川西卧龙国家级自然保护区树木生长对气候响应的时间稳定性评估

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.09.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据川西卧龙地区岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)的年轮宽度资料, 分析了该地区树木生长特征及对气候响应在最近53年(1956-2008年)的异质性特征。结果表明, 在1956-1976年时段, 树木生长速率较快, 晚冬至早春(1月到4月)温度对树木生长有着明显的促进作用, 而春末5月份的高温对于树木生长有限制性影响, 而与日照时数关系不大; 在1977-2008年时段, 树轮生长主要受冬季(11月到1月)低温的限制, 另外, 日照时数对于树木生长的限制性影响明显增强。秋季到早冬(9-12月)降水在两个时段上对树木生长均有一定的限制性影响。树轮指数在1956-1976年时段与温度序列吻合较好, 而在1977-2008年时段树轮指数明显偏低, 与温度序列出现了明显的分离。1977-2008年时段内云层覆盖量增加导致太阳辐射量显著下降, 进而树木可利用的光合有效辐射也相应地降低, 这可能是树木生长速率在此时期明显较慢的主要原因。

关键词: 气候响应, 树木年轮, 川西地区, 卧龙国家级自然保护区

Abstract:

Aims It is generally assumed in dendroclimatological studies that the approximate relationship between tree growth and the limiting climatic factors is stable over time. However, observed spatial and temporal instabilities in growth-climate relationships suggest diverse growth responses expected to be triggered by unprecedented climatic changes in the future may greatly complicate dendroclimatic reconstructions of past climate histories. We test the stability of the growth-climate relationship using tree ring-width data of Abies faxoniana in Wolong National Natural Reserve of western Sichuan, China to provide qualitative verification for regional paleoclimatic studies and dynamic vegetation models for carbon uptake.

Methods Standardized dendroecological methods were used to study the effects of climatic variability on radial growth of A. faxoniana, a subalpine conifer that was the dominant and economically most important tree species in this region. Fifty-two increment cores of A. faxoniana were sampled in a pristine forest site at 2 750 m and several statistics were used to identify common patterns of interannual growth variability. A shift in climate facilitated comparison of growth-climate relationships during two distinct periods: 1956-1976 and 1977-2008. Tree radial growth was correlated against monthly total precipitation, sunshine time and mean, minimum, and maximum temperature from the nearby meteorological station.

Important findings Tree radial growth showed time-dependent relationships to interannual climate variation. For 1956-1976, tree growth showed a positive growth response to temperature in late winter to early spring (prior December to current April), whereas high temperature in late spring (May) negatively impacted tree growth. For 1977-2008, tree growth responded more strongly to sunshine time (positive) and winter temperature (negative). In addition, tree growth showed an internally consistent positive response to precipitation in autumn to early winter (prior September to December). An anomalous reduction in growth indices was a noteworthy feature in 1977-2008 and resulted in increasing divergence between the trends in ring width and temperature. In recent decades, the combination of decline in sunshine time and more cloud cover effectively decreased the amount of solar radiation available for photosynthesis and plant growth, and this was the most probable cause for the recent progressive decline in growth.

Key words: climate response, tree-ring, western Sichuan, Wolong National Natural Reserve

李宗善, 刘国华, 傅伯杰, 张齐兵, 胡婵娟, 罗淑政. 川西卧龙国家级自然保护区树木生长对气候响应的时间稳定性评估. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(9): 1045-1057. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.09.005

LI Zong-Shan, LIU Guo-Hua, FU Bo-Jie, ZHANG Qi-Bing, HU Chan-Juan, LUO Shu-Zheng. Evaluation of temporal stability in tree growth-climate response in Wolong National Natural Reserve, western Sichuan, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(9): 1045-1057. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.09.005

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.09.005

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2010/V34/I9/1045

图/表 8

图1 川西卧龙国家级自然保护区的树木年轮采样点和气象站分布。

Fig. 1 Distribution of tree-ring sampling site and meteorological station in Wolong National Natural Reserve of western Sichuan, China.

图2 川西卧龙国家级自然保护区岷江冷杉的标准年表。 , 年表序列; , 11年滑动平均序列; , 复本量。

Fig. 2 The standard tree-ring chronology of Abies faxoniana in Wolong National Natural Reserve of western Sichuan, China. , series of chronology; , series of 11-year smoothing average; , sample size.

图3 川西地区都江堰气象站降水量(柱状)、平均温度(三角折线)、最高温度(方框折线)和最低温度(圆圈折线)的逐月变化。

Fig. 3 Monthly variations of precipitations (bars), mean temperature (line with triangles), maximum temperature (line with squares), and minimum temperature (line with circles) for Dujiangyan meteorological station in western Sichuan, China.

图4 树轮年表与气候要素在两个时段(1956-1976年和1977-2008年)的箱线图。分布在箱线图上下边界以外的数据点是极端异常值。

Fig. 4 The boxplots of tree-ring chronology and climatic variables during the two study periods (1956-1976 and 1977-2008). Data points distributed outside up and down border lines of the boxplots are extreme outliers.

图5 树轮年表与气候要素在过去53年(1956-2008年)的变化趋势比较。 A, 树轮指数与气候要素的波动规律, 实线表示标准化的年表序列, 虚线表示标准化的气象要素序列。B, 标准化树轮序列和气象要素序列的残差图, 阴影部分表示残差负值。垂直虚线表示两分析时段(1956-1976年和1977-2008年)的分界线。PRE、SUN.TIME、TEM、TMN和TMX分别表示降水量、日照时数、温度、最小温度和最高温度。

Fig. 5 Comparison of the change trends for tree-ring chronology and climate data during the common interval: 1956-2008. A, Tree-ring index and climate over the past 53 years (1956-2008). The lines indicate the series of tree-ring index, and the dotted lines indicate the standardized climate variables. B, The difference series (tree-ring index minus climate variables), shaded to emphasize negative values. The vertical dashed lines separate the two study periods, 1956-1976 and 1977-2008, respectively. PRE, SUN.TIME, TEM, TMN and TMX indicate precipitation, sunshine time, temperature, minimum temperature and maximum temperature, respectively.

图6 树轮年表与气候要素的相关分析。 A, 1956-1976年时段的相关分析。B, 1977-2008年时段的相关分析。水平虚线表示相关分析显著性水平(p < 0.05)。PRE、SUN.TIME、TEM、TMN和TMX分别表示降水量、日照时数、温度、最小温度和最高温度。x轴下的数字表示相关分析中的月份, 从前一年7月(-7)到当年10月(10)。

Fig. 6 Correlation analysis between tree-ring chronology and climate data. A, Correlations during the study period of 1956-1976. B, Correlations during the study period of 1977-2008. The horizontal dashed lines indicate statistically significant correlations at the p < 0.05 level. PRE, SUN.TIME, TEM, TMN and TMX indicate precipitation, sunshine time, temperature, minimum temperature and maximum temperature, respectively. Numbers on x-axis refer to the corresponding months from prior July (-7) to current October (10) in the correlation analysis.

图7 树轮年表与CRU_TS2.0的云层覆盖度数据的相关分析。 A, 1956-1976年时段的相关分析。B, 1977-2008年时段的相关分析。水平虚线表示相关分析显著性水平(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 7 Correlations between tree-ring chronology and monthly cloud cover data of CRU_TS2.0 climatic database. A, Correlation results during the study period of 1956-1976. B, Correlation result during the study period of 1977-2008. The horizontal dashed lines indicate statistically significant correlations at the p < 0.05 level.

图8 树轮指数与太平洋年代涛动(PDO)指数的关系。 A, 树轮年表与PDO冬季指数(11-3月份)在过去53年(1956-2008年)来的波动规律(11年滑动平均)。实线表示标准化的年表序列, 虚线表示标准化的PDO指数; 垂直虚线表示两分析时段(1956-1976年和1977-2008年)的分界线。B, 树轮年表与PDO指数在1956-1976年(白色柱)和1977-2008年时段(黑色柱)的相关分析。虚线和点线分别表示在1956-1976年和1977-2008年时段相关分析显著性水平(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 8 The association between tree-ring chronology and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). A, The changing trend of tree-ring chronology and PDO indices (November to March) over the past 53 years (1956-2008), smoothed using a 11-year low-pass filter. Line indicates the standardized data of chronology and dotted line indicated the standardized PDO indices. The vertical dashed lines separate the two study periods, 1956-1976 and 1977-2008, respectively. B, Correlations between tree-ring chronology and monthly PDO indices, for the two study periods: 1956-1976 (white bar) and 1977-2008 (black bar), respectively. The horizontal dashed and dotted lines indicate statistically significant correlations at the p < 0.05 level for 1956-1976 and 1977-2008, respectively.

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