毛白杨杂种无性系叶片δ13C差异与气体交换参数

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.02.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在苗木生长的不同时期对13个毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)杂种无性系叶片碳同位素δ¹³C和气体交换参数(净光合速率P_n、蒸腾速率T_r、瞬时水分利用效率WUE_i、气孔导度G_s和胞间CO₂浓度C_i)的差异进行研究, 分析不同无性系间δ¹³C与气体交换参数的相互关系, 目的在于探求δ¹³C在筛选高光合及高水分利用效率毛白杨杂种无性系中的应用价值。结果表明: 不同生长时期和不同无性系间δ¹³C、T_r、WUE_i、G_s和C_i的差异均显著, δ¹³C和WUE_i表现为9月>7月, T_r、G_s和C_i表现为7月>9月, P_n在不同生长时期差异不显著。季节变化是引起毛白杨杂种无性系叶片δ¹³C差异的主要原因。同一时期, 无性系间δ¹³C和WUE_i表现出较好的一致性, 即WUE_i较高的无性系30、42、46、83、BL2和BL5, 其δ¹³C值也较高, WUE_i较低的无性系B331和TG34, 其δ¹³C值也较低, 且不同时期(7月和9月) δ¹³C和WUE_i呈较强的正相关, 相关系数r分别为0.739 0和0.545 8, 高δ¹³C可以作为筛选高WUE_i毛白杨的有效指标, 且在苗木生长旺盛时期选育能得到更为可靠的结果。对毛白杨而言, 高WUE_i的无性系, 一般具有适中或较低的G_s和C_i, 但不一定具有很高的P_n, 气孔调节使得毛白杨在不影响光合作用的同时保持较高的WUE。

关键词: δ¹³C, 无性系, 气体交换参数, 毛白杨, 水分利用效率

Abstract:

Aims Fast, efficient breeding of fast-growth and high water use efficiency (WUE) in Populus tomentosa clones is a pressing need for afforestation in arid and semi-arid regions. There is much research on the correlation between stable carbon isotope and WUE in crops and a few trees, but little in different clones of P. tomentosa. Our objective was to explore the application of δ¹³C on selection of clones with high photosynthesis and WUE.

Methods We examined 13 clones of Populus-grafted seedlings in Beijing Forestry University (39°46′ N, 116°19′ E) Nursery in Beijing, China. We studied leaf δ¹³C of the seedlings by MAT-251-MS in two different growth periods (mid-July and September) and gas exchange parameters (net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE_i), stomatal conductance (G_s) and intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i)) by LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system between 9:30 and 11:30 a.m. in the same periods.

Important findings Leaf δ¹³C, T_r, WUE_i, G_s and C_i significantly differed between the periods and among clones. Leaf δ¹³C and WUE_i were higher in July than September; however, T_r, G_s and C_i were lower in July than September and P_n showed no significant difference between periods. The main reason for the difference of leaf δ¹³C was seasonal variation. Leaf δ¹³C and WUE_i of the clones were consistent during the same period, i.e, the higher WUE_i appeared in clones of 30, 42, 46, 83, BL2 and BL5 with higher δ¹³C and the lower WUE_i occurred in clones of B331 and TG34 with lower δ¹³C. There was strong positive correlation between δ¹³C and WUE_i (r = 0.739 0 and 0.545 8 in July and September, respectively); therefore, high δ¹³C can be used as an effective indicator of high WUE_i in Populus. Clones with higher WUE_i may have moderate or low G_s and C_i, but not necessarily high P_n.

Key words: δ¹³C, clones, gas exchange parameters, Populus tomentosa, water use efficiency

何茜, 李吉跃, 沈应柏, 陈晓阳, 尚富华, 胡磊, 张志毅. 毛白杨杂种无性系叶片δ¹³C差异与气体交换参数. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(2): 144-150. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.02.005

HE Qian, LI Ji-Yue, SHEN Ying-Bai, CHEN Xiao-Yang, SHANG Fu-Hua, HU Lei, ZHANG Zhi-Yi. Difference in δ¹³C and gas exchange parameters among Populus tomentosa clones. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(2): 144-150. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.02.005

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图/表 7

参考文献 24

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差异源 Source of variance	平方和 SS	自由度 df	均方 MS	F值 F value
时期 Period	22.13	1.00	22.13	324.63^**
无性系 Clone	26.08	12.00	2.17	31.88^**
交互 Interaction	9.14	12.00	0.76	11.18
误差 Random error	3.55	52.00	0.07
总计 Total	60.90	77.00

差异源 Source of variance	平方和 SS	自由度 df	均方 MS	F值 F value
时期 Period	22.13	1.00	22.13	324.63^**
无性系 Clone	26.08	12.00	2.17	31.88^**
交互 Interaction	9.14	12.00	0.76	11.18
误差 Random error	3.55	52.00	0.07
总计 Total	60.90	77.00

时期 Period	无性系 Clone	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate (P_n) (μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1)	蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate (T_r) (mmol·m^-2·s^-1g H₂O·g^-1DW)	瞬时水分利用效率 Instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE_i) (μmolCO₂·mmolH₂O^-1)	气孔导度 Stomatal conductance (G_s) (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)	胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) (mmol·mol^-1)
7月 July	20	13.6 ± 1.1^c	4.15 ± 0.05^ab	3.17 ± 0.26^ab	0.32 ± 0.01	298 ± 8^bc
	26	13.4 ± 0.9^c	4.34 ± 0.12^ab	3.09 ± 0.13^ab	0.37 ± 0.02^ab	312 ± 3^b
	28	11.7 ± 0.8^c	4.35 ± 0.23^ab	2.69 ± 0.20^b	0.32 ± 0.03^ab	312 ± 7^b
	30	16.3 ± 1.5^bc	4.81 ± 0.13^a	3.38 ± 0.22^ab	0.40 ± 0.02^a	298 ± 6^bc
	42	11.1 ± 1.0^ab	3.28 ± 0.40^b	3.37 ± 0.26^ab	0.23 ± 0.04^b	289 ± 12^c
	46	11.3 ± 0.3^a	3.12 ± 0.70^ab	3.61 ± 0.97^a	0.22 ± 0.06^b	271 ± 35^c
	83	13.7 ± 0.7^abc	3.90 ± 0.10^ab	3.50 ± 0.22^a	0.28 ± 0.01^ab	300 ± 6^b
	1316	12.3 ± 0.8^c	4.29 ± 0.21^ab	2.86 ± 0.08^b	0.32 ± 0.03^ab	292 ± 2^c
	B331	9.0 ± 0.2^c	3.48 ± 0.13^ab	2.61 ± 0.06^b	0.26 ± 0.02^ab	324 ± 3^ab
	BL2	12.9 ± 1.3^bc	4.22 ± 0.22^ab	3.04 ± 0.16^ab	0.31 ± 0.03^ab	298 ± 2^bc
	BL5	12.8 ± 0.7^bc	4.00 ± 0.45^ab	3.28 ± 0.28^ab	0.30 ± 0.05^ab	297 ± 11^bc
	BT17	13.9 ± 0.6^c	4.41 ± 0.17^ab	3.05 ± 0.32^ab	0.32 ± 0.02^ab	303 ± 9^bc
	TG34	10.7 ± 0.8^c	3.92 ± 0.22^ab	2.73 ± 0.12^b	0.29 ± 0.03^ab	328 ± 3^a
	平均值 Mean	12.5	4.02	3.11	0.30	302
9月 September	20	13.4 ± 0.57^a	4.09 ± 0.06^a	3.17 ± 0.11^ab	0.25 ± 0.02^ab	253 ± 7^ab
	26	10.8 ± 1.36^ab	2.99 ± 0.43^bc	3.59 ± 0.37^ab	0.21 ± 0.04^ab	228 ± 15^b
	28	13.3 ± 2.38^a	4.05 ± 0.44^a	3.41 ± 0.96^ab	0.26 ± 0.01^a	252 ± 23^ab
	30	12.6 ± 1.00^a	3.54 ± 0.10^ab	3.56 ± 0.01^ab	0.19 ± 0.01^ab	229 ± 10^b
	42	12.3 ± 2.14^a	3.19 ± 0.25^ab	3.86 ± 0.41^ab	0.21 ± 0.01^ab	246 ± 17^ab
	46	11.4 ± 1.53^ab	3.08 ± 0.28^ab	3.71 ± 0.24^ab	0.18 ± 0.03^ab	246 ± 19^ab
	83	12.5 ± 0.70^a	3.17 ± 0.07^bc	4.06 ± 0.25^a	0.17 ± 0.07^ab	218 ± 13^b
	1316	13.6 ± 1.96^a	3.83 ± 0.41^ab	3.54 ± 0.17^ab	0.24 ± 0.04^a	258 ± 9^ab
	B331	8.3 ± 3.58^b	2.91 ± 0.26^ab	2.83 ± 0.68^ab	0.18 ± 0.05^ab	267 ± 17^a
	BL2	11.9 ± 0.79^ab	2.89 ± 0.17^bc	4.11 ± 0.18^a	0.16 ± 0.02^b	250 ± 6^ab
	BL5	11.1 ± 0.19^ab	2.88 ± 0.27^bc	3.91 ± 0.35^ab	0.15 ± 0.04^ab	241 ± 11^ab
	BT17	12.0 ± 1.34^ab	3.27 ± 0.38^bc	3.54 ± 0.73^ab	0.19 ± 0.02^ab	265 ± 25^a
	TG34	8.2 ± 1.03^b	2.97 ± 0.14^c	2.73 ± 0.30^b	0.23 ± 0.02^ab	260 ± 5^a
	平均值 Mean	11.7	3.30	3.56	0.20	2.48

时期 Period	无性系 Clone	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate (P_n) (μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1)	蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate (T_r) (mmol·m^-2·s^-1g H₂O·g^-1DW)	瞬时水分利用效率 Instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE_i) (μmolCO₂·mmolH₂O^-1)	气孔导度 Stomatal conductance (G_s) (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)	胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) (mmol·mol^-1)
7月 July	20	13.6 ± 1.1^c	4.15 ± 0.05^ab	3.17 ± 0.26^ab	0.32 ± 0.01	298 ± 8^bc
	26	13.4 ± 0.9^c	4.34 ± 0.12^ab	3.09 ± 0.13^ab	0.37 ± 0.02^ab	312 ± 3^b
	28	11.7 ± 0.8^c	4.35 ± 0.23^ab	2.69 ± 0.20^b	0.32 ± 0.03^ab	312 ± 7^b
	30	16.3 ± 1.5^bc	4.81 ± 0.13^a	3.38 ± 0.22^ab	0.40 ± 0.02^a	298 ± 6^bc
	42	11.1 ± 1.0^ab	3.28 ± 0.40^b	3.37 ± 0.26^ab	0.23 ± 0.04^b	289 ± 12^c
	46	11.3 ± 0.3^a	3.12 ± 0.70^ab	3.61 ± 0.97^a	0.22 ± 0.06^b	271 ± 35^c
	83	13.7 ± 0.7^abc	3.90 ± 0.10^ab	3.50 ± 0.22^a	0.28 ± 0.01^ab	300 ± 6^b
	1316	12.3 ± 0.8^c	4.29 ± 0.21^ab	2.86 ± 0.08^b	0.32 ± 0.03^ab	292 ± 2^c
	B331	9.0 ± 0.2^c	3.48 ± 0.13^ab	2.61 ± 0.06^b	0.26 ± 0.02^ab	324 ± 3^ab
	BL2	12.9 ± 1.3^bc	4.22 ± 0.22^ab	3.04 ± 0.16^ab	0.31 ± 0.03^ab	298 ± 2^bc
	BL5	12.8 ± 0.7^bc	4.00 ± 0.45^ab	3.28 ± 0.28^ab	0.30 ± 0.05^ab	297 ± 11^bc
	BT17	13.9 ± 0.6^c	4.41 ± 0.17^ab	3.05 ± 0.32^ab	0.32 ± 0.02^ab	303 ± 9^bc
	TG34	10.7 ± 0.8^c	3.92 ± 0.22^ab	2.73 ± 0.12^b	0.29 ± 0.03^ab	328 ± 3^a
	平均值 Mean	12.5	4.02	3.11	0.30	302
9月 September	20	13.4 ± 0.57^a	4.09 ± 0.06^a	3.17 ± 0.11^ab	0.25 ± 0.02^ab	253 ± 7^ab
	26	10.8 ± 1.36^ab	2.99 ± 0.43^bc	3.59 ± 0.37^ab	0.21 ± 0.04^ab	228 ± 15^b
	28	13.3 ± 2.38^a	4.05 ± 0.44^a	3.41 ± 0.96^ab	0.26 ± 0.01^a	252 ± 23^ab
	30	12.6 ± 1.00^a	3.54 ± 0.10^ab	3.56 ± 0.01^ab	0.19 ± 0.01^ab	229 ± 10^b
	42	12.3 ± 2.14^a	3.19 ± 0.25^ab	3.86 ± 0.41^ab	0.21 ± 0.01^ab	246 ± 17^ab
	46	11.4 ± 1.53^ab	3.08 ± 0.28^ab	3.71 ± 0.24^ab	0.18 ± 0.03^ab	246 ± 19^ab
	83	12.5 ± 0.70^a	3.17 ± 0.07^bc	4.06 ± 0.25^a	0.17 ± 0.07^ab	218 ± 13^b
	1316	13.6 ± 1.96^a	3.83 ± 0.41^ab	3.54 ± 0.17^ab	0.24 ± 0.04^a	258 ± 9^ab
	B331	8.3 ± 3.58^b	2.91 ± 0.26^ab	2.83 ± 0.68^ab	0.18 ± 0.05^ab	267 ± 17^a
	BL2	11.9 ± 0.79^ab	2.89 ± 0.17^bc	4.11 ± 0.18^a	0.16 ± 0.02^b	250 ± 6^ab
	BL5	11.1 ± 0.19^ab	2.88 ± 0.27^bc	3.91 ± 0.35^ab	0.15 ± 0.04^ab	241 ± 11^ab
	BT17	12.0 ± 1.34^ab	3.27 ± 0.38^bc	3.54 ± 0.73^ab	0.19 ± 0.02^ab	265 ± 25^a
	TG34	8.2 ± 1.03^b	2.97 ± 0.14^c	2.73 ± 0.30^b	0.23 ± 0.02^ab	260 ± 5^a
	平均值 Mean	11.7	3.30	3.56	0.20	2.48

气体交换参数 Gas exchange parameter	差异源 Source of variance	平方和 SS	自由度 df	均方 MS	F值 F value
净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate (P_n)	时期 Period	0.53	1	0.53	0.13
	无性系 Clones	250.68	12	20.89	5.25^**
	时期×无性系 Period × Clone	104.84	12	8.74	2.19
	机误 Random error	207.07	52	3.98
	总计 Total	563.11	77
蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate (T_r)	时期 Period	9.02	1	9.02	37.86^**
	无性系 Clone	13.83	12	1.15	4.84^**
	时期×无性系 Period × Clone	10.53	12	0.88	3.68
	机误Random error	12.39	52	0.24
	总计 Total	45.77	77
瞬时水分利用效率 Instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE_i)	时期 Period	2.80	1	2.80	7.62^**
	无性系 Clone	11.04	12	0.92	2.50^*
	时期×无性系 Period × Clone	7.57	12	0.63	1.72
	机误 Random error	19.10	52	0.37
	总计 Total	40.51	77
气孔导度 Stomatal conductance (G_s)	时期 Period	0.32	1	0.32	102.31^**
	无性系 Clone	0.13	12	0.01	3.50^**
	时期×无性系 Period × Clone	0.09	12	0.01	2.46
	机误 Random error	0.16	52	0.00
	总计 Total	0.70	77
胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i)	时期 Period	64 538.98	1	64 538.98	134.51^**
	无性系 Clone	13 726.95	12	1 143.91	2.38^*
	时期×无性系 Period × Clone	8 621.93	12	718.49	1.50
	机误 Random error	24 949.33	52	479.79
	总计 Total	111 837.19	77

毛白杨杂种无性系叶片δ¹³C差异与气体交换参数

Difference in δ¹³C and gas exchange parameters among Populus tomentosa clones

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时期 Period	参数 Parameter	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate (P_n)	蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate (T_r)	瞬时水分利用效率 Instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE_i)	气孔导度 Stomatal conductance (G_s)	胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i)
7月 July	P_n	1.00	0.74	0.48	0.75	-0.28
	T_r		1.00	-0.23	0.96	0.26
	WUE_i			1.00	-0.16	-0.78
	G_s				1.00	0.27
	C_i					1.00
9月 September	P_n	1.00	0.72	0.57	0.29	-0.28
	T_r		1.00	-0.15	0.76	0.11
	WUE_i			1.00	-0.49	-0.57
	G_s				1.00	0.30
	C_i					1.00

	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate (P_n)	蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate (T_r)	瞬时水分利用效率 Instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE_i)	气孔导度 Stomatal conductance (G_s)	胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i)
7月 July	-0.10	-0.62	0.73	-0.58	-0.69
9月 September	0.30	-0.10	0.54	-0.48	-0.62

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[2]	李伟斌, 张红霞, 张玉书, 陈妮娜. 昼夜不对称增温对长白山阔叶红松林碳汇能力的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(9): 1225-1233.
[3]	杜英东, 袁相洋, 冯兆忠. 不同形态氮对杨树光合特性及生长的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(3): 348-360.
[4]	祝维, 周欧, 孙一鸣, 古丽米热·依力哈木, 王亚飞, 杨红青, 贾黎明, 席本野. 混交林内毛白杨和刺槐根系吸水的动态生态位划分[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(3): 389-403.
[5]	刘洋, 马煦, 邸楠, 曾子航, 付海曼, 李新, 席本野. 毛白杨根系液流与水力再分配特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(1): 123-133.
[6]	王晶苑, 魏杰, 温学发. 土壤CO₂通量梯度观测技术和方法的理论、假设与应用进展[J]. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(12): 1523-1536.
[7]	郑周涛, 张扬建. 1982-2018年青藏高原水分利用效率变化及归因分析[J]. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(12): 1486-1496.
[8]	韩璐, 杨菲, 吴应明, 牛云明, 曾祎明, 陈立欣. 晋西黄土区典型乔灌木短期水分利用效率对环境因子的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(12): 1350-1364.
[9]	赵飞飞, 马煦, 邸楠, 王烨, 刘洋, 李广德, 贾黎明, 席本野. 毛白杨茎干不同方位夜间液流变化规律及其主要影响因子[J]. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(8): 864-874.
[10]	周雄, 孙鹏森, 张明芳, 刘世荣. 西南高山亚高山区植被水分利用效率时空特征及其与气候因子的关系[J]. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(6): 628-641.
[11]	冯兆忠, 李品, 张国友, 李征珍, 平琴, 彭金龙, 刘硕. 二氧化碳浓度升高对陆地生态系统的影响: 问题与展望[J]. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(5): 461-474.
[12]	艾则孜提约麦尔·麦麦提, 玉素甫江·如素力, 何辉, 拜合提尼沙·阿不都克日木. 2000-2017年新疆天山植被水分利用效率时空特征及其与气候因子关系分析[J]. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(6): 490-500.
[13]	李鑫豪, 闫慧娟, 卫腾宙, 周文君, 贾昕, 查天山. 油蒿资源利用效率在生长季的相对变化及对环境因子的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(10): 889-898.
[14]	李豆豆, 席本野, 王斐, 贾素苹, 赵洪林, 贺曰林, 刘洋, 贾黎明. 毛白杨叶片膨压变化规律及其对环境因子的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(7): 741-751.
[15]	冯朝阳, 王鹤松, 孙建新. 中国北方植被水分利用效率的时间变化特征及其影响因子[J]. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(4): 453-465.