冷蒿挥发性有机化合物主要成分分析及其地上部分结构研究

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.04.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

冷蒿(Artemisia frigida)挥发性有机化合物(volatile organic compounds, VOCs)具有特殊气味, 在植物受损伤时, 此气味会更加浓烈。该文通过对未损伤与损伤冷蒿VOCs成分分析、地上部分结构观察, 初步揭示了冷蒿VOCs释放与结构之间的关系。结果表明, 未损伤冷蒿VOCs主要含有22种化合物, 其主要成分是莰烯(14.27%)、(E)-乙酸-3-己烯酯(10.85%)、对-伞花烃(9.05%)、桉树脑(39.80%)、α-萜品醇(10.04%)、β-萜品醇(2.48%)、樟脑(5.66%)和(R)-(-)-对薄荷-1-烯-4-醇(3.84%)。损伤较未损伤冷蒿VOCs增加了12种物质, 其中相对含量大于1%的化合物分别为顺-3-己烯醛(1.15%)、2-己烯醛(1.34%)、顺-牻牛儿醇(2.66%)、冰片(4.47%)、(1R,4R)(+)-对-薄荷-2,8-二烯(9.15%)、乙酸冰片酯(1.37%)和4(14), 11-桉叶双烯(1.30%)。冷蒿叶片中栅栏组织发达, 叶柄内具有2-3处栅栏组织, 并且栅栏组织中都具有发达的气室, 同时气室与气孔相连。因此, 损伤较未损伤冷蒿VOCs种类和浓度增多的原因可能为: 冷蒿VOCs合成后大量储存于气室中, 当叶片损伤时, VOCs大量释放出来, 同时合成释放一些新的VOCs, 致使损伤冷蒿VOCs种类和浓度增加。

关键词: 地上部分结构, 冷蒿, 成分分析, 挥发性有机化合物

Abstract:

Aims Special volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released from Artemisia frigida in its growth, and the smell of VOCs is stronger when it is damaged. Our objective was to determine the VOCs from A. frigida and the relationship between the VOCs release and organization structure of A. frigida.

Methods VOCs were collected using the dynamic headspace air-circulation method and analyzed with the thermal-desorption cold trap/gas chromatography/mass spectrum (TCT/GC/MS). The coat hairs of A. frigida were observed with scanning electron microscope, and the paraffin section of aboveground structures was observed with microscope.

Important findings Twenty-two main compounds were identified in undamaged A. frigida: camphene (14.27%), (E)-3-hexen-1-ol,acetate (10.85%), p-cymene (9.05%), eucalyptol (39.80%), α-terpineol (10.04%), β-terpineol (2.48%), camphor (5.66%) and (R)-(-)-p-menth-1-en-4-ol (3.84%). Twelve kinds of VOCs increased with damage; those with a relative content > 1% were cis-3-Hexenal (1.15%), 2-Pentenal (1.34%), cis-Geraniol (2.66%), Borneol (4.47%), (1R,4R)-(+)-p-Mentha-2,8-diene (9.15%), Bornyl acetate (1.37%) and Eudesma-4(14),11-diene (1.30%). There were many palisade tissues in A. frigida blades, 2-3 palisade tissues in petioles, and many air chambers in palisade tissue connected with stoma. The kinds and relative content of damaged A. frigida VOCs were more than the undamaged, possibly because A. frigida VOCs were stored in air chambers, which were released when A. frigida was damaged, and some new VOCs were composed and released. Therefore, the kinds and content of VOCs were increased in damaged A. frigida.

Key words: aboveground structure, Artemisia frigida, component analysis, volatile organic compounds

左照江, 张汝民, 王勇, 侯平, 温国胜, 高岩. 冷蒿挥发性有机化合物主要成分分析及其地上部分结构研究. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(4): 462-468. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.04.012

ZUO Zhao-Jiang, ZHANG Ru-Min, WANG Yong, HOU Ping, WEN Guo-Sheng, GAO Yan. Analysis of main volatile organic compounds and study of aboveground structures in Artemisia frigida. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(4): 462-468. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.04.012

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.04.012

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2010/V34/I4/462

图/表 4

参考文献 26

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保留时间 Retention time (min)		挥发性有机化合物 Volatile organic compounds		分子式 Chemical formula	相对含量 Relative content (%)
未损伤 UDa	损伤Da	中文名称 Chinese name	英文名称 English name	分子式 Chemical formula	未损伤 UDa	损伤 Da
	13.51	顺-3-己烯醛	cis-3-Hexenal	C₆H₁₀O	-	1.15 ± 0.13
	15.57	2-己烯醛	2-Hentenal	C₆H₁₀O	-	1.34 ± 0.18
15.57	15.82	3-己烯醇	3-Hexenol(c,t)	C₆H₁₂O	0.05 ± 0.01	2.81 ± 0.23
	16.14	己醇	1-Hexanol	C₆H₁₄O	-	0.50 ± 0.04
	16.23	乙酸异戊酯	Isopentyl alcohol,acetate	C₇H₁₄O₂	-	0.17 ± 0.05
18.01	18.02	α-蒎烯	α-Pinene	C₁₀H₁₆	0.03 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.00
18.38	18.40	β-蒎烯	β-Pinene	C₁₀H₁₆	0.06 ± 0.01	0.05 ± 0.01
19.05	19.06	檀香三烯	Santolina triene	C₁₀H₁₆	0.06 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.01
19.71	19.71	水芹烯	Phellandrene	C₁₀H₁₆	0.15 ± 0.02	0.39 ± 0.09
20.07	20.09	莰烯	Camphene	C₁₀H₁₆	14.27 ± 1.29	6.28 ± 0.58
	20.29	1-壬烯-3-醇	1-Nonen-3-ol	C₉H₁₈O	-	0.58 ± 0.07
20.56	20.74	(E)-乙酸-3-己烯酯	(E)-3-Hexen-1-ol,acetate	C₈H₁₄O₂	10.85 ± 0.83	10.96 ± 1.37
21.54	21.79	对-伞花烃	p-Cymene	C₁₀H₁₄	9.05 ± 0.79	4.11 ± 0.08
21.95	22.02	桉树脑	Eucalyptol	C₁₀H₁₈O	39.80 ± 2.24	22.43 ± 2.49
22.20		2,4-癸二烯-1-醇	2,4-Decadien-1-ol	C₁₀H₁₈O	0.15 ± 0.03	-
22.47	22.55	萜品烯	Terpinen	C₁₀H₁₆	0.93 ± 0.11	1.12 ± 0.27
23.08	23.27	α-萜品醇	α-Terpineol	C₁₀H₁₈O	10.04 ± 0.98	11.01 ± 0.99
	23.75	里纳醇	Linalol	C₁₀H₁₈O	-	0.13 ± 0.07
23.90	23.94	黄瓜醇	Cucumber alcohol	C₉H₁₆O	0.07 ± 0.01	0.23 ± 0.04
24.07	24.22	β-萜品醇	β-Terpineol	C₁₀H₁₈O	2.48 ± 0.45	3.56 ± 0.26
25.67	25.76	樟脑	Camphor	C₁₀H₁₈O	5.66 ± 0.97	7.85 ± 0.84
	25.87	顺-牻牛儿醇	cis-Geraniol	C₁₀H₁₈O	-	2.66 ± 0.47
26.45		(R)-(-)-对-薄荷-1-烯-4-醇	(R)-(-)-p-Menth-1-en-4-ol	C₁₀H₁₈O	3.84 ± 0.74	-
	26.58	冰片	Borneol	C₁₀H₁₈O	-	4.47 ± 0.33
26.82	26.94	(S)-(-)-对-薄荷-1-烯-8-醇	(S)-(-)-p-menth-1-en-8-ol	C₁₀H₁₈O	0.88 ± 0.12	1.80 ± 0.18
28.64		乙酸橙花酯	Nerol acetate	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	1.00 ± 0.21	-
	28.81	(1R,4R)-(+)-对-薄荷2,8-二烯	(1R,4R)-(+)-p-Mentha-2,8-diene	C₁₂H₂₀	-	9.15 ± 0.86
	29.27	乙酸冰片酯	Bornyl acetate	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	-	1.37 ± 0.29
31.71	31.75	古巴烯	Copaene	C₁₅H₂₄	0.25 ± 0.04	1.50 ± 0.15
32.98	33.02	(Z)-法呢烯	(Z)-Farnesene	C₁₅H₂₄	0.02 ± 0.00	0.13 ± 0.02
	34.32	柏木烯	Cedrene	C₁₅H₂₄	-	0.33 ± 0.03
34.42	34.50	大根叶香烯D	Germacrene D	C₁₅H₂₄	0.12 ± 0.01	2.48 ± 0.14
34.70		异石竹烯	Isocaryophillene	C₁₅H₂₄	0.21 ± 0.01	-
	34.76	4(14), 11-桉叶双烯	Eudesma-4(14),11-diene	C₁₅H₂₄	-	1.30 ± 0.13

保留时间 Retention time (min)		挥发性有机化合物 Volatile organic compounds		分子式 Chemical formula	相对含量 Relative content (%)
未损伤 UDa	损伤Da	中文名称 Chinese name	英文名称 English name	分子式 Chemical formula	未损伤 UDa	损伤 Da
	13.51	顺-3-己烯醛	cis-3-Hexenal	C₆H₁₀O	-	1.15 ± 0.13
	15.57	2-己烯醛	2-Hentenal	C₆H₁₀O	-	1.34 ± 0.18
15.57	15.82	3-己烯醇	3-Hexenol(c,t)	C₆H₁₂O	0.05 ± 0.01	2.81 ± 0.23
	16.14	己醇	1-Hexanol	C₆H₁₄O	-	0.50 ± 0.04
	16.23	乙酸异戊酯	Isopentyl alcohol,acetate	C₇H₁₄O₂	-	0.17 ± 0.05
18.01	18.02	α-蒎烯	α-Pinene	C₁₀H₁₆	0.03 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.00
18.38	18.40	β-蒎烯	β-Pinene	C₁₀H₁₆	0.06 ± 0.01	0.05 ± 0.01
19.05	19.06	檀香三烯	Santolina triene	C₁₀H₁₆	0.06 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.01
19.71	19.71	水芹烯	Phellandrene	C₁₀H₁₆	0.15 ± 0.02	0.39 ± 0.09
20.07	20.09	莰烯	Camphene	C₁₀H₁₆	14.27 ± 1.29	6.28 ± 0.58
	20.29	1-壬烯-3-醇	1-Nonen-3-ol	C₉H₁₈O	-	0.58 ± 0.07
20.56	20.74	(E)-乙酸-3-己烯酯	(E)-3-Hexen-1-ol,acetate	C₈H₁₄O₂	10.85 ± 0.83	10.96 ± 1.37
21.54	21.79	对-伞花烃	p-Cymene	C₁₀H₁₄	9.05 ± 0.79	4.11 ± 0.08
21.95	22.02	桉树脑	Eucalyptol	C₁₀H₁₈O	39.80 ± 2.24	22.43 ± 2.49
22.20		2,4-癸二烯-1-醇	2,4-Decadien-1-ol	C₁₀H₁₈O	0.15 ± 0.03	-
22.47	22.55	萜品烯	Terpinen	C₁₀H₁₆	0.93 ± 0.11	1.12 ± 0.27
23.08	23.27	α-萜品醇	α-Terpineol	C₁₀H₁₈O	10.04 ± 0.98	11.01 ± 0.99
	23.75	里纳醇	Linalol	C₁₀H₁₈O	-	0.13 ± 0.07
23.90	23.94	黄瓜醇	Cucumber alcohol	C₉H₁₆O	0.07 ± 0.01	0.23 ± 0.04
24.07	24.22	β-萜品醇	β-Terpineol	C₁₀H₁₈O	2.48 ± 0.45	3.56 ± 0.26
25.67	25.76	樟脑	Camphor	C₁₀H₁₈O	5.66 ± 0.97	7.85 ± 0.84
	25.87	顺-牻牛儿醇	cis-Geraniol	C₁₀H₁₈O	-	2.66 ± 0.47
26.45		(R)-(-)-对-薄荷-1-烯-4-醇	(R)-(-)-p-Menth-1-en-4-ol	C₁₀H₁₈O	3.84 ± 0.74	-
	26.58	冰片	Borneol	C₁₀H₁₈O	-	4.47 ± 0.33
26.82	26.94	(S)-(-)-对-薄荷-1-烯-8-醇	(S)-(-)-p-menth-1-en-8-ol	C₁₀H₁₈O	0.88 ± 0.12	1.80 ± 0.18
28.64		乙酸橙花酯	Nerol acetate	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	1.00 ± 0.21	-
	28.81	(1R,4R)-(+)-对-薄荷2,8-二烯	(1R,4R)-(+)-p-Mentha-2,8-diene	C₁₂H₂₀	-	9.15 ± 0.86
	29.27	乙酸冰片酯	Bornyl acetate	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	-	1.37 ± 0.29
31.71	31.75	古巴烯	Copaene	C₁₅H₂₄	0.25 ± 0.04	1.50 ± 0.15
32.98	33.02	(Z)-法呢烯	(Z)-Farnesene	C₁₅H₂₄	0.02 ± 0.00	0.13 ± 0.02
	34.32	柏木烯	Cedrene	C₁₅H₂₄	-	0.33 ± 0.03
34.42	34.50	大根叶香烯D	Germacrene D	C₁₅H₂₄	0.12 ± 0.01	2.48 ± 0.14
34.70		异石竹烯	Isocaryophillene	C₁₅H₂₄	0.21 ± 0.01	-
	34.76	4(14), 11-桉叶双烯	Eudesma-4(14),11-diene	C₁₅H₂₄	-	1.30 ± 0.13