毛白杨叶片膨压变化规律及其对环境因子的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0097

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

明确毛白杨叶片膨压变化规律及其对环境因子的响应, 可以为以叶片膨压作为水分亏缺指标指导灌溉提供理论依据。该研究以滴灌条件下的二年生毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)人工林为研究对象, 对充分灌溉(FI)和控水灌溉(CK)的叶片磁力探针压力输出值(P_p)进行了连续监测, 并同步监测了土壤温度(T_s)、土壤水势(Ψ_s)、液流速率(V_SF)和气象因子, 探讨了不同水分处理下毛白杨叶片膨压变化规律及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明: 1)不同天气条件下的P_p均呈明显的“昼高夜低”变化规律, 且晴天的峰值宽度最大; 2)标准化相对叶片膨压(ΔP_p)与V_SF在不同天气条件下均呈正相关关系, 都可用二项式函数描述, 决定系数(R ²)从大到小依次是: 晴天(R ² = 0.87) >阴天(R ² = 0.72) >雨天(R ² = 0.31); 3)影响P_p变化的环境因子主要是光合有效辐射(PAR)、空气温度(T_a)、空气相对湿度(RH)以及饱和水汽压差(VPD), 其中PAR与P_p协同变化最一致; 4) ΔP_p对不同环境因子均存在时滞效应, 且不同水分处理的时滞圈大小不同; 5)不同水分处理的P_p曲线形状有明显差异。综上所述, 毛白杨叶片膨压变化规律与环境因子关系密切, 且与晴天液流速率存在高度的协同变化, 有作为水分亏缺诊断指标的潜力。

关键词: 叶片膨压, ZIM-探针, 液流速率, 水分胁迫, 毛白杨

Abstract:

Aims In this study, the patterns of variations in leaf turgor pressure and responses to environmental factors were investigated in Populus tomentosa, in order to provide a theoretical basis for guiding irrigation using leaf turgor pressure as a water stress indicator.

Methods The study was conducted in a two-year-old Populus tomentosaplantation under surface drip irrigation. Leaf patch clamp pressure (P_p) was continuously monitored in treatments of full irrigation (FI) and control (CK). Soil temperature (T_s), soil water potential (Ψ_s), sap flow velocity (V_SF) and meteorological factors were monitored simultaneously. The patterns of variations in leaf turgor pressure and relationships between P_p and environmental factors of P. tomentosa under different water treatments were analyzed.

Important findings The P_p values exhibited a clear pattern of “daytime high and nighttime low” with varying weather conditions, and the width of peak signals in P_p was greatest in sunny days. The positive relationships between normalized leaf patch pressure (ΔP_p) and V_SF fitted a polynomial function under different weather conditions, with R² values ranked in the order of sunny days (0.87) > cloudy days (0.72) > rainy days (0.31). Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air temperature (T_a), relative air humidity (RH), and vapor pressure deficiency (VPD) were predominant environmental factors affecting P_p, especially PAR. Hysteresis was found between ΔP_p and different environmental factors, and the size of the hysteresis loop differed between the two irrigation treatments. There were significant differences in the shapes of P_p curves between the irrigation treatments. In conclusion, the variations of leaf turgor pressure were closely related to environmental factors in P. tomentosa, and there was a high degree of synergistic change with the sap flow on sunny days. Therefore, leaf turgor pressure can potentially serve as a diagnostic indicator of water deficit.

Key words: leaf turgor pressure, ZIM-probe, sap flow velocity, water stress, Populus tomentosa

李豆豆, 席本野, 王斐, 贾素苹, 赵洪林, 贺曰林, 刘洋, 贾黎明. 毛白杨叶片膨压变化规律及其对环境因子的响应. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(7): 741-751. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0097

LI Dou-Dou, XI Ben-Ye, WANG Fei, JIA Su-Ping, ZHAO Hong-Lin, HE Yue-Lin, LIU Yang, JIA Li-Ming. Patterns of variations in leaf turgor pressure and responses to environmental factors in Populus tomentosa. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2018, 42(7): 741-751. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0097

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0097

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2018/V42/I7/741

图/表 9

表1 试验地土壤基本物理和化学性质

Table 1 Basic physical and chemical characteristics of the soil at the experimental site

土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	颗粒组成 Particle size distribution (%)			质地¹⁾Texture¹⁾	容重 Bulk density (g?cm^-3)	田间持水量 Field water- holding capacity (cm³·cm^-3)	饱和含水量 Saturated water content (cm³·cm^-3)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg^-1)
土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	砂粒 Sand	粉粒 Silt	黏粒 Clay	质地¹⁾Texture¹⁾	容重 Bulk density (g?cm^-3)	田间持水量 Field water- holding capacity (cm³·cm^-3)	饱和含水量 Saturated water content (cm³·cm^-3)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg^-1)
0-50	61.79	35.52	2.70	砂壤土 Sandy loam	1.41	0.34	0.44	4.7	7.26	44.42
50-140	63.92	33.69	2.39	砂壤土 Sandy loam	1.43	0.36	0.45	2.3	0.97	27.85
140-300	29.62	65.54	4.84	粉壤土 Silt loam	1.46	0.35	0.44	2.6	1.63	41.98

图1 ZIM-探针构造和工作原理图。Pc, 植物叶片膨压; Pclamp, 两个磁体施加于植物叶片上的压力; Pp, Pc和Pclamp二者的压力差。

Fig. 1 Diagram of ZIM-probe structure and working principle. Pc, the turgor in the leaf patch; Pclamp, the pressure by the magnets on the leaf patch; Pp , the pressure of difference between Pc and Pclamp.

图2 充分灌溉(FI)和控水灌溉(CK)处理滴头正下方20 cm深处土壤水势动态变化。

Fig. 2 Variations of soil water potential at 20 cm depth and 0 cm distance from a dripper in treatments of full irrigation (FI) and control (CK).

图3 相对叶片膨压(Pp)与环境因子的日变化。I-1, 2, 3和II-1, 2, 3分别代表充分灌溉(FI)处理第一和第二株样树上的各3个ZIM-探针。

Fig. 3 Diurnal changes of leaf patch clamp pressure (Pp) and environmental factors. I-1, 2, 3 and II-1, 2, 3 represent 3 ZIM-probes on leaves of the 1st and 2nd sample trees in the full irrigation (FI) treatment, respectively.

图4 不同天气条件充分灌溉处理下相对叶片膨压(Pp)与液流速率(VSF)的关系。

Fig. 4 Diurnal changes in leaf patch clamp pressure (Pp) and sap flow velocity (VSF) under different weather conditions in the full irrigation (FI) treatment.

图5 标准化相对叶片膨压(ΔPp)与环境因子的相关性分析。充分灌溉处理6月1-12号每小时的平均ΔPp。

Fig. 5 Correlation analysis between normalized leaf patch clamp pressure (ΔPp) and environmental factors. Hourly average ΔPp from June 1st to 12th in the full irrigation (FI) treatment.

表2 日均标准化相对叶片膨压(ΔPp)与环境因子相关性分析表

Table 2 Correlation analysis between daily normalized leaf patch clamp pressure (ΔPp) and environmental factors

环境因子 Environmental factors	光合有效辐射 Photosynthetically active radiation	空气温度 Air temperature	风速 Wind speed	空气相对湿度 Relative air humidity	饱和水气压差 Vapor pressure deficiency	土壤温度 Soil temperature
相关系数 Correlation coefficient	-0.080	0.066	0.313	-0.332	0.236	0.287
显著性水平 Sig.	0.804	0.838	0.321	0.291	0.461	0.365

图6 不同水分处理下相对叶片膨压(Pp)曲线的变化特征。图中红色箭头表示当天充分灌溉(FI)处理灌溉, 灰色柱形表示黑夜(18:00-6:00), 红色矩形选中的为两处理峰值差异明显的6月10-12日。

Fig. 6 Variations in leaf patch clamp pressure (Pp) curves under different water treatments. The red arrow shows irrigation in the full irrigation (FI) treatment; nocturnal hours (18:00-6:00) are marked by grey columns, and the period of June 10th-12th is marked by red rectangle when significant difference of Pp peaks occurs between the full irrigation (FI) and control (CK) treatments.

图7 标准化相对叶片膨压(ΔPp)与环境因子时滞效应。充分灌溉和对照处理6月1-12号每小时的平均ΔPp。

Fig. 7 Hysteresis between normalized leaf patch clamp pressure (ΔPp) and environmental factors. Hourly average ΔPp from June 1st to 12th in full irrigation (FI) and control (CK) treatments, respectively.

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