大兴安岭北部樟子松树木生长与气候因子的关系

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00294

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在大兴安岭北部漠河(MH I、MH II 2个样点)、塔河蒙克山(MKS)、满归(MG)地区共采集樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica)年轮样芯139个, 成功地建立了MH I、MH II、MKS和MG 4个样点的樟子松差值年表, 最长达377年(1631-2007年, 有效年表为1743-2007年)。樟子松年轮指数与气候因子的响应函数分析表明, 气温是这4个样点樟子松径向生长的主要限制因子。但4个样点限制其生长的月份有所差异, 漠河的2个样点樟子松年轮指数与6月气温负相关, 满归和塔河蒙克山樟子松年轮指数与前一年10月气温正相关。樟子松年表与区域气候的冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA)基本与响应函数分析的结果一致, 进一步验证了气温对大兴安岭北部樟子松生长的限制作用。该研究为全球变暖下大兴安岭北部樟子松林的经营管理及区域气候重建提供了基础数据。

关键词: 樟子松, 冗余分析, 响应函数, 大兴安岭北部地区, 年轮

Abstract:

Aims Daxing’an Mountains, the northernmost and largest forest area in China, showed significant warming in the 20th century. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) is one of the two major conifer tree species in the boreal forests of these mountains. Our objective was to detect possible influence of climate change on boreal forests in this area through dendroclimatology.
Methods We investigated climate-growth relationships of Scots pine using tree ring-width chronologies (total of 139 cores) developed from Mohe, Mengkeshan and Mangui in the northern Daxing’an Mountains. Four residual chronologies were developed from the cross-dated ring width series using the program ARSTAN. The relationships between climate and tree-ring index were analyzed using bootstrapped response functions analysis of the software DENDROCLIM2002. Redundancy analysis (RDA), a multivariate “direct” gradient analysis, and its ordination axes are constrained to represent linear combinations of supplied environmental variables. It was carried out on the four Scots pine chronologies and 24 climate variables for 1973-2006 using the program CANOCO. STATISTICA for Windows, release 6.0 (StatSoft Inc., Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA) was used for other statistical analysis.
Important findings Tree growth from the four sites showed different responses to local climates. Response analysis showed that the chronologies of Mohe I and Mohe II were negatively correlated with June temperature of the current year, while the chronologies of Mangui and Mengkeshan were positively correlated with October temperature of the previous year. The analysis indicated that temperature is the major limiting factor for the growth of Scots pine in the northern Daxing’an Mountains. Redundancy analysis between four Scots pine chronologies and regional climate data verified this conclusion.

Key words: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, redundancy analysis, response function, the northern Daxing’an Mountains, tree ring

王晓春, 宋来萍, 张远东. 大兴安岭北部樟子松树木生长与气候因子的关系. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(3): 294-302. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00294

WANG Xiao-Chun, SONG Lai-Ping, ZHANG Yuan-Dong. Climate-tree growth relationships of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in the northern Daxing’an Mountains, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(3): 294-302. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00294

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2011/V35/I3/294

图/表 8

表1 大兴安岭北部漠河、满归、蒙克山4个樟子松年表采样点信息

Table 1 Sampling site information for four Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica chronologies from Mohe, Mangui and Mengkeshan in the northern Daxing’an Mountains

样点 Site	纬度 Latitude (N)	经度 Longitude (E)	海拔 Elevation (m)	样芯数量 Core numbers
漠河I Mohe I	53°01′52″	122°22′35″	601	31
漠河II Mohe II	53°08′47″	122°24′04″	622	36
满归 Mangui	52°02′55″	122°05′56″	714	34
蒙克山 Mengkeshan	52°37′12″	124°18′11″	720	38

图1 大兴安岭北部樟子松4个差值年表(上图)及样本量(n ≥ 5) (下图)的变化。黑色粗线为树轮指数的11年滑动平均。漠河I、漠河II、满归、蒙克山代表4个采样点。

Fig. 1 Variation of four residual chronologies (upper panel) and sample numbers (n ≥ 5) (lower panel) from Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in the northern Daxing’an Mountains. The thick line is a smoothed 11-year moving average spline of tree-ring index. MH I, MH II, MG and MKS represent four sampling sites in Mohe, Mangui and Mengkeshan, respectively.

表2 大兴安岭北部漠河、塔河、牙克石气象站概况

Table 2 General information of Mohe, Tahe and Yakeshi meteorological station in the northern Daxing’an Mountains

	漠河 Mohe	塔河 Tahe	牙克石 Yakeshi
纬度 Latitude (N)	53°28′	52°19′	50°29′
经度 Longitude (E)	122°22′	124°43′	121°41′
海拔 Elevation (m)	296	357	732
时间跨度 Span time	1959-2009	1972-2009	1957-2009
对应的采样点 Sampling site	漠河I MH I, 漠河II MH II	蒙克山 MKS	满归 MG
距采样点距离 Distance from sampling site (km)	48, 36	44	176

图2 大兴安岭北部漠河(Mohe)、塔河(Tahe)、牙克石(Yakeshi)气象站月平均气温与总降水量的变化, 后缀T和P分别代表气温和降水量。

Fig. 2 Monthly mean temperature and total precipitation at Mohe, Tahe and Yakeshi meteorological stations. The suffix “T” and “P” represent temperature and precipitation, respectively.

表3 大兴安岭北部樟子松4个样点差值年表的主要统计特征

Table 3 Major statistic characteristics for four residual chronologies of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica from four sampling sites in the northern Daxing’an Mountains

	漠河I MH I	漠河II MH II	满归 MG	蒙克山 MKS
序列长度 Time span	1915-2008	1725-2008	1798-2008	1631-2007
平均敏感度 Mean sensitivity	0.12	0.19	0.16	0.13
标准偏差 Standard deviation	0.11	0.17	0.14	0.12
平均相关系数 Mean correlation coefficient	0.29	0.37	0.31	0.24
信噪比 Signal-to-noise ratio	11.2	12.8	12.2	9.7
样本代表性 Expressed population signal	0.92	0.93	0.92	0.91
第一特征根方差解释量 Variance in first eigenvector (%)	32.4	40.3	34.5	27.0

表4 1928-2006年大兴安岭北部樟子松4个差值年表间的相关系数(p < 0.001)

Table 4 Correlation matrix between four residual ring-width chronologies of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in the northern Daxing’an Mountains from 1928 to 2006 (p < 0.001)

	漠河I MH I	漠河II MH II	满归 MG
漠河II MH II	0.52
满归 MG	0.61	0.58
蒙克山 MKS	0.58	0.58	0.64

图3 大兴安岭北部樟子松4个差值年表与气候因子响应函数分析。“-”代表前一年, “*”代表气候因子对年轮指数影响显著 (p < 0.05)。漠河I、漠河II、满归、蒙克山代表4个采样点。

Fig. 3 Response functions analyses of four Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica residual chronologies with local monthly climate variables in the northern Daxing’an Mountains. The negative signs represent the previous year and the asterisks represent a significant (p < 0.05) effect of climate on tree-ring index. MH I, MH II, MG and MKS represent four sampling sites in Mohe, Mangui and Mengkeshan, respectively.

图4 大兴安岭北部樟子松4个差值年表与月气温、降水量数据的冗余分析(1973-2006年)。只有显著的气候变量被显示。粗黑线向量为气候因子, 虚线向量为年表。向量越长代表气候因子越重要, 气候向量与年表向量夹角的余弦值代表年表与气候因子之间的相关系数。气候向量与年表向量同方向表明具有较强正相关, 反方向表明具有较强负相关, 垂直表明不相关。字母P代表降水量, 字母T代表气温, 字母后的数字代表月份, 下脚标“-1”代表前一年。漠河I、漠河II、满归、蒙克山代表4个采样点。

Fig. 4 Redundancy analyses (RDAs) calculated from the four residual chronologies of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in the northern Daxing’an Mountains (dash line vectors) and the monthly air temperature and precipitation (bold and thick line vectors) for the period 1973-2006, only significant climate factors were shown here. The longer the vector is the more important the climate parameter. The correlation between the variables is illustrated by the cosine of the angle between two vectors. Vectors pointing in nearly the same direction indicate a high positive correlation, vectors pointing in opposite directions have a high negative correlation, and vectors crossing at right angles are related to a near zero correlation. P = precipitation, T = air temperature, -1 = year before ring formation, and numbers represent months. MH I, MH II, MG and MKS represent four sampling sites in Mohe, Mangui and Mengkeshan, respectively.

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