丹江口库区滩涂与入库支流植被与土壤种子库: 水传播潜力探讨

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00247

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探索库区滩涂与入库支流土壤种子库与植被的关系, 以及物种通过水传播扩散的潜力, 对丹江口库区内4条支流及其入库滩涂的地表植被和土壤种子库进行了调查。结果显示, 支流地表植被和种子库的物种多样性高于库区滩涂, 汉江库区滩涂和支流的地表植被与种子库均有较高的物种相似性。DCA排序和TWINSPAN聚类可以明显地将支流的植被和种子库样方与滩涂的植被和种子库样方分到不同的样方组, 结合物种排序图可以清楚地发现, 流入汉江库区支流的植被和种子库的物种组成与滩涂的植被和种子库的物种组成有密切联系。汉江库区滩涂0-15 cm的土层内都有种子萌发, 而丹江库区种子库中只有狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)一种植物, 且仅存在于0-5 cm土层。研究结果表明, 繁殖体通过支流向滩涂的水传播作用对植被建立有积极贡献。

关键词: 大坝, 水传播, 植被恢复, 消涨带

Abstract:

Aims Our objectives were to compare the established vegetation and soil seed bank of tidal flat and tributary habitats of the Danjiangkou Reservoir of China’s Han River and to identify the contribution of hydrochory (dispersal of seeds by water) from the tributaries to the reservoir tidal flats.
Methods We sampled the vegetation and soil seed banks of four tributaries and the reservoir tidal flats of their estuaries. Using data from 91 sample plots, we compared the species composition of the established vegetation and soil seed banks of the tributaries and their tidal flats using Sørensen’s coefficient of similarity, detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and two way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN).
Important findings Species richness of the established vegetation and seed bank along the tributaries was considerably higher than in the reservoir tidal flats, but the density of seedlings germinated from the soil seed bank was not significantly different between the two habitats. TWINSPAN and DCA showed a separation of sites from the tributary and tidal flat zones. In the DCA ordination diagram, however, most species were grouped between the tributaries and tidal flats, indicating a close relationship of species composition between the two habitats. Sørensen’s coefficient of similarity also revealed a high similarity of the established vegetation and seed bank between the tributaries and the tidal flats. Seeds were germinated from all three layers of the top soil (0-15 cm) in the Han reservoir tidal flats, while only one species, Cynodon dactylon, was found in the top soil of 0-5 cm in the Dan Reservoir tidal flats. Our results indicate a potential contribution of hydrochory from the tributaries to the vegetation of the reservoir tidal flats.

Key words: dam, hydrochory, vegetation restoration, water-level-fluctuation zone

萧蒇, 刘文治, 刘贵华. 丹江口库区滩涂与入库支流植被与土壤种子库: 水传播潜力探讨. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(3): 247-255. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00247

XIAO Chan, LIU Wen-Zhi, LIU Gui-Hua. Comparison of the established vegetation and soil seed bank of tidal flat versus tributary habitats of China’s Danjiangkou Reservoir: the potential of hydrochory. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(3): 247-255. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00247

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2011/V35/I3/247

图/表 4

参考文献 43

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物种 Species	缩写 Abbreviations	生活型 Life form	植被盖度 Vegetation coverage (%)				种子库中幼苗密度(株·m^-2) Seedling density in seed bank (seedlings·m^-2)
			支流 Tributaries		滩涂 Tidal flats		支流 Tributaries		滩涂 Tidal flats
			汉库 Han Reservoir	丹库 Dan Reservoir	汉库 Han Reservoir	丹库 Dan Reservoir	汉库 Han Reservoir	丹库 Dan Reservoir	汉库 Han Reservoir	丹库 Dan Reservoir
水花生 Alternanthera philoxeroides	A. ph	P	16 ± 0.1	19 ± 0.3			184 ± 24	32 ± 22
荩草 Arthraxon hispidus	A. hi	A	21 ± 0.1	37 ± 1.9			108 ± 18	97 ± 52
狗芽根 Cynodon dactylon	C. da	P	24 ± 0.2	5 ± 2.4	88 ± 0.3	87 ± 1	203 ± 44	49 ± 32	1170 ± 208	845 ± 200
香附子 Cyperu srotundus	C. sr	P	5 ± 0.3		1 ± 0.1		546 ± 38	16 ± 11
异型莎草 Cyperus difformis	C. di	A					95 ± 22	877 ± 475
长芒稗 Echinochloa caudata	E. ca	A	38 ± 1.1				133 ± 20		65 ± 13
光头稗 Echinochloa colonum	E. co	A	14 ± 0.1	4 ± 0.1	2 ± 0.6		95 ± 18		26 ± 1
无芒稗 Echinochloa crusgali	E. cr	A	15 ± 0.5		2 ± 0.3		209 ± 245
鳢肠 Eclipta prostrata	E. pr	A			1 ± 0.3		50 ± 6	16 ± 11	13 ± 6
牛筋草 Eleusine indica	E. in	A					57 ± 8
柳叶箬 Isachne globosa	I. gl	P	12 ± 0.1	35 ± 0.6			88 ± 55	97 ± 65
水蜈蚣 Kyllinga brevifolia	K. br	P					76 ± 9		13 ± 6
稻田千金子 Leptochloa chinensis	L. ch	A	25 ± 0.1	11 ± 0.4	6 ± 1		114 ± 37		13 ± 6
双穗雀稗 Paspalum distichum	P. di	P	37 ± 0.1	30 ± 1.3	2 ± 1		190 ± 33
雀稗 Paspalum scrobiculatum	P. sc	P		23 ± 2.2			162 ± 138
虉草 Phalaris arundinacea	P. ar	P					45 ± 24
早熟禾 Poa annua	P. an	A					54 ± 4
水蓼 Polygonum hydropiper	P. hy	A	11 ± 1.0	16 ± 0.8	1 ± 0.3
棒头草 Polypogon fugax	P. fu	A	9 ± 0.2	10 ± 0.6
车前 Plantago asiatica	P. as	P		12 ± 1.4
紫菀 Aster tongolensis	A. to	P	14 ± 0.2	10 ± 0.2	5 ± 4
飞蓬 Erigeron acer	E. ac	P	12 ± 1.0	14 ± 0.3	4 ± 1
烟台飘拂草 Fimbristylis stauntoni	F. st	A	11 ± 2.0
狗尾草 Setaria viridis	S. vi	A	7 ± 0.3		1 ± 0.5
艾蒿 Artemisia argyi	A. ar	A	6 ± 0.1		2 ± 2
马唐 Digitaria sanguinalis	D. sa	A	4 ± 0.2		19 ± 2
青葙 Celosia argentea	C. ar	A	15 ± 0.3		6 ± 0.2
狗尾草 Setaria viridis	S. vi	A	12 ± 0.1	8 ± 0.7
苍耳 Xanthium sibiricum	X. si	A	24 ± 0.4		3 ± 0.2
菟丝子 Cuscuta chinensis	C. ch	A	0.7 ± 0.5
木贼 Equisetum hiemale	E. hi	P	1 ± 0.1	2 ± 0.1	2 ± 0.2

物种 Species	缩写 Abbreviations	生活型 Life form	植被盖度 Vegetation coverage (%)				种子库中幼苗密度(株·m^-2) Seedling density in seed bank (seedlings·m^-2)
			支流 Tributaries		滩涂 Tidal flats		支流 Tributaries		滩涂 Tidal flats
			汉库 Han Reservoir	丹库 Dan Reservoir	汉库 Han Reservoir	丹库 Dan Reservoir	汉库 Han Reservoir	丹库 Dan Reservoir	汉库 Han Reservoir	丹库 Dan Reservoir
水花生 Alternanthera philoxeroides	A. ph	P	16 ± 0.1	19 ± 0.3			184 ± 24	32 ± 22
荩草 Arthraxon hispidus	A. hi	A	21 ± 0.1	37 ± 1.9			108 ± 18	97 ± 52
狗芽根 Cynodon dactylon	C. da	P	24 ± 0.2	5 ± 2.4	88 ± 0.3	87 ± 1	203 ± 44	49 ± 32	1170 ± 208	845 ± 200
香附子 Cyperu srotundus	C. sr	P	5 ± 0.3		1 ± 0.1		546 ± 38	16 ± 11
异型莎草 Cyperus difformis	C. di	A					95 ± 22	877 ± 475
长芒稗 Echinochloa caudata	E. ca	A	38 ± 1.1				133 ± 20		65 ± 13
光头稗 Echinochloa colonum	E. co	A	14 ± 0.1	4 ± 0.1	2 ± 0.6		95 ± 18		26 ± 1
无芒稗 Echinochloa crusgali	E. cr	A	15 ± 0.5		2 ± 0.3		209 ± 245
鳢肠 Eclipta prostrata	E. pr	A			1 ± 0.3		50 ± 6	16 ± 11	13 ± 6
牛筋草 Eleusine indica	E. in	A					57 ± 8
柳叶箬 Isachne globosa	I. gl	P	12 ± 0.1	35 ± 0.6			88 ± 55	97 ± 65
水蜈蚣 Kyllinga brevifolia	K. br	P					76 ± 9		13 ± 6
稻田千金子 Leptochloa chinensis	L. ch	A	25 ± 0.1	11 ± 0.4	6 ± 1		114 ± 37		13 ± 6
双穗雀稗 Paspalum distichum	P. di	P	37 ± 0.1	30 ± 1.3	2 ± 1		190 ± 33
雀稗 Paspalum scrobiculatum	P. sc	P		23 ± 2.2			162 ± 138
虉草 Phalaris arundinacea	P. ar	P					45 ± 24
早熟禾 Poa annua	P. an	A					54 ± 4
水蓼 Polygonum hydropiper	P. hy	A	11 ± 1.0	16 ± 0.8	1 ± 0.3
棒头草 Polypogon fugax	P. fu	A	9 ± 0.2	10 ± 0.6
车前 Plantago asiatica	P. as	P		12 ± 1.4
紫菀 Aster tongolensis	A. to	P	14 ± 0.2	10 ± 0.2	5 ± 4
飞蓬 Erigeron acer	E. ac	P	12 ± 1.0	14 ± 0.3	4 ± 1
烟台飘拂草 Fimbristylis stauntoni	F. st	A	11 ± 2.0
狗尾草 Setaria viridis	S. vi	A	7 ± 0.3		1 ± 0.5
艾蒿 Artemisia argyi	A. ar	A	6 ± 0.1		2 ± 2
马唐 Digitaria sanguinalis	D. sa	A	4 ± 0.2		19 ± 2
青葙 Celosia argentea	C. ar	A	15 ± 0.3		6 ± 0.2
狗尾草 Setaria viridis	S. vi	A	12 ± 0.1	8 ± 0.7
苍耳 Xanthium sibiricum	X. si	A	24 ± 0.4		3 ± 0.2
菟丝子 Cuscuta chinensis	C. ch	A	0.7 ± 0.5
木贼 Equisetum hiemale	E. hi	P	1 ± 0.1	2 ± 0.1	2 ± 0.2

位点 Location		类型 Type	物种数 Number of species	共有种 Common species	索伦森指数 S?rensen index
支流与入库滩涂 Tributary and reservoir tidal flat
汉库 Han Reservoir	地表植被 Established vegetation	支流 Tributary	23	15	75.0
	地表植被 Established vegetation	滩涂 Tidal flat	16	15	75.0
	种子库 Seed bank	支流 Tributary	17	6	52.0
	种子库 Seed bank	滩涂 Tidal flat	6	6	52.0
丹库 Dan Reservoir	地表植被 Established vegetation	支流 Tributary	15	1	12.5
	地表植被 Established vegetation	滩涂 Tidal flat	1	1	12.5
	种子库 Seed bank	支流 Tributary	7	1	25.0
	种子库 Seed bank	滩涂 Tidal flat	1	1	25.0
地表植被与土壤种子库 Established vegetation and soil seed bank
汉库 Han Reservoir	支流 Tributaries	植被 Vegetation	23	10	50.0
	支流 Tributaries	种子库 Seed bank	17	10	50.0
	滩涂 Reservoir tidal flat	植被 Vegetation	16	4	23.5
	滩涂 Reservoir tidal flat	种子库 Seed bank	17	4	23.5
丹库 Dan Reservoir	支流 Tributary	植被 Vegetation	15	4	42.1
	支流 Tributary	种子库 Seed bank	7	4	42.1
	滩涂 Reservoir tidal flat	植被 Vegetation	1	1	100.0
	滩涂 Reservoir tidal flat	种子库 Seed bank	1	1	100.0

位点 Location		类型 Type	物种数 Number of species	共有种 Common species	索伦森指数 S?rensen index
支流与入库滩涂 Tributary and reservoir tidal flat
汉库 Han Reservoir	地表植被 Established vegetation	支流 Tributary	23	15	75.0
	地表植被 Established vegetation	滩涂 Tidal flat	16	15	75.0
	种子库 Seed bank	支流 Tributary	17	6	52.0
	种子库 Seed bank	滩涂 Tidal flat	6	6	52.0
丹库 Dan Reservoir	地表植被 Established vegetation	支流 Tributary	15	1	12.5
	地表植被 Established vegetation	滩涂 Tidal flat	1	1	12.5
	种子库 Seed bank	支流 Tributary	7	1	25.0
	种子库 Seed bank	滩涂 Tidal flat	1	1	25.0
地表植被与土壤种子库 Established vegetation and soil seed bank
汉库 Han Reservoir	支流 Tributaries	植被 Vegetation	23	10	50.0
	支流 Tributaries	种子库 Seed bank	17	10	50.0
	滩涂 Reservoir tidal flat	植被 Vegetation	16	4	23.5
	滩涂 Reservoir tidal flat	种子库 Seed bank	17	4	23.5
丹库 Dan Reservoir	支流 Tributary	植被 Vegetation	15	4	42.1
	支流 Tributary	种子库 Seed bank	7	4	42.1
	滩涂 Reservoir tidal flat	植被 Vegetation	1	1	100.0
	滩涂 Reservoir tidal flat	种子库 Seed bank	1	1	100.0