黄素库的比值与植物的耐阴性呈正相关关系。由不同的遮阴源造成的遮阴环境, 光强和光质有很大的差异, 总体来说对植物生长的影响, 建筑物遮阴<阔叶林遮阴<针叶林遮阴。光强的改变可诱导类胡萝卜素的两大循环——叶黄素循环和黄体素循环。由光强诱导的叶绿素含量和叶绿素a/b比值的改变与该物种的耐阴性无关。短时间的遮阴不会对植物的生长造成危害, 叶黄素库的大小不仅与每天接受的光量子有关, 更与光量子在一天的分布有关, 因为光照和温度是协同作用的。光合作用或色素构成是蓝光、红光和远红光共同作用的结果, 不是某一种单色光所能替代的。我们总结了影响植物色素构成的内因和外因, 指出植物主要通过调整光反应中心和捕光天线色素蛋白复合体的比例, 以及两个光系统的比值来调整色素含量和构成以适应不同的光照条件, 提出了现存研究中存在的一些问题, 旨在为今后的相关研究提供建议。

关键词: 类胡萝卜素, 叶绿素, 光合作用, 遮阴

Abstract:

Chlorophylls function in harvesting light energy, funneling the excitation to reaction center and converting sunlight into chemical energy, and carotenoids are responsible for light harvesting and photoprotection. Both are vital for photosynthesis. We summarized the distribution and function of the main photosynthetic pigments and variation of pigment composition and content in sun and shade plants. Sun plants possess larger xanthophyll cycle pool size (violaxanthin + antheraxanthin + zeaxanthin), but de-epoxidation level is lower than that of shade plants. The ratio of lutein to xanthophyll cycle pool size is positively correlated to plant shade tolerance. Light intensity and spectral quality vary between different shade sources. Generally for plant growth, building shade is better than vegetation shade, and deciduous shade exceeds coniferous shade. Variation in light intensity may activate two cycles in plants, xanthophyll cycle and lutein epoxide cycle, for light harvesting or energy dissipation. Some species may alter chlorophyll content and Chl a/b ratio to acclimate to different light intensity, but this character is not related to their shade tolerance. Temporary shade is not necessarily detrimental. Xanthophyll cycle pool size is not only determined by daily photon receipt, but also by the way photon flux is distributed over the daylight hours, because light and temperature are both essential for optimal photosynthetic metabolism. The best photosynthetic performances of plants were obtained with the reinforcement of blue, red and far red wavelengths and with a red: far red ratio closer to that observed in nature. We reviewed internal and external factors affecting photosynthetic pigment content and composition, and determined that during the acclimation to different light environments, plants altered pigment composition and content mainly through adjusting the ratio of reaction center to light harvesting complex and PSI/PSII. We also discussed current research problems and provided insight into future relevant research.

Key words: carotenoid, chlorophyll, photosynthesis, shade

孙小玲, 许岳飞, 马鲁沂, 周禾. 植株叶片的光合色素构成对遮阴的响应. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(8): 989-999. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.08.012

SUN Xiao-Ling, XU Yue-Fei, MA Lu-Yi, ZHOU He. A review of acclimation of photosynthetic pigment composition in plant leaves to shade environment. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(8): 989-999. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.08.012

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.08.012

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2010/V34/I8/989

图/表 4

图1 参与光破坏防御与捕光作用的主要的类胡萝卜素的转化流程图(引自McElroy et al., 2006, 略有改动)。

Fig. 1 Schematic of conversion pathway of primary plant carotenoids responsible for photoprotection and light harvesting (adapted from McElroy et al., 2006).

图2 落叶树遮阴、针叶树遮阴、建筑物遮阴和正常光照下不同波长的光占光合光量子与远红外光光量子之和的比例(测定地点: 美国俄亥俄州哥伦布市) (引自Bell et al., 2000, 略有改动)

Fig. 2 Proportion of photosynthetic photon flux plus far-red quanta (PPFFR; μmol·s-1·m-2) under deciduous shade, coniferous shade, building shade and full sun in Columbus, Ohio, USA (Adapted from Bell et al., 2000).

图3 落叶树遮阴、针叶树遮阴、建筑物遮阴和正常光照下的光合光量子的日变化动态图(测定地点: 美国俄亥俄州哥伦布市); 在150和867 μmol·m-2·s-1的横线代表多年生黑麦草的光补偿点和光饱和光强(引自Bell et al., 2000, 略有改动)。

Fig. 3 Diurnal photosynthetic photo flux (PPF) under deciduous shade, coniferous shade, building shade and full sun in Columbus, Ohio, USA. Horizontal lines at 150 and 867 μmol·m-2·s-1 represent the approximate light compensation and saturation points of perennial ryegrass (Adapted from Bell et al., 2000).

图4 叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素的吸收波长。来源: http://www.life.uiuc.edu/govindjee/paper/fig.5.gif。

Fig. 4 Absorption spectra of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids. Source: http://www.life.uiuc.edu/govindjee/paper/fig.5.gif. Cited: Aug. 2009.

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