增温对川西亚高山针叶林内不同光环境下红桦和岷江冷杉幼苗生长和生理的影响

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.012

植物生态学报 ›› 2008, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 1072-1083.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.012

所属专题：青藏高原植物生态学：生理生态学

增温对川西亚高山针叶林内不同光环境下红桦和岷江冷杉幼苗生长和生理的影响

尹华军¹, 赖挺¹, 程新颖¹, 蒋先敏², 刘庆¹^,^*()

1 中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都 610041
2 四川省阿坝州川西林业局,四川阿坝州 623102

收稿日期:2008-02-22 接受日期:2008-05-30 出版日期:2008-02-22 发布日期:2008-09-30
通讯作者: 刘庆
作者简介:*(liuqing@cib.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点项目(30530630);中国科学院西部行动计划重大项目(KZCX2-XB2-02);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-YW-N-066);西部之光人才计划项目

WARMING EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGY OF SEEDLINGS OF BETULA ALBO-SINENSIS AND ABIES FAXONIANA UNDER TWO CONTRASTING LIGHT CONDITIONS IN SUBALPINE CONIFEROUS FOREST OF WESTERN SICHUAN, CHINA

YIN Hua-Jun¹, LAI Ting¹, CHENG Xin-Ying¹, JIANG Xian-Min², LIU Qing¹^,^*()

¹Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
²West Sichuan Forestry Bureau of Aba Tibetan and the Qiang People Autonomous Prefecture, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan 623102, China

Received:2008-02-22 Accepted:2008-05-30 Online:2008-02-22 Published:2008-09-30
Contact: LIU Qing

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

川西亚高山针叶林是青藏高原东部高寒林区的重要组成部分, 也是研究全球变化对森林生态系统影响的重要森林类型。开展亚高山针叶林不同树种对气候变暖响应差异的研究, 可为预测未来气候变暖背景下亚高山针叶林植被组成和森林动态提供科学依据。我们以川西亚高山针叶林两种主要树种——红桦(Betula albo-sinensis)和岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)为研究材料, 采用开顶式增温法(Open-top chamber, OTC)模拟气候变暖, 研究了增温对全光条件和林下低光环境中(约为全光的10%)生长的红桦和岷江冷杉幼苗生长和生理的影响。在人工林环境下, OTC使增温框内平均气温和地表温度分别升高了0.51和0.33 ℃; 而在林外空地处, OTC使二者分别升高了0.69和0.41 ℃。研究结果显示, 增温总体上促进了两种幼苗的生长和生理过程, 并促使幼苗将更多的生物量投入到其同化部位——叶, 使幼苗的根冠比(R/S)显著降低。增温通过增加叶片的光合色素含量和表观量子效率等光合参数, 促进了幼苗的光合过程和生长。然而, 增温对两种幼苗生长和生理的影响效果与植物种类及其所处的光环境有关。增温仅在林外全光条件下显著影响红桦幼苗的生长和生理过程。岷江冷杉幼苗对增温的响应与红桦相反, 即增温仅在林下低光环境下对岷江冷杉幼苗的生长和生理过程有明显促进作用。这种响应差异可能赋予这两种植物在未来气候变暖背景下面对外界环境变化时具有不同的适应能力和竞争优势, 从而对亚高山针叶林生态系统物种组成和森林动态产生潜在影响。

关键词: 红桦, 岷江冷杉, 气候变暖, 亚高山针叶林

Abstract:

Aims The subalpine coniferous forests in eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau provide a natural laboratory for studying effects of climate warming on terrestrial ecosystems. Research on differences between tree species in their responses to experimental warming can provide insights into their regeneration behavior and community composition under a future warmer climate.

Methods We used open-top chamber (OTC) to determine short-term effects of two levels of air temperature (ambient and warmed) and light (full light and ca. 10% of full light regimes) on the early growth and physiology of Betula albo-sinensis and Abies faxonianaseedlings.

Important findings The OTC manipulation increased mean air temperature and soil surface temperature by 0.51 ℃ and 0.33 ℃, respectively, under the 60-year plantation and 0.69 ℃ and 0.41 ℃, respectively, under the forest opening. Warming generally increased the growth, biomass accumulation and advanced physiological processes for seedlings of both species. In response to warming, both species allocated relatively more biomass to foliage and had significantly decreased root/shoot ratios (R/S), which might provide tree species an adaptive advantage when other environmental factors are not limiting. Warming may enhance photosynthesis in the two seedlings by increasing efficiency of PSⅡ in terms of increase inF_v/F_m, photosynthetic pigment concentrations and apparent quantum yield (Φ). However, the effects of warming on seedling growth and physiological performance varied by light conditions and species. For B. albo-sinensis seedlings, the effects of warming were pronounced only under full-light conditions, while the growth and physiological responses of A. faxoniana seedlings to warming were found only under low-light conditions. Competitive and adaptive relationships between the two species may be altered as a result of response differences to warming manipulation. The short-term beneficial impact of warming on the early growth and development of the two species suggests that global warming may lead to changes in regeneration dynamics and species composition in subalpine coniferous forest ecosystems.

Key words: Betula albo-sinensis, Abies faxoniana, global warming, subalpine coniferous forest

尹华军, 赖挺, 程新颖, 蒋先敏, 刘庆. 增温对川西亚高山针叶林内不同光环境下红桦和岷江冷杉幼苗生长和生理的影响. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(5): 1072-1083. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.012

YIN Hua-Jun, LAI Ting, CHENG Xin-Ying, JIANG Xian-Min, LIU Qing. WARMING EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGY OF SEEDLINGS OF BETULA ALBO-SINENSIS AND ABIES FAXONIANA UNDER TWO CONTRASTING LIGHT CONDITIONS IN SUBALPINE CONIFEROUS FOREST OF WESTERN SICHUAN, CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(5): 1072-1083. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.012

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2008/V32/I5/1072

图/表 6

参考文献 36

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月份 Month	林外空地 Forest opening				60年人工林 The 60-year plantation
月份 Month		T_air (℃)	T_soil (℃)	空气相对湿度 Air relative humidity (%)	T_air (℃)	T_soil (℃)	空气相对湿度 Air relative humidity (%)
4月	OTC	5.78	3.87	69.12	5.20	3.63	81.32
Apr.	Con.	5.30	3.43	79.58	5.00	3.39	88.42
5月	OTC	9.01	7.11	82.35	8.41	6.79	94.83
May	Con.	8.30	6.89	92.24	8.15	6.61	100
6月	OTC	11.74	10.28	78.97	11.25	9.92	91.08
Jun.	Con.	11.09	10.05	88.68	10.82	9.74	98.54
7月	OTC	15.67	14.54	73.35	15.04	13.43	85.94
Jul.	Con.	14.85	13.49	84.92	14.57	13.28	94.35
8月	OTC	15.64	13.72	89.16	14.89	13.15	100
Aug.	Con.	14.89	13.52	97.07	14.44	13.14	100
9月	OTC	11.32	10.92	81.31	10.68	10.54	95.90
Sept.	Con.	10.39	10.69	93.65	10.08	10.43	100
平均	OTC	11.52	10.06	70.40	10.92	9.67	81.56
Average	Con.	10.83	9.65	78.16	10.41	9.34	86.84

月份 Month	林外空地 Forest opening				60年人工林 The 60-year plantation
月份 Month		T_air (℃)	T_soil (℃)	空气相对湿度 Air relative humidity (%)	T_air (℃)	T_soil (℃)	空气相对湿度 Air relative humidity (%)
4月	OTC	5.78	3.87	69.12	5.20	3.63	81.32
Apr.	Con.	5.30	3.43	79.58	5.00	3.39	88.42
5月	OTC	9.01	7.11	82.35	8.41	6.79	94.83
May	Con.	8.30	6.89	92.24	8.15	6.61	100
6月	OTC	11.74	10.28	78.97	11.25	9.92	91.08
Jun.	Con.	11.09	10.05	88.68	10.82	9.74	98.54
7月	OTC	15.67	14.54	73.35	15.04	13.43	85.94
Jul.	Con.	14.85	13.49	84.92	14.57	13.28	94.35
8月	OTC	15.64	13.72	89.16	14.89	13.15	100
Aug.	Con.	14.89	13.52	97.07	14.44	13.14	100
9月	OTC	11.32	10.92	81.31	10.68	10.54	95.90
Sept.	Con.	10.39	10.69	93.65	10.08	10.43	100
平均	OTC	11.52	10.06	70.40	10.92	9.67	81.56
Average	Con.	10.83	9.65	78.16	10.41	9.34	86.84

生长参数 Growth parameters	处理 Treatment
生长参数 Growth parameters	U	U+T	O	O+T	T	L	T*L
红桦 Betula albo-sinensis
株高 Plant height (cm)	55.22±2.31^c	56.22±1.31^c	72.25±3.36^b	97.33±1.54^a	**	**	**
地径 Root collar diameter (mm)	7.86±0.51^c	8.44±0.45^c	13.16±0.84^b	15.14±0.54^a	**	**	*
总生物量 Total biomass (g)	11.57±1.13^c	12.54±1.08^c	56.28±3.62^b	78.21±4.02^a	**	**	*
叶重 Leaf mass (g)	0.49±0.08^c	0.52±0.06^c	7.36±1.65^b	18.77±1.46^a	NS	**	**
根重 Root mass (g)	5.44±0.78^b	5.71±0.61^b	24.41±1.26^a	26.89±1.81^a	NS	*	NS
茎重 Stem mass (g)	5.64±0.46^c	6.31±0.39^c	24.51±1.63^b	32.55±1.33^a	NS	*	NS
岷江冷杉 Abies faxoniana
株高 Plant height (cm)	13.83±1.70^b	15.36±1.47^a	12.33±1.92^b	13.33±1.49^b	*	**	*
地径 Root collar diameter (mm)	4.35±0.19^b	4.87±0.23^a	3.79±0.32^c	3.95±0.44^c	*	**	*
总生物量 Total biomass (g)	2.17±0.27^b	3.44±0.40^a	1.75±0.17^b	1.84±0.16^b	**	**	*
叶重 Leaf mass (g)	0.63±0.04^b	1.20±0.12^a	0.32±0.09^c	0.36±0.08^c	NS	***	NS
根重 Root mass (g)	0.65±0.06^b	0.93±0.09^a	0.60±0.07^b	0.64±0.08^b	NS	*	NS
茎重 Stem mass (g)	0.89±0.09^b	1.35±0.11^a	0.83±0.08^b	0.84±0.07^b	NS	**	NS

生长参数 Growth parameters	处理 Treatment
生长参数 Growth parameters	U	U+T	O	O+T	T	L	T*L
红桦 Betula albo-sinensis
株高 Plant height (cm)	55.22±2.31^c	56.22±1.31^c	72.25±3.36^b	97.33±1.54^a	**	**	**
地径 Root collar diameter (mm)	7.86±0.51^c	8.44±0.45^c	13.16±0.84^b	15.14±0.54^a	**	**	*
总生物量 Total biomass (g)	11.57±1.13^c	12.54±1.08^c	56.28±3.62^b	78.21±4.02^a	**	**	*
叶重 Leaf mass (g)	0.49±0.08^c	0.52±0.06^c	7.36±1.65^b	18.77±1.46^a	NS	**	**
根重 Root mass (g)	5.44±0.78^b	5.71±0.61^b	24.41±1.26^a	26.89±1.81^a	NS	*	NS
茎重 Stem mass (g)	5.64±0.46^c	6.31±0.39^c	24.51±1.63^b	32.55±1.33^a	NS	*	NS
岷江冷杉 Abies faxoniana
株高 Plant height (cm)	13.83±1.70^b	15.36±1.47^a	12.33±1.92^b	13.33±1.49^b	*	**	*
地径 Root collar diameter (mm)	4.35±0.19^b	4.87±0.23^a	3.79±0.32^c	3.95±0.44^c	*	**	*
总生物量 Total biomass (g)	2.17±0.27^b	3.44±0.40^a	1.75±0.17^b	1.84±0.16^b	**	**	*
叶重 Leaf mass (g)	0.63±0.04^b	1.20±0.12^a	0.32±0.09^c	0.36±0.08^c	NS	***	NS
根重 Root mass (g)	0.65±0.06^b	0.93±0.09^a	0.60±0.07^b	0.64±0.08^b	NS	*	NS
茎重 Stem mass (g)	0.89±0.09^b	1.35±0.11^a	0.83±0.08^b	0.84±0.07^b	NS	**	NS

光合参数 Photosynthetic parameters	处理 Treatment
光合参数 Photosynthetic parameters	U	U+T	O	O+T	T	L	T*L
红桦 Betula albo-sinensis
P_n(μmol?m^-2?s^-1)	2.18±0.32^c	2.46±0.36^c	6.28±1.16^b	8.45±1.57^a	*	***	**
T_r(mmol?m^-2?s^-1)	0.84±0.05^c	0.86±0.04^c	2.78±0.32^b	4.05±0.93^a	NS	**	NS
C_i (μmol?mol^-1)	310..5±9.8^a	289.4±6.5^a	196.4±8.3^b	122.6±8.9^c	NS	*	NS
P_max(μmol?m^-2?s^-1)	6.61±0.14^c	7.22±0.20^c	15.42±1.17^b	18.65±1.56^a	**	**	*
Φ (mol CO₂?mmol^-1)	0.04±0.02^b	0.05±0.01^a	0.06±0.02^a	0.06±0.02^a	NS	*	NS
R_d (μmol?m^-2?s^-1)	0.87±0.06^c	0.94±0.10^c	1.38±0.12^b	1.97±0.17^a	NS	*	NS
LCP (μmol?m^-2?s^-1)	24.32±2.12^b	24.13±3.10^b	68.51±3.83^a	56.53±2.93^a	NS	***	*
岷江冷杉 Abies faxoniana
P_n(μmol?m^-2?s^-1)	2.14±0.15^b	2.34±0.17^a	1.95±0.15^b	2.03±0.14^b	NS	**	*
T_r(mmol?m^-2?s^-1)	0.84±0.07^b	0.92±0.08^b	1.25±0.07^a	1.28±0.09^a	NS	**	NS
C_i (μmol?mol^-1)	268.3±14.8^a	256.5±15.9^a	228.6±18.3^b	218.3±15.6^b	NS	*	NS
P_max(μmol?m^-2?s^-1)	3.15±0.28^c	3.98±0.21^b	4.23±0.45^a	4.47±0.49^a	*	**	*
Φ (mol CO₂?mmol^-1)	0.05±0.02^a	0.06±0.01^a	0.02±0.00^b	0.03±0.01^b	NS	*	NS
R_d (μmol?m^-2?s^-1)	0.27±0.03^b	0.29±0.03^b	0.92±0.09^a	0.96±0.10^a	NS	**	*
LCP (μmol?m^-2?s^-1)	20.64±2.14^b	18.46±2.07^b	39.26±3.47^a	38.45±3.45^a	NS	**	NS

增温对川西亚高山针叶林内不同光环境下红桦和岷江冷杉幼苗生长和生理的影响

WARMING EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGY OF SEEDLINGS OF BETULA ALBO-SINENSIS AND ABIES FAXONIANA UNDER TWO CONTRASTING LIGHT CONDITIONS IN SUBALPINE CONIFEROUS FOREST OF WESTERN SICHUAN, CHINA

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