中国蔷薇科植物多样性格局及其资源植物保护现状

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0091

植物生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 1-15.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0091

所属专题：生物多样性

• 研究论文 • 下一篇

中国蔷薇科植物多样性格局及其资源植物保护现状

邹东廷¹,王庆刚²,罗奥¹,王志恒^1,^*()

1 北京大学城市与环境学院, 北京大学生态研究中心, 北京大学地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871
2 中国农业大学资源与环境学院, 北京市生物多样性与有机农业重点实验室, 北京 100193

收稿日期:2018-04-18 接受日期:2018-05-29 出版日期:2019-01-20 发布日期:2019-04-25
通讯作者: 王志恒
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划(2017YFA0605101);国家自然科学基金(31522012);国家自然科学基金(31470564);国家自然科学基金(31621091)

Species richness patterns and resource plant conservation assessments of Rosaceae in China

Dong-Ting ZOU¹,Qing-Gang WANG²,Ao LUO¹,Zhi-Heng WANG^1,^*()

1 Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
2 College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming of Beijing City, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Received:2018-04-18 Accepted:2018-05-29 Online:2019-01-20 Published:2019-04-25
Contact: Zhi-Heng WANG
Supported by:
Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2017YFA0605101);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31522012);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31470564);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31621091)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

蔷薇科(Rosaceae)是在中国广泛分布并具有重要经济价值的植物类群, 但蔷薇科资源植物的物种多样性格局及其保护状况尚缺乏较系统的评估。该文旨在: 1)整理中国蔷薇科资源植物名录, 显示其物种多样性格局及热点地区, 并探究这一格局的形成机制。2)评估中国蔷薇科资源植物的保护状况, 为其保护规划提供基础数据。通过广泛收集整理《中国植物志》、省级植物志等资料中关于蔷薇科的记录, 建立了中国蔷薇科物种名录(共914种), 确定了物种的主要经济用途(包括食用植物、园林绿化植物、药用植物和水果种质资源), 并建立了每种植物的高精度分布图。在此基础上, 估算了蔷薇科全部物种及主要资源植物类别的物种多样性格局, 并利用广义线性模型和冗余分析探讨了蔷薇科物种多样性格局与环境的关系。最后将物种分布与中国国家级和省级自然保护区进行叠加分析, 评估了蔷薇科植物的保护现状。结果显示: 1)四川盆地北部、东部和西部山区以及横断山区是中国蔷薇科植物的热点地区。2)蔷薇科植物多样性主要受水分因子影响。3)横断山区、云南东南部和西藏东南部等地是保护薄弱物种集中的区域, 而悬钩子属(Rubus)等类群的保护不足。

关键词: 蔷薇科, 物种多样性, 水分因子, 资源植物, 植物多样性保护, 自然保护区

Abstract:

Aims Rosaceae is a widely-distributed family with numerous economic resource plants in China. However, the species richness pattern and the current conservation status of resource plants remain poorly evaluated. Here we aim to identify the economic resource plants of Rosaceae in China, estimate the species richness patterns for all Rosaceae plants combined and for different resource groups and evaluate the relationships between species richness patterns and environmental variables. We also evaluate the current conservation status of economic resource plants of Rosaceae.
Methods We first made the species list of all 914 Rosaceae species in China and identified the species with different economic usages, including edible, ornamental, medicinal plants and fruit germplasm resources. We then collected high-resolution distribution maps of all Rosaceae species, estimated the species richness patterns by overlapping these maps, and identified the diversity hotspots of different species groups. With high-resolution environmental data, we compared the effects of different environmental variables on the species richness and species composition of all Rosaceae species combined and the four main resource groups using generalized linear models (GLM) and redundancy analysis (RDA). Finally, we evaluated the conservation status of Rosaceae with distribution data overlaid by maps of nature reserves of China in ArcGIS.
Important findings 1) The species richness hotspots of Rosaceae in China are mainly located in the mountain areas in the north, east and west of Sichuan basin as well as Hengduan Mountains. 2) Species richness patterns of Rosaceae are mainly determined by humidity factors. 3) Poorly protected species are mainly in Hengduan Mountains, Southeast Yunnan and Xizang, and concentrated in the genus of Rubus.

Key words: Rosaceae, species richness, humidity, plant resource, plant diversity conservation, natural reserve

邹东廷, 王庆刚, 罗奥, 王志恒. 中国蔷薇科植物多样性格局及其资源植物保护现状. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(1): 1-15. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0091

Dong-Ting ZOU, Qing-Gang WANG, Ao LUO, Zhi-Heng WANG. Species richness patterns and resource plant conservation assessments of Rosaceae in China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2019, 43(1): 1-15. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0091

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0091

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2019/V43/I1/1

图/表 8

表1 蔷薇科内超过15个物种的属及其资源和保护薄弱物种状况

Table 1 Numbers of resources plant species and poorly protected species in genera with ≥15 species in Rosaceae

属名 Genus name	物种总数 Number of species	保护薄弱物种数(比例) Number (proportion) of poorly protected species	食用植物 Edible plants	园林植物 Ornamental plants	药用植物 Medicinal plants	水果种质资源 Fruit germplasm resource	资源物种总数 Total number of resource species	保护薄弱的资源物种总数(比例) Number (proportion) of poorly protected resource species
悬钩子属 Rubus	206	74 (0.359)	27	10	63	171	175	51 (0.291)
蔷薇属 Rosa	94	27 (0.287)	10	53	37	36	57	3 (0.053)
委陵菜属 Potentilla	83	11 (0.133)	4	16	36	0	40	0
绣线菊属 Spiraea	67	13 (0.194)	0	37	23	0	39	3 (0.077)
花楸属 Sorbus	64	13 (0.203)	2	11	17	22	26	0
栒子属 Cotoneaster	61	4 (0.066)	0	20	16	55	58	3 (0.052)
石楠属 Photinia	43	17 (0.395)	0	7	9	1	10	0
樱属 Cerasus	38	0	5	13	15	19	23	0
苹果属 Malus	23	2 (0.087)	7	19	14	20	21	1 (0.048)
山楂属 Crataegus	18	5 (0.278)	6	6	13	15	16	4 (0.250)
绣线梅属 Neillia	15	7 (0.467)	0	6	3	0	6	0

图1 中国蔷薇科物种多样性格局。不同颜色表示各个网格内蔷薇科的物种数。

Fig. 1 Species richness pattern of Rosaceae in China. Colors reflect number of Rosaceae species in each grid cell.

图2 中国蔷薇科各资源类别(食用植物、园林绿化植物、药用植物、水果种质资源)的物种多样性格局及其热点地区。第一列为物种多样性格局, 第二列为热点地区(颜色表示物种丰富度在所有网格中的分位数), 第三列为资源物种占蔷薇科全部物种的比例。

Fig. 2 Species richness patterns and hotspots of the four main resource groups (edible, ornamental, medicinal plants and fruit germplasm resources) of Rosaceae. The left column shows species richness patterns. The central column shows species richness hotspots (different colors represent different quantiles of species richness in each grid cell). The right column shows the ratios of the number of resource species and the number of all species in each grid cell.

图3 中国蔷薇科各资源类别(食用植物、园林绿化植物、药用植物、水果种质资源)物种多样性热点地区叠加图。橙红深浅表示该热点地区资源类别的种数, 详见材料与方法1.5。绿色表示我国国家级和省级自然保护区的分布。

Fig. 3 The overlaid map of species richness hotspots of the four resource groups (edible, ornamental, medicinal plants and fruit germplasm resources) of Rosaceae. The orange and red colors represent the number of resource groups sharing the grid cell as their hotspot (see Materials and Methods 1.5). Green color represents national and provincial natural reserves in China.

表2 蔷薇科全部物种及各资源类别(食用植物、园林绿化植物、药用植物、水果种质资源)物种多样性格局与环境因子的关系

Table 2 Relationships between species richness patterns and environmental variables for all species combined and for the four main resource groups (i.e. edible, ornamental, medicinal plants and fruit germplasm resources) of Rosaceae

环境变量 Environmental variables	总体 All species	食用植物 Edible plants	园林植物 Ornamental plants	药用植物 Medicinal plants	水果资源 Fruit Germplasm Resource
气温 Temperature
MAT	14.4	24.1	15.4	16.6	19.0
MTCQ	21.4	20.5	18.0	18.1	29.2
MTWQ	3.7	20.1	7.7	9.3	3.7
降水 Precipitaion
AP	25.2	27.3	21.6	25.9	27.9
MI	35.0	24.3	28.7	31.1	36.2
AET	23.2	35.3	24.7	28.4	28.0
气候季节性 Climate Seasonality
TSN	-19.3	-5.2	-9.7	-8.2	-30.6
PSN	-11.1	-8.6	-9.8	-12.7	-12.0
生境异质性 Habitat heterogeneity
logELER	21.0	2.4	11.3	10.9	19.4
logMATR	20.1	2.0	10.8	10.2	18.7
logAPR	9.3	2.3	5.6	5.8	7.1
末次盛冰期以来的气候变化 Climate Change since the LGM
anomaly_MAT	-12.7	-7.7	-7.1	-9.0	-17.1
anomaly_AP	-5.5	n.s.	-3.7	-1.8	-6.8
velocity_MAT	-25.3	-10.6	-17.2	-17.4	-30.9
velocity_AP	-11.5	-15.9	-11.9	-10.5	-17.8

表3 蔷薇科物种多样性热点地区的保护状况

Table 3 Conservation status of species diversity hotspots of Rosaceae

热点地区类型 Type of hotspot	网格数 Number of grid cells	被保护区覆盖的网格比例 Proportion of grid cells covered by natural reserves	网格内保护区的平均个数 Mean number of natural reserves in each grid cell	保护区覆盖面积比例 Proportion of area covered by natural reserves	保护区覆盖面积小于10%的网格数量比例 Proportion of grid cells with < 10% of area covered by natural reserve
所有物种 All species	189	0.693	1.47	0.135	0.397
食用植物 Edible plants	165	0.721	1.58	0.102	0.327
园林植物 Ornamental plants	187	0.717	1.52	0.124	0.380
药用植物 Medicinal plants	185	0.735	1.55	0.122	0.373
水果种质资源 Fruit germplasm resource	172	0.727	1.57	0.137	0.424
四类热点 Type IV hotspot	78	0.782	2.01	0.161	0.333
三类热点 Type III hotspot	94	0.691	1.18	0.091	0.426
二类热点 Type II hotspot	25	0.680	1.40	0.116	0.360
单一热点 Type I hotspot	65	0.631	1.11	0.068	0.446

表4 蔷薇科各资源类别(食用植物、园林绿化植物、药用植物、水果种质资源)内保护薄弱物种的数量

Table 4 The number of poorly protected species of the four main resource groups (edible, ornamental, medicinal plants and fruit germplasm resources) of Rosaceae

资源类型 Resource type	物种总数 Total number of species	保护薄弱物种数 Number of poorly protected species	保护薄弱物种占比 Proportion of poorly protected species
食用植物 Edible plants	120	1	0.008
园林植物 Ornamental plants	286	12	0.042
药用植物 Medicinal plants	495	8	0.016
水果种质资源 Fruit germplasm resource	398	61	0.153

图4 蔷薇科内保护薄弱物种的物种多样性格局。保护薄弱物种定义为狭域物种(分布区最小的25%物种)与受保护较弱的物种(分布范围被保护区覆盖的网格数最小的25%)的交集。

Fig. 4 Species richness pattern of poorly protected species in Rosaceae. The definition of poorly protected species is the intersection between narrowly-ranged species (bottom 25% of range sizes) and the species whose distributed grid cells are less protected (bottom 25% numbers of distributed grids covered by natural reserves).

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中国蔷薇科植物多样性格局及其资源植物保护现状

Species richness patterns and resource plant conservation assessments of Rosaceae in China

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