·荒漠草地植物多样性对草食动物采食的响应机制

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0421

植物生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 564-573.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0421

所属专题：生物多样性

·荒漠草地植物多样性对草食动物采食的响应机制

刘文亭¹, 卫智军^1,,A;^*(), 吕世杰², 孙世贤³, 贾利娟⁴, 张爽¹, 王天乐¹, 代景忠¹, 卢志宏¹

¹内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院, 呼和浩特 010019
²内蒙古农业大学理学院, 呼和浩特 010018
³中国农业科学院草原研究所, 呼和浩特 010010
⁴苏尼特右旗草原工作站, 内蒙古锡林郭勒 011200

收稿日期:2015-11-23 接受日期:2016-05-12 出版日期:2016-06-10 发布日期:2016-06-15
通讯作者: 卫智军
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31460126)、国家重点基础研究发展计划(2014CB138805)、国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD13B00)和内蒙古自然科学基金(2015MS0349)

Response mechanism of plant diversity to herbivore foraging in desert grassland

Wen-Ting LIU¹, Zhi-Jun WEI^1,^*(), Shi-Jie LÜ², Shi-Xian SUN³, Li-Juan JIA⁴, Shuang ZHANG¹, Tian-Le WANG¹, Jing-Zhong DAI¹, Zhi-Hong LU¹

¹College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China

²College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China

³Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
and
⁴Sonid Right Banner Station of Grassland Management, Xilingol, Nei Mongol 011200, China

Received:2015-11-23 Accepted:2016-05-12 Online:2016-06-10 Published:2016-06-15
Contact: Zhi-Jun WEI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

草食动物采食对草地植物多样性和生态系统功能的影响机制是放牧生态学研究的核心问题。该研究以内蒙古锡林郭勒盟苏尼特右旗荒漠草原的长期放牧控制实验为平台, 从既有草地植物多样性和动物偏食性两个层面系统地研究了荒漠草地植物多样性对草食动物采食的响应机制。结果显示: 1)荒漠草地植物对草食动物采食呈现4种响应模式: 放牧“隐没种”、放牧“敏感种”、放牧“无感种”、“绝对优势种”; 2)在群落尺度上, 物种多样性指数随放牧强度增加而减少, 与不放牧小区相比, 重度放牧(HG)与适度放牧(MG)小区植物多样性均下降, 且这一规律同样适用于功能群多样性, 灌木半灌木这一功能群内物种多样性对放牧干扰较敏感; 3)在草地既有植物的基础上, 以不放牧小区为参考系, 草食动物对植物功能群偏食性的排序为: 一二年生草本(AB) >多年生杂类草(PF) >灌木半灌木(SS) >多年生禾草(PG), 且偏食性物种主要分布于AB和PF中; 4)植物多样性与动物偏食性基本呈显著负相关关系(p < 0.05)。

关键词: 植物多样性, 偏食性, 草食动物, 荒漠草地, 组织尺度

Abstract:

Aims The mechanism of herbivore foraging effect on plant diversity and ecosystem functions of grasslands is the core issue of grazing ecology research. This study is aimed to examine 1) how species respond to different grazing intensity in grassland, and how plant diversity responds to different grazing intensity within different organization scales and whether there are cascade effects across multiple organization scales? 2) How herbivore foraging affects plant diversity.Methods Based on a six-year grazing experiment in Sonid Right Banner, Xilingol, the study attempted to explain the relationships between plant diversity and herbivore foraging from two perspectives, i.e. plant diversity index and herbivore preference index.Important findings Results showed that there were four modes for desert grassland plant in response to herbivore: grazing-hidden species, grazing-sensitive species, grazing-non inductive species and absolute dominant species. At the community scale, species diversity index decreased with an increased grazing intensity. Compared with no grazing, heavy grazing and moderate grazing treatments decreased community plant diversity, and the same principle is applicable to the functional group diversity. Further analysis found that differences of grazing species diversity within a functional group were mainly caused by shrubs and semi-shrubs. Compared to plots without grazing, the herbivore preference degree on the whole species was lower for moderate grazing plots than heavy grazing ones. The foraging preference order on the plant functional groups was annual and biennial forbs (AB), perennial forbs (PF), shrubs and semi-shrubs (SS) and perennial grasses (PG). The preferred species were mainly distributed in AB and PF. The diversity index of plant and preference index of herbivore were basically significant and negatively correlated (p < 0.05).

Key words: plant diversity, preference species, herbivore, desert grassland, organization scale

刘文亭, 卫智军, 吕世杰, 孙世贤, 贾利娟, 张爽, 王天乐, 代景忠, 卢志宏. ·荒漠草地植物多样性对草食动物采食的响应机制. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(6): 564-573. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0421

Wen-Ting LIU, Zhi-Jun WEI, Shi-Jie LÜ, Shi-Xian SUN, Li-Juan JIA, Shuang ZHANG, Tian-Le WANG, Jing-Zhong DAI, Zhi-Hong LU. Response mechanism of plant diversity to herbivore foraging in desert grassland. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(6): 564-573. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0421

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I6/564

图/表 8

参考文献 37

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物种 Species	植物功能群 Plant functional groups	物种代码 Species code	植物功能群代码 Plant functional group code
短花针茅 Stipa breviflora	多年生草本 Perennial grasses	S1	PG
无芒隐子草 Cleistogenes songorica	多年生草本 Perennial grasses	S2	PG
寸草 Carex duriuscula	多年生草本 Perennial grasses	S3	PG
木地肤 Kochia prostrata	灌木半灌木 Shrubs and semi-shrubs	S4	SS
狭叶锦鸡儿 Caragana stenophylla	灌木半灌木 Shrubs and semi-shrubs	S5	SS
戈壁天门冬 Asparagus gobicus	灌木半灌木 Shrubs and semi-shrubs	S6	SS
茵陈蒿 Artemisia capillaris	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	S7	PF
阿尔泰狗娃花 Heteropappus altaicus	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	S8	PF
碱韭 Allium polyrhizum	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	S9	PF
二刺叶兔唇花 Lagochilus diacanthophyllus	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	S10	PF
银灰旋花 Convolvulus ammannii	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	S11	PF
二型叶棘豆 Oxytropis diversifolia	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	S12	PF
乳白黄耆 Astragalus galactites	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	S13	PF
拐轴鸦葱 Scorzonera divaricata	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	S14	PF
冷蒿 Artemisia frigida	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	S15	PF
蒙古韭 Allium mongolicum	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	S16	PF
韭 Allium tuberosum	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	S17	PF
细叶韭 Allium tenuissimum	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	S18	PF
二裂委陵菜 Potentilla bifurca	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	S19	PF
栉叶蒿 Neopallasia pectinata	一二年生草本 Annual and biennial forbs	S20	AB
猪毛菜 Salsola collina	一二年生草本 Annual and biennial forbs	S21	AB
牻牛儿苗 Erodium stephanianum	一二年生草本 Annual and biennial forbs	S22	AB
狗尾草 Setaria viridis	一二年生草本 Annual and biennial forbs	S23	AB
画眉草 Eragrostis pilosa	一二年生草本 Annual and biennial forbs	S24	AB

物种 Species	植物功能群 Plant functional groups	物种代码 Species code	植物功能群代码 Plant functional group code
短花针茅 Stipa breviflora	多年生草本 Perennial grasses	S1	PG
无芒隐子草 Cleistogenes songorica	多年生草本 Perennial grasses	S2	PG
寸草 Carex duriuscula	多年生草本 Perennial grasses	S3	PG
木地肤 Kochia prostrata	灌木半灌木 Shrubs and semi-shrubs	S4	SS
狭叶锦鸡儿 Caragana stenophylla	灌木半灌木 Shrubs and semi-shrubs	S5	SS
戈壁天门冬 Asparagus gobicus	灌木半灌木 Shrubs and semi-shrubs	S6	SS
茵陈蒿 Artemisia capillaris	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	S7	PF
阿尔泰狗娃花 Heteropappus altaicus	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	S8	PF
碱韭 Allium polyrhizum	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	S9	PF
二刺叶兔唇花 Lagochilus diacanthophyllus	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	S10	PF
银灰旋花 Convolvulus ammannii	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	S11	PF
二型叶棘豆 Oxytropis diversifolia	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	S12	PF
乳白黄耆 Astragalus galactites	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	S13	PF
拐轴鸦葱 Scorzonera divaricata	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	S14	PF
冷蒿 Artemisia frigida	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	S15	PF
蒙古韭 Allium mongolicum	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	S16	PF
韭 Allium tuberosum	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	S17	PF
细叶韭 Allium tenuissimum	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	S18	PF
二裂委陵菜 Potentilla bifurca	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	S19	PF
栉叶蒿 Neopallasia pectinata	一二年生草本 Annual and biennial forbs	S20	AB
猪毛菜 Salsola collina	一二年生草本 Annual and biennial forbs	S21	AB
牻牛儿苗 Erodium stephanianum	一二年生草本 Annual and biennial forbs	S22	AB
狗尾草 Setaria viridis	一二年生草本 Annual and biennial forbs	S23	AB
画眉草 Eragrostis pilosa	一二年生草本 Annual and biennial forbs	S24	AB

年份 Year	1月 Jan.	2月 Feb.	3月 Mar.	4月 Apr.	5月 May	6月 June	7月 July	8月 Aug.	9月 Sept.	10月 Oct.	11月 Nov.	12月 Dec.
2012	0	0.1	10.2	7.5	18.7	42.7	166.6	17.3	33.2	6.6	21.1	4.7
2013	1	0.8	2.6	2.7	1.2	86.9	44.9	60.9	20.8	0.1	6.6	0.5
2014	0	7.2	0	11.6	18.9	15.1	17.7	12.7	18.8	11.6	1.1	0.3

年份 Year	1月 Jan.	2月 Feb.	3月 Mar.	4月 Apr.	5月 May	6月 June	7月 July	8月 Aug.	9月 Sept.	10月 Oct.	11月 Nov.	12月 Dec.
2012	0	0.1	10.2	7.5	18.7	42.7	166.6	17.3	33.2	6.6	21.1	4.7
2013	1	0.8	2.6	2.7	1.2	86.9	44.9	60.9	20.8	0.1	6.6	0.5
2014	0	7.2	0	11.6	18.9	15.1	17.7	12.7	18.8	11.6	1.1	0.3

放牧强度 Grazing intensity	功能群内物种丰富度指数 Species richness within plant functional groups index				功能群内物种多样性指数 Species diversity within plant functional groups index
放牧强度 Grazing intensity	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	灌木半灌木 Shrubs and semi-shrubs	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	一二年生草本 Annual and biennial forbs	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	灌木半灌木 Shrubs and semi-shrubs	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	一二年生草本 Annual and biennial forbs
重度放牧 Heavy grazing	2.26 ± 0.09^a	0.79 ± 0.08^b	3.23 ± 0.14^a	0.67 ± 0.12^a	0.63 ± 0.04^a	0.04 ± 0.03^b	0.72 ± 0.04^b	0.15 ± 0.05^a
适度放牧 Moderate grazing	2.23 ± 0.1^a	0.53 ± 0.09^b	3.18 ± 0.25^a	0.63 ± 0.13^a	0.67 ± 0.05^a	0.03 ± 0.03^ab	0.69 ± 0.07^b	0.13 ± 0.05^a
不放牧 No grazing	2.39 ± 0.07^a	0.93 ± 0.09^a	3.54 ± 0.18^a	0.48 ± 0.09^a	0.68 ± 0.04^a	0.13 ± 0.04^a	0.93 ± 0.05^a	0.13 ± 0.05^a

·荒漠草地植物多样性对草食动物采食的响应机制

Response mechanism of plant diversity to herbivore foraging in desert grassland

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