岷江上游两种生态系统降雨分配的比较

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2006.0094

植物生态学报 ›› 2006, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 723-731.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0094

岷江上游两种生态系统降雨分配的比较

李振新¹^,², 欧阳志云¹^,^*(), 郑华¹, 刘兴良³, 宿以明³

1 中国科学院生态环境研究中心系统生态重点实验室,北京 100085
2 东北师范大学环境科学系,长春 130024
3 四川省林业科学研究院森林生态与环境资源研究所,成都 610081

收稿日期:2005-12-12 接受日期:2006-03-28 出版日期:2006-12-12 发布日期:2006-09-30
通讯作者: 欧阳志云
作者简介:*E-mail: zyouyang@mail.rcees.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金委创新群体项目(40321101);国家自然科学基金项目(30230090);东北师范大学自然科学青年基金(20050504)

COMPARISON OF RAINFALL REDISTRIBUTION IN TWO ECOSYSTEMS IN MINJIANG UPPER CATCHMENTS, CHINA

LI Zhen-Xin¹^,², OUYANG Zhi-Yun¹^,^*(), ZHENG Hua¹, LIU Xing-Liang³, SU Yi-Ming³

1 Key Laboratory of Systems Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
2 Department of Environmental Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
3 Institute of Forest Ecology and Environmental Resources, Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu 610081, China

Received:2005-12-12 Accepted:2006-03-28 Online:2006-12-12 Published:2006-09-30
Contact: OUYANG Zhi-Yun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植被的降雨分配作用对理解生态系统的水文功能具有重要的意义。该文对四川岷江上游岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)针叶林和川滇高山栎(Quercus aquifolioides)灌丛两种生态系统的降雨分配及降雨截留的影响因素进行了研究,探讨了植被分配降雨及截留降雨的影响机制和影响因素。文中采用定位观测的方法研究降雨分配。针叶林中冠层降雨截留占33.33%,树干茎流占0.07%,穿透雨占66.60%;而灌丛的冠层截留降雨为24.95%,穿透雨为75.05%;针叶林地被物的蓄留水能力(1.746 mm)要大于灌丛地被物的持水能力(0.941 mm);针叶林土壤的容积含水率(39.66%)也要高于灌丛土壤的容积含水率(38.19%);两种生态系统中的穿透雨率与降雨量的关系均可用逻辑斯谛方程较好地模拟。文中还选取了降雨量、降雨强度、降雨持续时间、两次降雨的间隔时间和次降雨期间的气温等5种因子分析影响两种生态系统降雨截留的主要因素。根据截留降雨与上述5种因子的偏相关分析结果:针叶林冠层的降雨截留主要受降雨量、降雨持续时间和间隔时间的影响;灌丛的降雨截留主要受降雨量、气温与降雨持续时间的影响。文中从当地的降雨特征与两种生态系统微气候差异的角度分析了两种生态系统降雨分配及降雨截留影响因素差异的原因。

关键词: 降雨截留, 降雨分配, 岷江冷杉, 高山栎灌丛, 穿透雨, 偏相关分析

Abstract:

Background and Aims Ecosystems in western Sichuan Province are diverse, and their hydrological functions are important to the ecological stability of the upper drainages of the Yangtse River. It is important to study rainfall redistribution by vegetation in this area to understand the hydrological functions of ecosystems. We studied Abies faxoniana conifer forest and Quercus aquifolioides shrubland in the Dengsheng subalpine dark coniferous forests positioning research station in the upper catchments of Minjiang River, Sichuan. Our objectives were to: 1) determine the magnitude of canopy layer interception, stem flow and water holding capability of ground litter and soil and 2) analyze factors that influence rainfall interception.

Methods We studied rainfall redistribution in the ecosystems from July to September, 2001 and June to August, 2002. We measured total rainfall with one standard and two automatic rain gages, throughfall with eight randomly placed barrel gages (30 cm diameter and 40 cm height) in the forest ecosystem and four in the shrub ecosystem, stem flow of trees in the forest ecosystem but not in the shrub ecosystem, and microclimate in both ecosystems and on open ground outside of the forest. Pearson correlation and partial correlation methods were used to analyze five factors influencing rainfall interception: rainfall volume, rainfall intensity, duration of single rainfall events, time interval between consecutive rainfall events and average air temperature during individual rainfall events.

Key Results In the forest ecosystem, canopy rainfall interception accounted for 33.33% of the total rainfall, stem flow 0.07% and throughfall 66.60%. For the shrubland ecosystem, rainfall interception accounted for 24.95% and throughfall 75.05%. Water holding capability was larger for conifer forest ground litter including lichens (1.746 mm) than for shrubland ground litter (0.941 mm). Bulk moisture content was larger for conifer forest (39.66%) than shrubland (38.19%). The relationship between throughfall percentage and rainfall could be modeled with a logistic equation.

Conclusions Interception in the conifer forest was mainly affected by rainfall volume, duration of rainfall and time interval time between consecutive rainfall events. For the shrubland, interception was mainly affected by rainfall volume, duration of rainfall and temperature. Differences between rainfall redistribution and factors affecting rainfall interception are analyzed and discussed in relation to local rainfall characteristics and microclimate differences between the two ecosystems.

Key words: Interception, Rainfall redistribution, Abies faxoniana forest, Quercus aquifolioides shrubland, Throughfall, Partial correlation

李振新, 欧阳志云, 郑华, 刘兴良, 宿以明. 岷江上游两种生态系统降雨分配的比较. 植物生态学报, 2006, 30(5): 723-731. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0094

LI Zhen-Xin, OUYANG Zhi-Yun, ZHENG Hua, LIU Xing-Liang, SU Yi-Ming. COMPARISON OF RAINFALL REDISTRIBUTION IN TWO ECOSYSTEMS IN MINJIANG UPPER CATCHMENTS, CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(5): 723-731. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0094

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图/表 8

参考文献 16

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雨强分级Classification of rainfall intensity (mm·h^-1)	0~0.2	0.2~0.5	0.5~1.0	1.0~2.0	2.0~5.0	>5.0
次数Frequency	10	18	12	10	5	1
降雨量范围Rrainfall range (mm)	0.30~3.60	0.70~9.00	1.90~17.40	0.60~25.50	3.50~30.60	6.10
平均降雨量 Average rainfall (mm)	1.20	3.99	8.57	10.84	13.32	6.10

雨强分级Classification of rainfall intensity (mm·h^-1)	0~0.2	0.2~0.5	0.5~1.0	1.0~2.0	2.0~5.0	>5.0
次数Frequency	10	18	12	10	5	1
降雨量范围Rrainfall range (mm)	0.30~3.60	0.70~9.00	1.90~17.40	0.60~25.50	3.50~30.60	6.10
平均降雨量 Average rainfall (mm)	1.20	3.99	8.57	10.84	13.32	6.10

	气温(℃) Temperature	最低气温 (℃) Minimum temperature	最高气温 (℃) Maximum temperature	相对湿度 (%) Relative humidity	0 cm地温 (℃) 0 cm Soil temperature	5 cm地温 (℃) 5 cm Soil temperature	10 cm地温 (℃) 10 cm Soil temperature	15 cm地温 (℃) 15 cm Soil temperature	20 cm地温 (℃) 20 cm Soil temperature
林外 Open ground	12.9	6.0	25.5	77.9	16.5	15.4	15.2	14.8	14.7
针叶林 Conifer forest	12.4	6.0	22.0	83.8	12.4	11.4	11.0	10.8	10.7
灌丛 Shrub	12.8	6.0	28.0	79.7	13.3	12.0	11.7	11.8	11.8

	气温(℃) Temperature	最低气温 (℃) Minimum temperature	最高气温 (℃) Maximum temperature	相对湿度 (%) Relative humidity	0 cm地温 (℃) 0 cm Soil temperature	5 cm地温 (℃) 5 cm Soil temperature	10 cm地温 (℃) 10 cm Soil temperature	15 cm地温 (℃) 15 cm Soil temperature	20 cm地温 (℃) 20 cm Soil temperature
林外 Open ground	12.9	6.0	25.5	77.9	16.5	15.4	15.2	14.8	14.7
针叶林 Conifer forest	12.4	6.0	22.0	83.8	12.4	11.4	11.0	10.8	10.7
灌丛 Shrub	12.8	6.0	28.0	79.7	13.3	12.0	11.7	11.8	11.8

Pearson相关分析 Pearson correlation	冠层截留 Interception of rainfall by canopy (I)	降雨量 Rainfall (R)	雨强 Rainfall intensity (RI)	持续时间 Duration of the rainfall (DA)	间隔时间 Interval time of two rainfall (INT)	温度 Temperature (T)
Pearson相关分析 Pearson correlation	冠层截留 Interception of rainfall by canopy (I)	0.794 p<0.001	0.249 p=0.150	0.558 p<0.001	0.133 p=0.445	-0.035 p=0.840
偏相关分析 Partial correlation	I	R	RI	DA	INT	T
偏相关分析 Partial correlation	I	0.591 p<0.001	0.202 p=0.277	0.392 p=0.029	0.383 p=0.033	-0.063 p=0.736

岷江上游两种生态系统降雨分配的比较

COMPARISON OF RAINFALL REDISTRIBUTION IN TWO ECOSYSTEMS IN MINJIANG UPPER CATCHMENTS, CHINA

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Pearson相关分析 Pearson correlation	冠层截留 Interception of rainfall by canopy (I)	降雨量 Rainfall (R)	雨强 Rainfall intensity (RI)	持续时间 Duration of the rainfall (DA)	间隔时间 Interval time of two rainfall (INT)	温度 Temperature (T)
Pearson相关分析 Pearson correlation	冠层截留 Interception of rainfall by canopy (I)	0.818 p<0.001	-0.014 p=0.947	0.690 p<0.001	0.076 p=0.712	-0.468 p=0.016
偏相关分析 Partial correlation	I	R	RI	DA	INT	T
偏相关分析 Partial correlation	I	0.684 p<0.001	0.091 p=0.688	0.445 p=0.038	0.177 p=0.432	-0.520 p=0.013

类型 Type	厚度 Thick (cm)	地表盖度 Coverage	干重 Dry weight (g·m^-2) (平均值±标准差) (Mean±SD)	原重 Natural weight (g·m^-2) (平均值±标准差) Mean±SD)	最大吸水重 Weight with maximum water storage (g·m^-2) (平均值±标准差) Mean±SD)	自然吸水率 Natural water storage capacity (%)	最大吸水率 Maximum water storage capacity (%)
苔藓 Lichen (3)	4	60%	175.3±65.6	660.7±322.3	1 110.1±528.7	368.3%	620.4%
针叶林枯落物 Ground litter in conifer forest (3)	3	90%	2 199.8±459.4	6 760.0±1951.6	8 065.5±2 199.6	307.3%	366.6%
灌丛枯落物 Ground litter in shrub (3)	3	95%	895.8±125.5	2 533.3±334.9	3 468.1±433.8	283.0%	388.0%

层次 Soil layer (cm)	土壤容重 Bulk density of soil (g·cm^-3)		土壤孔隙度 Soil porosity (%)		土壤容积含水量 Bulk moisture content of soil (%)
层次 Soil layer (cm)	针叶林 Conifer forest	灌丛 Shrub		针叶林 Conifer forest	灌丛 Shrub		针叶林 Conifer forest	灌丛 Shrub
0~20	0.652	0.731	75.40	72.42	41.00	34.55
20~40	0.792	0.894	70.11	66.26	43.54	37.63
40~60	0.779	0.993	70.60	62.53	34.45	42.40
平均 Average	0.741	0.873	72.04	67.06	39.66	38.19

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