植物生态学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 477-490.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00044
所属专题: 生物多样性
崔宁洁1,张丹桔1,刘洋1,张健1,2,*(),杨万勤1,欧江1,张捷1,宋小艳1,殷睿1
收稿日期:
2013-10-09
接受日期:
2014-03-28
出版日期:
2014-10-09
发布日期:
2014-05-13
通讯作者:
张健
基金资助:
CUI Ning-Jie1,ZHANG Dan-Ju1,LIU Yang1,ZHANG Jian1,2,*(),YANG Wan-Qin1,OU Jiang1,ZHANG Jie1,SONG Xiao-Yan1,YIN Rui1
Received:
2013-10-09
Accepted:
2014-03-28
Online:
2014-10-09
Published:
2014-05-13
Contact:
ZHANG Jian
摘要:
人工林目前存在结构单一、土壤退化、生物多样性降低等人类普遍关注的生态问题。马尾松(Pinus massoniana)是长江上游低山丘陵区退耕还林的主要人工林树种。研究采伐林窗对植物物种组成和更新的影响, 对马尾松低效人工林的改造, 提升其生态服务功能具有重要的意义。该文以采伐39年生的马尾松人工林形成的7种不同大小的林窗为研究对象, 分析了不同季节林窗内的植物生活型组成及多样性变化。结果表明: 1)马尾松人工林林下植物以高位芽植物居多, 其次是地面、地下芽植物, 一年生植物较少而缺少地上芽植物。在林窗形成初期, 林窗的高位芽植物比例明显低于林下, 大林窗的高位芽植物比例稍高于小林窗, 地下芽和一年生植物的比例低于小林窗。2)林下的物种丰富度和物种多样性指数显著低于大林窗。不同林窗下植物的丰富度指数、优势度指数、多样性指数也存在显著差异。3)夏季林窗下植物多样性最高, 其次是秋季, 春季多样性最低。1225-1600 m2的大林窗能够促进马尾松人工林植物多样性恢复和植被更新。
崔宁洁,张丹桔,刘洋,张健,杨万勤,欧江,张捷,宋小艳,殷睿. 马尾松人工林不同大小林窗植物多样性及其季节动态. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(5): 477-490. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00044
CUI Ning-Jie,ZHANG Dan-Ju,LIU Yang,ZHANG Jian,YANG Wan-Qin,OU Jiang,ZHANG Jie,SONG Xiao-Yan,YIN Rui. Plant diversity and seasonal dynamics in forest gaps of varying sizes in Pinus massoniana plantations. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(5): 477-490. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00044
林窗 Forest gap | 土壤基本性质(平均值±标准误差) Soil property (mean ± SE) | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 坡度 Slope (°) | 坡向 Aspect | 环境因子变量 Environmental factor variables | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
容重 Bulk density (g·cm-3) | 总孔隙度 Total porosity (%) | 最大持水量 Maximum water holding capacity (g·kg-1) | pH | 月平均气温 Monthly average air temperature (℃) | 月平均湿度 Monthly average humidity (%) | 相对光强 Relative light intensity (%) | ||||||||||||
Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | ||||||||||
G1 | 1.20 ± 0.09 | 52.2 ± 1.8 | 435.5 ± 40.3 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 423 | 24.5 | 西南 Southwest | 19.53 | 26.71 | 22.03 | 70.9 | 85.7 | 95.6 | 60.7 | 87.7 | 55.2 | ||
G2 | 1.28 ± 0.08 | 50.0 ± 1.3 | 393.7 ± 31.9 | 4.2 ± 0.2 | 438 | 26.0 | 东南 Southeast | 19.33 | 26.41 | 22.04 | 71.4 | 87.2 | 94.1 | 63.3 | 93.5 | 57.6 | ||
G3 | 1.35 ± 0.11 | 52.6 ± 4.9 | 394.1 ± 65.1 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 408 | 23.5 | 东南 Southeast | 19.65 | 27.70 | 21.87 | 68.8 | 89.9 | 93.7 | 64.7 | 94.8 | 60.2 | ||
G4 | 1.41 ± 0.11 | 45.7 ± 7.7 | 326.1 ± 68.2 | 4.3 ± 0.2 | 424 | 24.0 | 东南 Southeast | 19.74 | 27.18 | 21.40 | 72.3 | 90.5 | 97.3 | 67.8 | 95.3 | 65.4 | ||
G5 | 1.31 ± 0.17 | 49.9 ± 4.6 | 388.1 ± 75.1 | 4.4 ± 0.3 | 441 | 21.5 | 南 South | 20.27 | 28.16 | 22.65 | 69.0 | 84.6 | 93.6 | 68.8 | 95.4 | 66.9 | ||
G6 | 1.29 ± 0.26 | 51.4 ± 4.8 | 416.2 ± 32.9 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 418 | 27.0 | 东南 Southeast | 19.92 | 28.13 | 21.96 | 70.2 | 86.2 | 92.5 | 71.0 | 96.3 | 69.3 | ||
G7 | 1.41 ± 0.04 | 45.9 ± 1.7 | 326.6 ± 21.1 | 4.6 ± 0.2 | 430 | 26.0 | 东南 Southeast | 19.70 | 27.74 | 22.55 | 69.7 | 86.3 | 91.6 | 71.7 | 98.3 | 70.8 | ||
CK | 1.40 ± 0.14 | 50.1 ± 2.8 | 363.0 ± 54.7 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 427 | 23.0 | 东南 Southeast | 19.80 | 27.63 | 21.49 | 70.2 | 90.1 | 93.6 | 19.8 | 16.3 | 16.1 |
表1 样地基本概况
Table 1 The basic information of sampling plots
林窗 Forest gap | 土壤基本性质(平均值±标准误差) Soil property (mean ± SE) | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 坡度 Slope (°) | 坡向 Aspect | 环境因子变量 Environmental factor variables | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
容重 Bulk density (g·cm-3) | 总孔隙度 Total porosity (%) | 最大持水量 Maximum water holding capacity (g·kg-1) | pH | 月平均气温 Monthly average air temperature (℃) | 月平均湿度 Monthly average humidity (%) | 相对光强 Relative light intensity (%) | ||||||||||||
Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | ||||||||||
G1 | 1.20 ± 0.09 | 52.2 ± 1.8 | 435.5 ± 40.3 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 423 | 24.5 | 西南 Southwest | 19.53 | 26.71 | 22.03 | 70.9 | 85.7 | 95.6 | 60.7 | 87.7 | 55.2 | ||
G2 | 1.28 ± 0.08 | 50.0 ± 1.3 | 393.7 ± 31.9 | 4.2 ± 0.2 | 438 | 26.0 | 东南 Southeast | 19.33 | 26.41 | 22.04 | 71.4 | 87.2 | 94.1 | 63.3 | 93.5 | 57.6 | ||
G3 | 1.35 ± 0.11 | 52.6 ± 4.9 | 394.1 ± 65.1 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 408 | 23.5 | 东南 Southeast | 19.65 | 27.70 | 21.87 | 68.8 | 89.9 | 93.7 | 64.7 | 94.8 | 60.2 | ||
G4 | 1.41 ± 0.11 | 45.7 ± 7.7 | 326.1 ± 68.2 | 4.3 ± 0.2 | 424 | 24.0 | 东南 Southeast | 19.74 | 27.18 | 21.40 | 72.3 | 90.5 | 97.3 | 67.8 | 95.3 | 65.4 | ||
G5 | 1.31 ± 0.17 | 49.9 ± 4.6 | 388.1 ± 75.1 | 4.4 ± 0.3 | 441 | 21.5 | 南 South | 20.27 | 28.16 | 22.65 | 69.0 | 84.6 | 93.6 | 68.8 | 95.4 | 66.9 | ||
G6 | 1.29 ± 0.26 | 51.4 ± 4.8 | 416.2 ± 32.9 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 418 | 27.0 | 东南 Southeast | 19.92 | 28.13 | 21.96 | 70.2 | 86.2 | 92.5 | 71.0 | 96.3 | 69.3 | ||
G7 | 1.41 ± 0.04 | 45.9 ± 1.7 | 326.6 ± 21.1 | 4.6 ± 0.2 | 430 | 26.0 | 东南 Southeast | 19.70 | 27.74 | 22.55 | 69.7 | 86.3 | 91.6 | 71.7 | 98.3 | 70.8 | ||
CK | 1.40 ± 0.14 | 50.1 ± 2.8 | 363.0 ± 54.7 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 427 | 23.0 | 东南 Southeast | 19.80 | 27.63 | 21.49 | 70.2 | 90.1 | 93.6 | 19.8 | 16.3 | 16.1 |
种名 Species | 科 Family | 生活型 Life form | 林窗 Forest gap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G1 | G2 | G3 | G4 | G5 | G6 | G7 | CK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | ||||||||||
商陆 Phytolacca acinosa | 商陆科 Phytolaccaceae | 地下芽植物 Geophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
荩草 Arthraxon hispidus | 禾本科 Poaceae | 一年生植物 Therophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
芒 Miscanthus sinensis | 禾本科 Poaceae | 地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
淡竹叶 Lophatherum gracile | 禾本科 Poaceae | 地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | |||||||
皱叶狗尾草 Setaria plicata | 禾本科 Poaceae | 地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | |||||||
细柄草 Capillipedium parviflorum | 禾本科 Poaceae | 地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |||||||
蕨 Pteridium aquilinum | 凤尾蕨科 Pteridaceae | 地下芽植物 Geophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
铁芒萁 Dicranopteris linearis | 里白科 Gleicheniaceae | 地下芽植物 Geophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
乌蕨 Stenoloma chusanum | 鳞始蕨科 Lindsaeaceae | 地下芽植物 Geophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
贯众 Cyrtomium fortunei | 鳞毛蕨科 Dryopteridaceae | 地下芽植物 Geophytes | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
海金沙 Lygodium japonicum | 海金沙科 Lygodiaceae | 地下芽植物 Geophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
长尖莎草 Cyperus cuspidatus | 莎草科 Cyperaceae | 一年生植物 Therophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |||||||
水蜈蚣 Kyllinga brevifolia | 莎草科 Cyperaceae | 地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
一年蓬 Erigeron annuus | 菊科 Compositae | 一年生植物 Therophytes | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
蒲公英 Herba taraxaci | 菊科 Compositae | 地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
佛耳草 Gnaphalium affine | 菊科 Compositae | 地下芽植物 Geophytes | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
野茼蒿 Gynura crepidioides | 菊科 Compositae | 地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |||||||
种名 Species | 科 Family | 生活型 Life form | 林窗 Forest gap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
G1 | G2 | G3 | G4 | G5 | G6 | G7 | CK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | ||||||||||
田野千里光 Senecio oryzetorum | 菊科 Compositae | 一年生植物 Therophytes | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
梨叶悬钩子 Rubus pirifolius | 蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | |||||||
刺莓 Rubus taiwanianus | 蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
茅莓 Rubus parvifolius | 蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |||||||
插田泡 Rubus coreanus | 蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | |||||||
蛇莓 Duchesnea indica | 蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
野蔷薇 Rosa multiflora | 蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
寒莓 Rubus buergeri | 蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |||||||
川莓 Rubus setchuenensis | 蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca | 壳斗科 Fagaceae | 中高位芽植物Meso-phanerophytes | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
麻栎 Quercus acutissima | 壳斗科 Fagaceae | 中高位芽植物Meso-phanerophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
板栗 Castanea mollissima | 壳斗科 Fagaceae | 大高位芽植物Mega-phanerophytes | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
野梧桐 Mallotus tenuifolius | 大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |||||||
油桐 Vernicia fordii | 大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 中高位芽植物Meso-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |||||||
毛桐 Mallotus barbatus | 大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
乌桕 Sapium sebiferum | 大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 中高位芽植物Meso-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
香樟 Cinnamomum camphora | 樟科 Lauraceae | 大高位芽植物Mega-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
山鸡椒 Litsea cubeba | 樟科 Lauraceae | 小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
种名 Species | 科 Family | 生活型 Life form | 林窗 Forest gap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
G1 | G2 | G3 | G4 | G5 | G6 | G7 | CK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | ||||||||||
檫木 Sassafras tzumu | 樟科 Lauraceae | 中高位芽植物Meso-phanerophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
构树 Broussonetia papyrifera | 桑科 Moraceae | 中高位芽植物Meso-phanerophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
地桃花 Urena lobata | 锦葵科 Malvaceae | 矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
木芙蓉 Hibiscus mutabilis | 锦葵科 Malvaceae | 小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
铁仔 Myrsine africana | 紫金牛科 Myrsinaceae | 小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
积雪草 Centella asiatica | 伞形科 Apiaceae | 地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |||||||
杠板归 Polygonum perfoliatum | 蓼科 Polygonaceae | 一年生植物 Therophytes | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
桤木 Alnus cremastogyne | 桦木科 Betulaceae | 大高位芽植物Mega-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
展毛野牡丹 Melastoma normale | 野牡丹科Melastomataceae | 矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
栀子 Gardenia jasminoides | 茜草科 Rubiaceae | 矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes phanerophytes | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | |||||||
紫花地丁 Viola philippica | 堇菜科 Violaceae | 地面芽植物Hemicryptophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |||||||
柑橘 Citrus reticulata | 芸香科 Rutaceae | 大高位芽植物Mega-phanerophytes | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |||||||
黄荆 Vitex negundo | 马鞭草科 Verbenaceae | 小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
盐肤木 Rhus chinensis | 漆树科 Anacardiaceae | 小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
楤木 Aralia chinensis | 五加科 Araliaceae | 小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
马尾松 Pinus massoniana massoniana massoniana massoniana | 松科 Pinaceae | 大高位芽植物Mega-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
表2 马尾松人工林的物种组成及生活型
Table 2 Species composition and life form of plants in Pinus massoniana plantation
种名 Species | 科 Family | 生活型 Life form | 林窗 Forest gap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G1 | G2 | G3 | G4 | G5 | G6 | G7 | CK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | ||||||||||
商陆 Phytolacca acinosa | 商陆科 Phytolaccaceae | 地下芽植物 Geophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
荩草 Arthraxon hispidus | 禾本科 Poaceae | 一年生植物 Therophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
芒 Miscanthus sinensis | 禾本科 Poaceae | 地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
淡竹叶 Lophatherum gracile | 禾本科 Poaceae | 地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | |||||||
皱叶狗尾草 Setaria plicata | 禾本科 Poaceae | 地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | |||||||
细柄草 Capillipedium parviflorum | 禾本科 Poaceae | 地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |||||||
蕨 Pteridium aquilinum | 凤尾蕨科 Pteridaceae | 地下芽植物 Geophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
铁芒萁 Dicranopteris linearis | 里白科 Gleicheniaceae | 地下芽植物 Geophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
乌蕨 Stenoloma chusanum | 鳞始蕨科 Lindsaeaceae | 地下芽植物 Geophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
贯众 Cyrtomium fortunei | 鳞毛蕨科 Dryopteridaceae | 地下芽植物 Geophytes | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
海金沙 Lygodium japonicum | 海金沙科 Lygodiaceae | 地下芽植物 Geophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
长尖莎草 Cyperus cuspidatus | 莎草科 Cyperaceae | 一年生植物 Therophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |||||||
水蜈蚣 Kyllinga brevifolia | 莎草科 Cyperaceae | 地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
一年蓬 Erigeron annuus | 菊科 Compositae | 一年生植物 Therophytes | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
蒲公英 Herba taraxaci | 菊科 Compositae | 地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
佛耳草 Gnaphalium affine | 菊科 Compositae | 地下芽植物 Geophytes | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
野茼蒿 Gynura crepidioides | 菊科 Compositae | 地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |||||||
种名 Species | 科 Family | 生活型 Life form | 林窗 Forest gap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
G1 | G2 | G3 | G4 | G5 | G6 | G7 | CK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | ||||||||||
田野千里光 Senecio oryzetorum | 菊科 Compositae | 一年生植物 Therophytes | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
梨叶悬钩子 Rubus pirifolius | 蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | |||||||
刺莓 Rubus taiwanianus | 蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
茅莓 Rubus parvifolius | 蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |||||||
插田泡 Rubus coreanus | 蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | |||||||
蛇莓 Duchesnea indica | 蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
野蔷薇 Rosa multiflora | 蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
寒莓 Rubus buergeri | 蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |||||||
川莓 Rubus setchuenensis | 蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca | 壳斗科 Fagaceae | 中高位芽植物Meso-phanerophytes | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
麻栎 Quercus acutissima | 壳斗科 Fagaceae | 中高位芽植物Meso-phanerophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
板栗 Castanea mollissima | 壳斗科 Fagaceae | 大高位芽植物Mega-phanerophytes | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
野梧桐 Mallotus tenuifolius | 大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |||||||
油桐 Vernicia fordii | 大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 中高位芽植物Meso-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |||||||
毛桐 Mallotus barbatus | 大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
乌桕 Sapium sebiferum | 大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 中高位芽植物Meso-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
香樟 Cinnamomum camphora | 樟科 Lauraceae | 大高位芽植物Mega-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
山鸡椒 Litsea cubeba | 樟科 Lauraceae | 小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
种名 Species | 科 Family | 生活型 Life form | 林窗 Forest gap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
G1 | G2 | G3 | G4 | G5 | G6 | G7 | CK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | Sp | S | A | ||||||||||
檫木 Sassafras tzumu | 樟科 Lauraceae | 中高位芽植物Meso-phanerophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
构树 Broussonetia papyrifera | 桑科 Moraceae | 中高位芽植物Meso-phanerophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
地桃花 Urena lobata | 锦葵科 Malvaceae | 矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
木芙蓉 Hibiscus mutabilis | 锦葵科 Malvaceae | 小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
铁仔 Myrsine africana | 紫金牛科 Myrsinaceae | 小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
积雪草 Centella asiatica | 伞形科 Apiaceae | 地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |||||||
杠板归 Polygonum perfoliatum | 蓼科 Polygonaceae | 一年生植物 Therophytes | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
桤木 Alnus cremastogyne | 桦木科 Betulaceae | 大高位芽植物Mega-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
展毛野牡丹 Melastoma normale | 野牡丹科Melastomataceae | 矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
栀子 Gardenia jasminoides | 茜草科 Rubiaceae | 矮高位芽植物Nano-phanerophytes phanerophytes | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | |||||||
紫花地丁 Viola philippica | 堇菜科 Violaceae | 地面芽植物Hemicryptophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |||||||
柑橘 Citrus reticulata | 芸香科 Rutaceae | 大高位芽植物Mega-phanerophytes | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |||||||
黄荆 Vitex negundo | 马鞭草科 Verbenaceae | 小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
盐肤木 Rhus chinensis | 漆树科 Anacardiaceae | 小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
楤木 Aralia chinensis | 五加科 Araliaceae | 小高位芽植物Micro-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
马尾松 Pinus massoniana massoniana massoniana massoniana | 松科 Pinaceae | 大高位芽植物Mega-phanerophytes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
生活型 Life form | 林窗 Forest gap | CK | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G1 | G2 | G3 | G4 | G5 | G6 | G7 | ||
高位芽植物 Phanerophytes | 39.38 | 49.30 | 47.65 | 52.63 | 54.48 | 51.30 | 53.87 | 65.20 |
地上芽植物 Chamaephytes | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes | 21.44 | 19.70 | 19.89 | 21.26 | 20.68 | 20.32 | 21.64 | 13.62 |
地下芽植物 Geophytes | 23.20 | 21.15 | 23.43 | 17.99 | 15.55 | 17.97 | 15.76 | 15.89 |
一年生植物 Therophytes | 15.98 | 9.85 | 10.45 | 8.12 | 9.29 | 10.41 | 8.73 | 5.29 |
表3 马尾松人工林植物生活型的百分数(%)
Table 3 Life-form percentage of plants in Pinus massoniana plantations (%)
生活型 Life form | 林窗 Forest gap | CK | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G1 | G2 | G3 | G4 | G5 | G6 | G7 | ||
高位芽植物 Phanerophytes | 39.38 | 49.30 | 47.65 | 52.63 | 54.48 | 51.30 | 53.87 | 65.20 |
地上芽植物 Chamaephytes | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
地面芽植物 Hemicryptophytes | 21.44 | 19.70 | 19.89 | 21.26 | 20.68 | 20.32 | 21.64 | 13.62 |
地下芽植物 Geophytes | 23.20 | 21.15 | 23.43 | 17.99 | 15.55 | 17.97 | 15.76 | 15.89 |
一年生植物 Therophytes | 15.98 | 9.85 | 10.45 | 8.12 | 9.29 | 10.41 | 8.73 | 5.29 |
变量 Variables | 变异来源 Source of variation | 自由度 df | F值 F value | p值 p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
丰富度指数 Richness index | 季节 Season | 2 | 29.319 | < 0.001 |
林窗面积 Gap size | 7 | 18.639 | < 0.001 | |
季节×林窗面积 Season × gap size | 14 | 1.449 | 0.168 | |
Simpson生态优势度指数 Simpson ecological dominance index | 季节 Season | 2 | 31.618 | < 0.001 |
林窗面积 Gap size | 7 | 17.339 | < 0.001 | |
季节×林窗面积 Season × gap size | 14 | 5.096 | < 0.001 | |
Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener species diversity index | 季节 Season | 2 | 34.520 | < 0.001 |
林窗面积 Gap size | 7 | 20.457 | < 0.001 | |
季节×林窗面积 Season × gap size | 14 | 3.326 | 0.001 | |
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index | 季节 Season | 2 | 9.227 | < 0.001 |
林窗面积 Gap size | 7 | 8.278 | < 0.001 | |
季节×林窗面积 Season × gap size | 14 | 5.240 | < 0.001 |
表4 季节和林窗面积对植物多样性指数影响的双因素方差分析
Table 4 Two-way ANOVA for plant diversity indices affected by season and gap size
变量 Variables | 变异来源 Source of variation | 自由度 df | F值 F value | p值 p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
丰富度指数 Richness index | 季节 Season | 2 | 29.319 | < 0.001 |
林窗面积 Gap size | 7 | 18.639 | < 0.001 | |
季节×林窗面积 Season × gap size | 14 | 1.449 | 0.168 | |
Simpson生态优势度指数 Simpson ecological dominance index | 季节 Season | 2 | 31.618 | < 0.001 |
林窗面积 Gap size | 7 | 17.339 | < 0.001 | |
季节×林窗面积 Season × gap size | 14 | 5.096 | < 0.001 | |
Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener species diversity index | 季节 Season | 2 | 34.520 | < 0.001 |
林窗面积 Gap size | 7 | 20.457 | < 0.001 | |
季节×林窗面积 Season × gap size | 14 | 3.326 | 0.001 | |
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index | 季节 Season | 2 | 9.227 | < 0.001 |
林窗面积 Gap size | 7 | 8.278 | < 0.001 | |
季节×林窗面积 Season × gap size | 14 | 5.240 | < 0.001 |
图1 马尾松人工林不同季节不同林窗的物种丰富度指数 (平均值±标准误差)。不同大写字母表示季节间差异显著; 不同小写字母表示林窗间差异显著。CK、G1、G2、G3、G4、G5、G6、G7同表1。
Fig. 1 Species richness index of plants in gaps of different sizes and in different seasons in Pinus massoniana plantations (mean ± SE). Different capital letters indicate significant differences between seasons, and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between the forest gaps. CK, G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, and G7 are the same as in Table 1.
图2 马尾松人工林不同季节不同林窗的Simpson生态优势度指数(平均值±标准误差)。不同大写字母表示季节间差异显著;不同小写字母表示林窗间差异显著。CK、G1、G2、G3、G4、G5、G6、G7同表1。
Fig. 2 The Simpson ecological dominance index of plants in gaps of different sizes and in different seasons in Pinus massoniana plantations (mean ± SE). Different capital letters indicate significant differences between seasons, and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between the forest gaps. CK, G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, and G7 are the same as in Table 1.
图3 马尾松人工林不同季节不同林窗的Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数(平均值±标准误差)。不同大写字母表示季节间差异显著;不同小写字母表示林窗间差异显著。CK、G1、G2、G3、G4、G5、G6、G7同表1。
Fig. 3 The Shannon-Wiener species diversity index of plants in gaps of different sizes and in different seasons in Pinus massoniana plantations (mean ± SE). Different capital letters indicate significant differences between seasons, and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between the forest gaps. CK, G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, and G7 are the same as in Table 1.
图4 马尾松人工林不同季节不同林窗的Pielou均匀度指数(平均值±标准误差)。不同大写字母表示季节间差异显著;不同小写字母表示林窗间差异显著。CK、G1、G2、G3、G4、G5、G6、G7同表1。
Fig. 4 The Pielou evenness index of plants in gaps of different sizes and in different seasons in Pinus massoniana plantations (mean ± SE). Different capital letters indicate significant differences between seasons, and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between the forest gaps. CK, G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, and G7 are the same as in Table 1.
丰富度 指数 Richness index | Simpson 生态优势度指数 Simpson ecologi- cal dominance index | Shannon-Wiener 物种多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener species diversity index | Pielou 均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index | 月平均气温 Monthly average air temperature | 月平均湿度 Monthly average humidity | 相对光强 Relative light intensity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
丰富度指数 Richness index | 1 | 0.641** | 0.764** | -0.330* | 0.429** | 0.377* | 0.392** |
Simpson 生态优势度指数 Simpson ecological dominance index | 1 | 0.825** | -0.274* | 0.481** | 0.387** | 0.177 | |
Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener species diversity index | 1 | -0.306** | 0.488** | 0.353** | 0.294* | ||
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index | 1 | -0.138 | -0.288* | -0.234* |
表5 植物多样性指数与环境因子的相关分析
Table 5 Correlation analysis of plant diversity indices and environment factors
丰富度 指数 Richness index | Simpson 生态优势度指数 Simpson ecologi- cal dominance index | Shannon-Wiener 物种多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener species diversity index | Pielou 均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index | 月平均气温 Monthly average air temperature | 月平均湿度 Monthly average humidity | 相对光强 Relative light intensity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
丰富度指数 Richness index | 1 | 0.641** | 0.764** | -0.330* | 0.429** | 0.377* | 0.392** |
Simpson 生态优势度指数 Simpson ecological dominance index | 1 | 0.825** | -0.274* | 0.481** | 0.387** | 0.177 | |
Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener species diversity index | 1 | -0.306** | 0.488** | 0.353** | 0.294* | ||
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index | 1 | -0.138 | -0.288* | -0.234* |
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