华北区域环境梯度上阔叶林构建模式及分布成因

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0183

植物生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (9): 732-741.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0183

华北区域环境梯度上阔叶林构建模式及分布成因

许金石¹,柴永福¹,刘晓¹,岳明^1,^*(),郭垚鑫¹,康慕谊^2,³,刘全儒⁴,郑成洋⁵,吉成均⁵,闫明⁶,张峰⁷,高贤明⁸,王仁卿⁹,石福臣¹⁰,张钦弟⁶,王茂^1,¹¹

¹西北大学西部资源生物与现代生物技术教育部重点实验室, 西安 710069
²北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100875
³北京师范大学地理科学学部自然资源学院, 北京 100875
⁴北京师范大学生命科学学院, 北京 100875
⁵北京大学城市与环境学院, 北京大学生态研究中心, 地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871
⁶山西师范大学生命科学学院, 山西临汾 041000
⁷山西大学黄土高原研究所, 太原 030006
⁸中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
⁹山东大学生命科学学院, 济南 250100
¹⁰南开大学生命科学学院, 天津 300071
¹¹新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2018-07-30 接受日期:2018-11-17 出版日期:2019-09-20 发布日期:2020-01-03
通讯作者: 岳明
基金资助:
国家科技基础性工作专项(2011FY110300);中国博士后科学基金(2018M643715);国家自然科学基金(31700348)

Community assembly, diversity patterns and distributions of broad-leaved forests in North China

XU Jin-Shi¹,CHAI Yong-Fu¹,LIU Xiao¹,YUE Ming^1,^*(),GUO Yao-Xin¹,KANG Mu-Yi^2,³,LIU Quan-Ru⁴,ZHENG Cheng-Yang⁵,JI Cheng-Jun⁵,YAN Ming⁶,ZHANG Feng⁷,GAO Xian-Ming⁸,WANG Ren-Qing⁹,SHI Fu-Chen¹⁰,ZHANG Qin-Di⁶,WANG Mao^1,¹¹

¹Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
²State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
³College of Resources Science & Technology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
⁴College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
⁵Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
⁶College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi 041000, China
⁷Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
⁸State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
⁹School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
¹⁰College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
¹¹College of Grass Industry and Environmental Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, ürümqi 830091, China

Received:2018-07-30 Accepted:2018-11-17 Online:2019-09-20 Published:2020-01-03
Contact: YUE Ming
Supported by:
Supported by the National Basic Work of Science and Technology of China(2011FY110300);the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M643715);and the Natural Science Foundation of China(31700348)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

森林群落的构建即多样性维持机制是当今生态学研究的热点问题。然而, 当前群落构建和群落多样性的研究多在间接梯度上进行, 而在水、热等影响物种在区域内定植的关键且直接的环境梯度上研究群落构建和多样性模式则鲜有报道。结合环境因子, 基于物种组成和谱系方法探讨不同群落的分布成因, 有助于解释群落构建过程中的关键问题。该研究基于华北森林群落调查数据和环境数据, 涉及7个省市区的29个以壳斗科、桦木科为优势种的群落, 探讨了直接环境梯度上的群落构建和多样性模式, 同时用典范对应分析研究了不同群落分布的环境解释。结果发现, 相似的群落具有相似的生境偏好, 相似的生境条件会形成物种组成相同或相似的群落。环境热量主导了本区域的谱系关系, 在年平均气温较低的地区, 群落构建主要表现为生境过滤的模式。此外, 随着年降水量的增加, 生境过滤作用逐渐增加。在温度梯度上, 谱系多样性表现为钟形模式, 而降水量的增加能导致谱系多样性的增加。

关键词: 群落构建, 谱系多样性, 水热条件, 物种组成

Abstract:

Aims To understand the key processes driving the community assembly and diversity patterns in North China.
Methods We investigated species composition of 87 plots from 29 sites. We applied phylogenetic approach, combined with community distribution information, to assess the community structure and diversity along environmental gradients. We then performed a variance partition to explore the relative importance of each environmental factor that influencing the patterns of community assembly and diversity process and a canonical correspondence analysis to analyze reason of community distributions.
Important findings Similar communities showed similar habitat preferences, demonstrating that environments may shape species composition of the communities. The phylogenetic diversity showed a uni-modal pattern with the mean annual temperature (MAT), but increased with the mean annual precipitation (MAP), partly because of the strong disturbance in high-MAT regions. Temperature dominated the phylogenetic structure of the broad- leaved forests in North China. Environmental filtering dominate the community assembly processes in the areas with relatively low MAT. In addition, the effect of environment filtering increased with MAP.

Key words: community assembly, phylogenetic diversity, hydrothermal condition, species composition

许金石,柴永福,刘晓,岳明,郭垚鑫,康慕谊,刘全儒,郑成洋,吉成均,闫明,张峰,高贤明,王仁卿,石福臣,张钦弟,王茂. 华北区域环境梯度上阔叶林构建模式及分布成因. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(9): 732-741. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0183

XU Jin-Shi,CHAI Yong-Fu,LIU Xiao,YUE Ming,GUO Yao-Xin,KANG Mu-Yi,LIU Quan-Ru,ZHENG Cheng-Yang,JI Cheng-Jun,YAN Ming,ZHANG Feng,GAO Xian-Ming,WANG Ren-Qing,SHI Fu-Chen,ZHANG Qin-Di,WANG Mao. Community assembly, diversity patterns and distributions of broad-leaved forests in North China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2019, 43(9): 732-741. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0183

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0183

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2019/V43/I9/732

图/表 7

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样地 Site	群落类型 Community type	地点 Site	平均海拔 Mean elevation (m)	年平均气温 MAT (℃)	年降水量 MAP (mm)
JLQ	蒙栎林 Quercus mongolica forest	河北隆化 Longhua, Hebei	1 085	5.5	466
JWA	红桦林 Betula albosinensis forest	河北涿鹿 Zhuolu, Hebei	2 302	-0.8	624
JFL	辽东栎林 Quercus wutaishanica forest	河北阜平 Fuping, Hebei	1 550	4.4	513
JFE	鹅耳枥林 Carpinus turczaninowii forest	河北阜平 Fuping, Hebei	1 517	4.4	513
JLB	白桦林 Betula platyphylla forest	河北涞源 Laiyuan, Hebei	1 819	7.1	491
JSC	糙皮桦林 Betula utilis forest	河北灵寿 Lingshou, Hebei	1 693	4.1	527
YWS	栓皮栎林 Quercus variabilis forest	河南卫辉 Weihui, Henan	371	13.8	593
NGB	白桦林 Betula platyphylla forest	宁夏固原 Guyuan, Ningxia	2 370	4.2	591
QFL	辽东栎林 Quercus wutaishanica forest	陕西富县 Fu Xian, Shaanxi	1 166	9.4	527
LTM	麻栎林 Quercus acutissima forest	山东泰安 Tai’an, Shandong	516	10.1	833
LPS	栓皮栎林 Quercus variabilis forest	山东平邑 Pingyi, Shandong	557	12.3	805
SZL	辽东栎林 Quercus wutaishanica forest	山西左权 Zuoquan, Shanxi	1 896	5.0	636
SCL	辽东栎林 Quercus wutaishanica forest	山西陵川 Lingchuan, Shanxi	1 093	9.0	703
SQA	红桦林 Betula albosinensis forest	山西沁水 Qinshui, Shanxi	2 170	5.4	731
SLE	鹅耳枥林 Carpinus turczaninowii forest	山西临县 Lin Xian, Shanxi	1 038	8.3	595
SLS	栓皮栎林 Quercus variabilis forest	山西临县 Lin Xian, Shanxi	1 077	8.3	595
SQE	鹅耳枥林 Carpinus turczaninowii forest	山西沁水 Qinshui, Shanxi	1 344	9.2	635
SQB	白桦林 Betula platyphylla forest	山西沁水 Qinshui, Shanxi	1 638	7.7	673
SYS	栓皮栎林 Quercus variabilis forest	山西垣曲 Yuanqu, Shanxi	872	11.1	584
SSJ	千金榆林 Carpinus cordata forest	山西灵石 Lingshi, Shanxi	1 288	6.7	578
SJL	辽东栎林 Quercus wutaishanica forest	山西交城 Jiaocheng, Shanxi	1 731	4.9	518
SQL	辽东栎林 Quercus wutaishanica forest	山西沁水 Qinshui, Shanxi	1 140	9.8	623
YSS	栓皮栎林 Quercus variabilis forest	河南嵩县 Song Xian, Henan	1 099	9.4	778
YTR	锐齿槲栎林 Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata forest	河南桐柏 Tongbai, Henan	817	12.9	1 011
YXS	栓皮栎林 Quercus variabilis forest	河南信阳 Xinyang, Henan	155	15.4	1 077
YGS	栓皮栎林 Quercus variabilis forest	河南舞钢 Wugang, Henan	132	14.8	784
YYM	麻栎林 Quercus acutissima forest	河南驻马店 Zhumadian, Henan	124	14.8	840
YNR	锐齿槲栎林 Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata forest	河南内乡 Neixiang, Henan	1 369	8.9	917
TJS	栓皮栎林 Quercus variabilis forest	天津蓟县 Ji Xian, Tianjin	193	10.1	590

样地 Site	群落类型 Community type	地点 Site	平均海拔 Mean elevation (m)	年平均气温 MAT (℃)	年降水量 MAP (mm)
JLQ	蒙栎林 Quercus mongolica forest	河北隆化 Longhua, Hebei	1 085	5.5	466
JWA	红桦林 Betula albosinensis forest	河北涿鹿 Zhuolu, Hebei	2 302	-0.8	624
JFL	辽东栎林 Quercus wutaishanica forest	河北阜平 Fuping, Hebei	1 550	4.4	513
JFE	鹅耳枥林 Carpinus turczaninowii forest	河北阜平 Fuping, Hebei	1 517	4.4	513
JLB	白桦林 Betula platyphylla forest	河北涞源 Laiyuan, Hebei	1 819	7.1	491
JSC	糙皮桦林 Betula utilis forest	河北灵寿 Lingshou, Hebei	1 693	4.1	527
YWS	栓皮栎林 Quercus variabilis forest	河南卫辉 Weihui, Henan	371	13.8	593
NGB	白桦林 Betula platyphylla forest	宁夏固原 Guyuan, Ningxia	2 370	4.2	591
QFL	辽东栎林 Quercus wutaishanica forest	陕西富县 Fu Xian, Shaanxi	1 166	9.4	527
LTM	麻栎林 Quercus acutissima forest	山东泰安 Tai’an, Shandong	516	10.1	833
LPS	栓皮栎林 Quercus variabilis forest	山东平邑 Pingyi, Shandong	557	12.3	805
SZL	辽东栎林 Quercus wutaishanica forest	山西左权 Zuoquan, Shanxi	1 896	5.0	636
SCL	辽东栎林 Quercus wutaishanica forest	山西陵川 Lingchuan, Shanxi	1 093	9.0	703
SQA	红桦林 Betula albosinensis forest	山西沁水 Qinshui, Shanxi	2 170	5.4	731
SLE	鹅耳枥林 Carpinus turczaninowii forest	山西临县 Lin Xian, Shanxi	1 038	8.3	595
SLS	栓皮栎林 Quercus variabilis forest	山西临县 Lin Xian, Shanxi	1 077	8.3	595
SQE	鹅耳枥林 Carpinus turczaninowii forest	山西沁水 Qinshui, Shanxi	1 344	9.2	635
SQB	白桦林 Betula platyphylla forest	山西沁水 Qinshui, Shanxi	1 638	7.7	673
SYS	栓皮栎林 Quercus variabilis forest	山西垣曲 Yuanqu, Shanxi	872	11.1	584
SSJ	千金榆林 Carpinus cordata forest	山西灵石 Lingshi, Shanxi	1 288	6.7	578
SJL	辽东栎林 Quercus wutaishanica forest	山西交城 Jiaocheng, Shanxi	1 731	4.9	518
SQL	辽东栎林 Quercus wutaishanica forest	山西沁水 Qinshui, Shanxi	1 140	9.8	623
YSS	栓皮栎林 Quercus variabilis forest	河南嵩县 Song Xian, Henan	1 099	9.4	778
YTR	锐齿槲栎林 Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata forest	河南桐柏 Tongbai, Henan	817	12.9	1 011
YXS	栓皮栎林 Quercus variabilis forest	河南信阳 Xinyang, Henan	155	15.4	1 077
YGS	栓皮栎林 Quercus variabilis forest	河南舞钢 Wugang, Henan	132	14.8	784
YYM	麻栎林 Quercus acutissima forest	河南驻马店 Zhumadian, Henan	124	14.8	840
YNR	锐齿槲栎林 Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata forest	河南内乡 Neixiang, Henan	1 369	8.9	917
TJS	栓皮栎林 Quercus variabilis forest	天津蓟县 Ji Xian, Tianjin	193	10.1	590

环境因子 Factor	解释程度 Explanation (%)
坡度 Slope	3.200 3
坡向 Aspect	15.643 7
年平均气温 MAT	48.043 8
月平均气温极差 MMTD	16.433 6
年降水量 MAP	15.065 3
降水季节变化量 SVP	1.613 2

环境因子 Factor	解释程度 Explanation (%)
坡度 Slope	3.200 3
坡向 Aspect	15.643 7
年平均气温 MAT	48.043 8
月平均气温极差 MMTD	16.433 6
年降水量 MAP	15.065 3
降水季节变化量 SVP	1.613 2

华北区域环境梯度上阔叶林构建模式及分布成因

Community assembly, diversity patterns and distributions of broad-leaved forests in North China

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