毛白杨根系液流与水力再分配特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0492

植物生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 123-133.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0492

所属专题：根系生态学

毛白杨根系液流与水力再分配特征

刘洋¹, 马煦², 邸楠³, 曾子航⁴, 付海曼⁵, 李新⁶, 席本野¹^,^**()

¹北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083
²中国林学会, 北京 100091
³内蒙古大学生态与环境学院, 呼和浩特 010021
⁴北京林业大学园林学院, 北京 100083
⁵国家林业和草原局林产工业规划设计院, 北京 100010
⁶北京时域通科技有限公司, 北京 100193

收稿日期:2021-12-27 接受日期:2022-02-17 出版日期:2023-01-20 发布日期:2022-04-11
通讯作者: **席本野,ORCID:0000-0003-4730-6384(benyexi@bjfu.edu.cn)
作者简介:*同等贡献
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31872702);国家自然科学基金(32171763);国家自然科学基金(32001304)

Root sap flow and hydraulic redistribution of Populus tomentosa

LIU Yang¹, MA Xu², DI Nan³, ZENG Zi-Hang⁴, FU Hai-Man⁵, LI Xin⁶, XI Ben-Ye¹^,^**()

¹Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
²Chinese Society of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
³School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
⁴School of Landscape and Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
⁵Planning and Design Institute of Forest Products Industry, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100010, China
⁶Sinton Technology Ltd., Beijing 100193, China

Received:2021-12-27 Accepted:2022-02-17 Online:2023-01-20 Published:2022-04-11
Contact: **XI Ben-Ye,ORCID:0000-0003-4730-6384(benyexi@bjfu.edu.cn)
About author:*Contributed equally to this work
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872702);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171763);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001304)

1. 附录毛白杨根系液流对环境因子的响应.pdf(616KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为确定毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)根系是否存在水力再分配现象, 并探究其发生特征与影响因子, 该研究以四年生毛白杨为研究对象, 利用热比率法对3株样树的共计7条侧根(R1-R7)进行长期液流监测, 并对土壤水分以及气象因子进行同步测定。结果显示: 毛白杨存在两种水力再分配模式, 分别为干旱驱动的水力提升和降雨驱动的水力下降, 水力再分配的发生模式与特征受侧根分布深度与直径大小的影响。在整个生长季尺度上, 毛白杨根系再分配的水量较低; 但在极端干旱条件下, 部分侧根再分配的水量可达其日总液流量的64.6%, 表明水力再分配会为干旱侧根提供大量水分。根系吸水与气象-土壤的耦合因子(太阳辐射(R_s) ×土壤含水率(SWC)、水汽压亏缺(VPD) × SWC、参考蒸散发(ET_o) × SWC)间存在显著相关关系, 但水力再分配与所选因子基本不相关。此外, 毛白杨浅层根中存在特殊的日间逆向液流现象, 其液流量最高可占日液流总量的79.2% (R1)到90.7% (R2), 该现象可能对浅层根系抗旱起到重要作用。

关键词: 毛白杨, 根系液流, 水力再分配, 水力提升

Abstract:

Aims To determine whether there is hydraulic redistribution in the root system of Populus tomentosa, and to explore its characteristics and influencing factors.
Methods The heat ratio method was used to monitor the long-term sap flow of 7 lateral roots (R1-R7) of four-year P. tomentosa trees, and the soil moisture and meteorological factors were measured simultaneously.
Important findings This study showed two patterns of hydraulic redistribution of P. tomentosa, namely, drought-induced hydraulic lift and rainfall-induced hydraulic descent. The occurrence and characteristic of hydraulic redistribution were affected by the distribution depth and diameter size of the lateral roots. In general, the magnitude of hydraulic redistribution was relatively low. In the growing season, the amount of water redistributed by P. tomentosa roots was low; however, under extreme drought conditions, the amount of water redistributed by the lateral roots could reach 64.6% of its total daily sap flow, indicating that hydraulic redistribution would provide plenty of water for dry lateral roots. This study showed that the root water uptake was significantly related to the meteorology-soil coupling factors (solar radiation (R_s) × soil water content (SWC), vapor pressure deficit (VPD) × SWC, reference evapotranspiration (ET_o) × SWC), but not to the hydraulic redistribution. In addition, this study found a unique daytime reverse sap flow occurred in shallow lateral roots. The reverse sap flow could account for up to 79.2% (R1) and 90.7% (R2) of the total daily sap flow, which could play an essential role in the drought resistance of shallow roots.

Key words: Populus tomentosa, root sap flow, hydraulic redistribution, hydraulic lift

刘洋, 马煦, 邸楠, 曾子航, 付海曼, 李新, 席本野. 毛白杨根系液流与水力再分配特征. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(1): 123-133. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0492

LIU Yang, MA Xu, DI Nan, ZENG Zi-Hang, FU Hai-Man, LI Xin, XI Ben-Ye. Root sap flow and hydraulic redistribution of Populus tomentosa. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(1): 123-133. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0492

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0492

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I1/123

图/表 9

图1 典型水力再分配的模式图。A, 水力提升, 干旱时期深层土壤水分向浅层土壤运移。B, 水力下降, 雨后浅层土壤水分向深层土壤运移。C, 横向水力再分配, 土壤不均匀湿润后水分从潮湿土壤向干燥土壤运移。

Fig. 1 Schematic diagrams of the typical hydraulic redistribution. A, Hydraulic lift, water moves from the deep to the shallow layer during drought. B, Hydraulic descent, water moves from the shallow to the deep layer after raining. C, Horizontal hydraulic redistribution, water moves from wet to dry soil after soil uneven wetting.

表1 毛白杨液流监测根系信息

Table 1 Information of the roots for measuring sap flow of Populus tomentosa

侧根编号 Lateral root number	直径 Diameter (cm)	平均分布深度 Average distribution depth (m)	最大分布深度 Maximum distribution depth (m)
R1	4.13	8.7	11.5
R2	2.89	11.3	13.2
R3	4.54	12.5	21.1
R4	3.26	21.6	42.6
R5	4.86	>44.6	>70.0
R6	3.73	9.0	20.7
R7	4.80	10.6	19.1

图2 干旱过程中毛白杨根系液流速率与环境因子的动态变化。B-E中, 灰色阴影代表液流速率(Vs) <0, 即为逆向液流。F中, SWC0.1 m、SWC0.5 m、SWC2.0 m分别为0.1、0.5和2.0 m深度的土壤含水率(SWC); 灰色柱子代表降雨量。Rs, 太阳辐射; VPD, 水汽压亏缺; R1-R5, 不同编号的侧根。

Fig. 2 Changing dynamics of roots sap flow velocity of Populus tomentosa and meteorological factors during drought process. In B-E, the gray shade indicates the sap flow velocity (Vs) <0, that is, the reverse sap flow. In F, SWC0.1 m, SWC0.5 m and SWC2.0 m are the soil water content (SWC) at 0.1, 0.5 and 2.0 m depths; the gray bars represent rainfall. Rs, solar radiation; VPD, vapor pressure deficit; R1-R5, the lateral roots of different numbers.

图3 雨后毛白杨根系液流速率与环境因子的动态变化。B-E中灰色阴影代表液流速率(Vs) <0, 即为逆向液流。F中, SWC0.1 m、SWC0.5 m、SWC2.0 m分别为0.1、0.5和2.0 m深度的土壤含水率(SWC); 灰色柱子代表降雨量。Rs, 太阳辐射; VPD, 水汽压亏缺; R1-R5, 不同编号的侧根。

Fig. 3 Changing dynamics of roots sap flow of Populus tomentosa and meteorological factors after rainfall. In B-E, the gray shade indicates the sap flow velocity (Vs) < 0, that is, the reverse sap flow. In F, SWC0.1 m, SWC0.5 m and SWC2.0 m are the soil water content (SWC) at 0.1, 0.5 and 2.0 m depths; the gray bars represent rainfall. Rs, solar radiation; VPD, vapor pressure deficit; R1-R5, the lateral roots of different numbers.

图4 毛白杨日间逆向液流速率与环境因子的动态变化。B和C中灰色阴影代表液流速率(Vs) <0, 即为逆向液流。D中, SWC0.1 m、SWC0.5 m、SWC2.0 m分别为0.1、0.5和2.0 m深度的土壤含水率(SWC); 灰色柱子代表降雨量。Rs, 太阳辐射; VPD, 水汽压亏缺; R1-R2, 不同编号的侧根。

Fig. 4 Changing dynamics of daytime reverse sap flow of Populus tomentosa and meteorological factors. In B and C, The gray shade indicates the sap flow velocity (Vs) < 0, that is, the reverse sap flow. In D, SWC0.1 m, SWC0.5 m and SWC2.0 m are the soil water content (SWC) at 0.1, 0.5 and 2.0 m depths; the gray bars represent rainfall. Rs, solar radiation; VPD, vapor pressure deficit; R1-R2, the lateral roots of different numbers.

图5 华北平原毛白杨人工林环境因子的季节变化。SWC0.1 m、SWC0.5 m、SWC2.0 m分别为0.1、0.5和2.0 m深度的土壤含水率。

Fig. 5 Seasonal dynamics of meteorological factors of Populus tomentosa plantation in the North China Plain. SWC0.1 m, SWC0.5 m and SWC2.0 m are the soil water content (SWC) at 0.1, 0.5 and 2.0 m depths.

图6 毛白杨根系每日液流量(Q)的季节变化。R1-R7, 不同编号的侧根。

Fig. 6 Seasonal dynamics of daily sap flow (Q) of Populus tomentosa roots. R1-R7, the lateral roots of different numbers.

表2 毛白杨水力再分配(HR)发生类型及其所占比

Table 2 Types and proportions of hydraulic redistribution (HR) and their proportions of Populus tomentosa

侧根编号 Lateral root number	干旱驱动的HR Drought induced HR		降雨驱动的HR Rainfall induced HR		总R_HRTotal R_HR (%)
侧根编号 Lateral root number	时间 Time (d)	最高日R_HR Max daily R_HR (%)	时间 Time (d)	最高日R_HR Max daily R_HR (%)	总R_HRTotal R_HR (%)
R1	26	50.8	0	0.0	1.2
R2	46	64.6	0	0.0	3.5
R3	18	6.7	7	3.1	0.4
R4	16	4.9	7	12.3	0.6
R5	16	1.8	3	0.6	0.1
R6	15	2.0	11	4.7	0.3
R7	21	4.4	8	5.8	0.4

图7 毛白杨根系液流对环境因子的响应。A-C, R2液流量(Q)与太阳辐射(Rs)、水汽压亏缺(VPD)、参考蒸散发(ETo)和土壤含水率(SWC)乘积的关系。D-F, R4的Q与Rs、VPD、ETo和SWC乘积的关系。红色圆点代表正向液流量(QP), 蓝色圆点形代表逆向液流量(QR); 红色和蓝色直线分别是QP和QR对环境因子的线性拟合, 其中, 实线代表显著相关(p < 0.05), 而虚线代表不相关(p > 0.05)。R2和R4为侧根编号, 见表1。

Fig. 7 Response of root sap flow of Populus tomentosa to meteorological factors. A-C, the relation between R2 sap flow (Q) and the product of solar radiation (Rs), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and soil water content (SWC). D-F, the relation between Q of R4 and the product of Rs, VPD, ETo with SWC. The red points represent the positive sap flow (QP), and the blue points represent the reverse sap flow (QR); the red and blue lines are the linear fitting of QP and QR to environmental factors, where the solid lines represent the significant correlation (p < 0.05) and the dashed lines represent the uncorrelated (p > 0.05). R2 and R4 are lateral root number, see datails in Table 1.

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毛白杨根系液流与水力再分配特征

Root sap flow and hydraulic redistribution of Populus tomentosa

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