贵州月亮山不同演替阶段亮叶水青冈林碳储量及其分配格局

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0064

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

林龄对森林生态系统碳储量及其在不同碳组分(植被、木质残体、凋落物和土壤)中的分配有着重要影响。亚热带森林在陆地生态系统碳循环中起着重要作用, 水青冈属(Fagus)植物是我国亚热带广泛分布的重要树种, 而有关水青冈林碳储量随林龄变化的研究在我国鲜有报道。该研究选取贵州月亮山3个演替阶段(林龄分别为33年、82年和208年)的亮叶水青冈(Fagus lucida)林为研究对象, 对其生态系统全组分的碳储量及其分配格局进行了调查与估算。研究发现, 随林龄增加, 亮叶水青冈林生态系统碳储量显著增加, 33年、82年和208年林分别为(186.9 ± 46.0)、(265.8 ± 82.3)和(515.1 ± 176.4) Mg·hm ^-2, 且生态系统碳储量的增加主要由植被碳储量(占比由32%增长至79%)贡献。凋落物与木质残体碳储量随林龄增加亦呈增加趋势, 但二者占生态系统碳储量的比例很小(<1%)。而不同林龄土壤碳储量无显著差异, 其占比由33年林的67%降至208年林的20%。这些结果验证了林龄对森林生态系统各组分碳储量及其分配的重要影响, 同时指出干扰和土地利用历史等对森林植物残体和土壤碳积累的重要作用。

关键词: 碳储量, 亮叶水青冈林, 林龄, 植被, 土壤, 凋落物, 木质残体

Abstract:

Aims Stand age plays a vital role in carbon (C) stock and its distribution (vegetation, woody debris, litter and soil) within forest ecosystems. Subtropical forests are pivotal in the C cycling of terrestrial ecosystems. In subtropical China, Fagus trees are widely distributed and of great importance. However, the analyses of C storage in chronosequent Fagus forests have not been well performed.

Methods Nine Fagus lucida forests at three succession stages (33, 82 and 208 year-old) were studied in Mt. Yueliang, Guizhou Province, and their C stocks and distributions within the forests were investigated and estimated.

Important findings Ecosystem C stock increased significantly with increasing stand age, which was (186.9 ± 46.0), (265.8 ± 82.3) and (515.1 ± 176.4) Mg·hm^-2 in the 33, 82 and 208 year-old forests, respectively. The increase in the C stock appeared mainly attributed from increase in vegetation C stocks that accounted for 32%-79% of the total C stock. The woody debris and litter carbon stocks also increased significantly with increasing stand age, but accounted for <1% of the total C stock. While soil C stock showed no significant change with increasing stand age, it decreased its contribution to the total C stock (from 67% to 20%). These results confirmed the importance of stand age on C storage and the dynamic reallocations in the subtropical forests. Results from this study also added additional evidences in understanding the significance of disturbance and land use in C accumulation.

Key words: carbon stock, Fagus lucida forests, stand age, vegetation, soil, litter, woody debris

周序力, 蔡琼, 熊心雨, 方文静, 朱剑霄, 朱江玲, 方精云, 吉成均. 贵州月亮山不同演替阶段亮叶水青冈林碳储量及其分配格局. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(7): 703-712. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0064

ZHOU Xu-Li, CAI Qiong, XIONG Xin-Yu, FANGWen-Jing, ZHU Jian-Xiao, ZHU Jiang-Ling, FANG Jing-Yun, JI Cheng-Jun. Ecosystem carbon stock and within-system distribution in successional Fagus lucida forests in Mt. Yueliang, Guizhou, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2018, 42(7): 703-712. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0064

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2018/V42/I7/703

图/表 6

参考文献 43

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样地编号 Stand No.	33年林 33 a forest			82年林 82 a forest			208年林 208 a forest
样地编号 Stand No.	YLS 1	YLS 2	YLS 3	YLS 4	YLS 5	YLS 6	YLS 7	YLS 8	YLS 9
海拔 Altitude (m)	1 422	1 400	1 405	1 457	1 451	1 439	1 474	1 471	1 469
森林起源 Forest origin	次生林 Secondary forest	次生林 Secondary forest	次生林 Secondary forest	原始林 Primeval forest	原始林 Primeval forest	原始林 Primeval forest	原始林 Primeval forest	原始林 Primeval forest	原始林 Primeval forest
林龄 Stand age (a)	30	36	34	71	84	92	203	215	207
坡向 Aspect	南偏东80度 80° SE	南偏东25度 25° SE	南偏东25度 25° SE	北偏西80度 80° NW	正西 W	北偏西60度 60° NW	南偏东55度 55° SE	正北 N	南偏西70度 70° SW
坡度 Slope (°)	35	45	47	35	16	37	32	36	32
平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)	8.9	9.2	8.9	17.0	17.4	14.6	16.1	19.2	18.9
最大胸径 DBH_max (cm)	25.9	24.5	26.1	42.7	75.8	44.6	90.7	74.5	71.6
平均树高 Mean Height (m)	7.7	7.7	7.5	10.6	13.7	9.9	8.1	11.7	9.9
最大树高 Height_max (m)	12	12	13	16	25	21	17	23	24
总胸高断面积 TBA (m²·hm^-2)	24.7	25.1	27.5	41.4	65.0	52.5	79.0	49.3	63.2
密度 Stand density (No.· hm^-2)	3 200	3 167	3 483	1 500	1 850	2 300	1 800	1 000	1 400
乔木种数 Number of trees	21	19	23	17	19	24	18	21	19
灌木种数 Number of shrubs	48	52	44	49	70	70	47	52	55
草本种数 Number of herbs	27	20	24	22	23	25	15	22	24

样地编号 Stand No.	33年林 33 a forest			82年林 82 a forest			208年林 208 a forest
样地编号 Stand No.	YLS 1	YLS 2	YLS 3	YLS 4	YLS 5	YLS 6	YLS 7	YLS 8	YLS 9
海拔 Altitude (m)	1 422	1 400	1 405	1 457	1 451	1 439	1 474	1 471	1 469
森林起源 Forest origin	次生林 Secondary forest	次生林 Secondary forest	次生林 Secondary forest	原始林 Primeval forest	原始林 Primeval forest	原始林 Primeval forest	原始林 Primeval forest	原始林 Primeval forest	原始林 Primeval forest
林龄 Stand age (a)	30	36	34	71	84	92	203	215	207
坡向 Aspect	南偏东80度 80° SE	南偏东25度 25° SE	南偏东25度 25° SE	北偏西80度 80° NW	正西 W	北偏西60度 60° NW	南偏东55度 55° SE	正北 N	南偏西70度 70° SW
坡度 Slope (°)	35	45	47	35	16	37	32	36	32
平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)	8.9	9.2	8.9	17.0	17.4	14.6	16.1	19.2	18.9
最大胸径 DBH_max (cm)	25.9	24.5	26.1	42.7	75.8	44.6	90.7	74.5	71.6
平均树高 Mean Height (m)	7.7	7.7	7.5	10.6	13.7	9.9	8.1	11.7	9.9
最大树高 Height_max (m)	12	12	13	16	25	21	17	23	24
总胸高断面积 TBA (m²·hm^-2)	24.7	25.1	27.5	41.4	65.0	52.5	79.0	49.3	63.2
密度 Stand density (No.· hm^-2)	3 200	3 167	3 483	1 500	1 850	2 300	1 800	1 000	1 400
乔木种数 Number of trees	21	19	23	17	19	24	18	21	19
灌木种数 Number of shrubs	48	52	44	49	70	70	47	52	55
草本种数 Number of herbs	27	20	24	22	23	25	15	22	24

物种 Species	地上生物量 AGB (kg)	地下生物量 BGB (kg)	本文主要对应树种 Species in this study	参考文献 References
锥属 Castanopsis	AGB = 0.0177(D²H)^1.0168 + 0.0364(D²H)^0.6530 + 0.1533(D²H)^0.2948	BGB = 0.00911(D²H)^0.933951	锥属 Castanopsis	Qiu et al., 1984
水青冈属 Fagus	AGB = 0.0125(D²H)^1.05 + 0.000933(D²H)^1.23 + 0.000294(D²H)^1.20	BGB = 0.00322(D²H)^1.13	亮叶水青冈 Fagus lucida	Wang et al., 2007
樟科 Lauraceae	AGB = 0.055603(D²H)^0.850193 + 0.014757(D²H)^0.808395 + 0.006652(D²H)^1.051841 + 0.059871(D²H)^0.574327	BGB = 0.184736(D²H)^0.616421	木姜子属 Litsea	Yao et al., 2003
枫香 Liquidambar formosana	AGB = 0.174(D²H)^0.7661+ 3 × 10^-8(D²H)²+ 0.001(D²H) + 9.7883 + 0.0002(D²H)^1.2696 + 0.0002D^3.2304 + 3 × 10^-7(D²H)^1.5626	BGB = 0.0094(D²H)^0.9538	枫香树 Liquidambar formosana	Ming et al., 2012
柯属 Lithocarpus	AGB = 0.0347(D²H)^0.9470 + 0.0084(D²H)^0.9112 + 0.0072(D²H)^0.6893	BGB = 0.01534(D²H)^0.95121	柯属 Lithocarpus	Qiu et al., 1984
木兰科 Magnoliaceae	AGB = 0.502921(D²H)^0.56821 + 0.007183(D²H)^0.92191 + 0.02252(D²H)^0.62601	BGB = 0.0364(D²H)^0.79111	木兰属 Magnolia	Qiu et al., 1984
落叶阔叶树 Deciduous broad-leaved trees	AGB = 0.0650(D²H)^0.84 + 1.59(D²H)^0.38 + 0.218(D²H)^0.34	BGB = 0.291(D²H)^0.55	鹅耳枥属 Carpinus, 槭属 Acer	Wang et al., 2007
常绿阔叶树 Evergreen broad-leaved trees	AGB = 0.17686(D²H)^0.75995 + 0.11499(D²H)^0.69997 + 0.107513(D²H)^0.53231	BGB = 0.095827(D²H)^0.7165	青冈属 Cyclobalanopsis, 冬青属 Ilex	Deng et al., 2000
落叶小乔木 Small deciduous trees	AGB = 0.0434(D²H)^0.91 + 0.000902(D²H)^1.31 + 0.000790(D²H)^1.05	BGB = 0.000781(D²H)^1.05	尖叶四照花 Dendrobenthamia angustata, 贵州桤叶树 Clethra kaipoensis	Wang et al., 2007
常绿小乔木 Small evergreen trees	AGB = 0.190(D²H)^0.663 + 0.123(D²H)^1.023 + 0.00728(D²H)^0.548	BGB = 0.0557(D²H)^0.622	川桂 Cinnamomum wilsonii, 杜鹃属 Rhododendron	Wang et al., 2007

物种 Species	地上生物量 AGB (kg)	地下生物量 BGB (kg)	本文主要对应树种 Species in this study	参考文献 References
锥属 Castanopsis	AGB = 0.0177(D²H)^1.0168 + 0.0364(D²H)^0.6530 + 0.1533(D²H)^0.2948	BGB = 0.00911(D²H)^0.933951	锥属 Castanopsis	Qiu et al., 1984
水青冈属 Fagus	AGB = 0.0125(D²H)^1.05 + 0.000933(D²H)^1.23 + 0.000294(D²H)^1.20	BGB = 0.00322(D²H)^1.13	亮叶水青冈 Fagus lucida	Wang et al., 2007
樟科 Lauraceae	AGB = 0.055603(D²H)^0.850193 + 0.014757(D²H)^0.808395 + 0.006652(D²H)^1.051841 + 0.059871(D²H)^0.574327	BGB = 0.184736(D²H)^0.616421	木姜子属 Litsea	Yao et al., 2003
枫香 Liquidambar formosana	AGB = 0.174(D²H)^0.7661+ 3 × 10^-8(D²H)²+ 0.001(D²H) + 9.7883 + 0.0002(D²H)^1.2696 + 0.0002D^3.2304 + 3 × 10^-7(D²H)^1.5626	BGB = 0.0094(D²H)^0.9538	枫香树 Liquidambar formosana	Ming et al., 2012
柯属 Lithocarpus	AGB = 0.0347(D²H)^0.9470 + 0.0084(D²H)^0.9112 + 0.0072(D²H)^0.6893	BGB = 0.01534(D²H)^0.95121	柯属 Lithocarpus	Qiu et al., 1984
木兰科 Magnoliaceae	AGB = 0.502921(D²H)^0.56821 + 0.007183(D²H)^0.92191 + 0.02252(D²H)^0.62601	BGB = 0.0364(D²H)^0.79111	木兰属 Magnolia	Qiu et al., 1984
落叶阔叶树 Deciduous broad-leaved trees	AGB = 0.0650(D²H)^0.84 + 1.59(D²H)^0.38 + 0.218(D²H)^0.34	BGB = 0.291(D²H)^0.55	鹅耳枥属 Carpinus, 槭属 Acer	Wang et al., 2007
常绿阔叶树 Evergreen broad-leaved trees	AGB = 0.17686(D²H)^0.75995 + 0.11499(D²H)^0.69997 + 0.107513(D²H)^0.53231	BGB = 0.095827(D²H)^0.7165	青冈属 Cyclobalanopsis, 冬青属 Ilex	Deng et al., 2000
落叶小乔木 Small deciduous trees	AGB = 0.0434(D²H)^0.91 + 0.000902(D²H)^1.31 + 0.000790(D²H)^1.05	BGB = 0.000781(D²H)^1.05	尖叶四照花 Dendrobenthamia angustata, 贵州桤叶树 Clethra kaipoensis	Wang et al., 2007
常绿小乔木 Small evergreen trees	AGB = 0.190(D²H)^0.663 + 0.123(D²H)^1.023 + 0.00728(D²H)^0.548	BGB = 0.0557(D²H)^0.622	川桂 Cinnamomum wilsonii, 杜鹃属 Rhododendron	Wang et al., 2007