龙须菜对海水氮磷富营养化的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0063

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)是红藻门江蓠属大型海藻,已从山东青岛引种到广东省南澳岛等地栽培多年。深入了解其光合作用与环境条件的关系,对龙须菜的合理栽培及其在环境生态中的生物学作用和扩大其开发利用价值,具有重要的理论和现实意义。该文利用人为配置的不同程度N、P污染海水处理龙须菜,研究其生理生态特性对海水氮磷富营养化的响应。结果表明: 处理6 d后,龙须菜叶绿素a及3种藻胆蛋白含量和总抗氧化能力在轻度P(P 0.2 mg·L^-1)及重度N、P复合污染(P 10 mg·L^-1,N 55 mg·L^-1)情况下降低。叶绿素荧光参数的变化也表明上述处理对叶绿体PSⅡ造成不利影响,而在轻度N(N 0.9 mg·L^-1)和轻度N、P复合污染(P 0.2 mg·L^-1,N 0.9 mg·L^-1)海水中上述参数则变化不大,表现出龙须菜对轻度N及轻度N、P复合污染的耐受性。该实验条件下,轻度污染处理后,藻体中不因环境N、P浓度升高而富集N、P。表明龙须菜可以作为轻度富营养化海水水体的净化藻类。

关键词: 龙须菜, 富营养化, 氮, 磷, 叶绿素荧光参数, 藻胆蛋白

Abstract:

Aims Gracilaria lemaneiformis is a commercially important marine red alga from which agar is extracted for use in food chemistry and in production of tissue culture media. It has been transplanted from Qingdao, Shandong Province to Nan'ao Island, Guangdong Province and other places in South China. Understanding the relationship between its photosynthesis and environmental factors has theoretical and practical importance for growing the macroalga more rationally, understanding its biological functions and increasing its utilization.
Methods We cultured G. lemaneiformis seaweeds in Qing'ao Bay of Nan'ao Island, South Sea, China. The silky samples (immersed in seawater in plastic casks) were taken into a laboratory and provided oxygen by air pumps. We studied their physiological responses to six days of growth in seawater eutrophicated to different degrees by nitrogen and phosphorus alone and in combination.
Important findings Contents of phycobiliprotein and chlorophyll a and total antioxidative ability were decreased significantly in mild phosphorus eutrophic seawater (P 0.2 mg·L^-1) and in severe nigrogen+phosphorus eutrophic seawater (P 10 mg·L^-1, N 55 mg·L^-1). Chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic parameters (F_v/F_m, F_v/F_o, q_P, q_N, Φ_PSⅡ, q_o) also showed the harmful effect of such treatments to PSⅡ function. However, no obvious changes in these parameters were found with mild nitrogen (N 0.9 mg·L^-1) and mild nitrogen+phosphorus (P 0.2 mg·L^-1, N 0.9 mg·L^-1) eutrophic seawater. Gracilaria lemaneiformis did not accumulate more nitrogen or phosphorus in vivo in mild eutrophic seawater than in the control seawater. Because G. lemaneiformis is tolerant to mild N and mild N+P pollution, this species may be used to purify lightly eutrophicated seawater.

Key words: Gracilaria lemaneiformis, eutrophication, nitrogen, phosphorus, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, phycobiliprotein

彭长连, 温学, 林植芳, 周厚诚, 陈少薇, 林桂珠. 龙须菜对海水氮磷富营养化的响应. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(3): 505-512. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0063

PENG Chang-Lian, WEN Xue, LIN Zhi-Fang, ZHOU Hou-Cheng, CHEN Shao-Wei, LIN Gui-Zhu. RESPONSE OF GRACILARIA LEMANEIFORMIS TO NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS EUTROPHIC SEAWATER. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(3): 505-512. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0063

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2007.0063

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2007/V31/I3/505

图/表 4

图1 不同N、P浓度处理6 d后藻胆蛋白、叶绿素a及类胡萝卜素含量的变化 CK为空白,即藻体生长的海水中未添加N、P元素;L-P为轻度P污染的海水,即海水中加入NaH2PO4,使P浓度为0.2 mg·L-1;L-N为轻度N污染的海水,加入NH4NO3,使N浓度为0.9 mg·L-1 ;L-NP为轻度N、P的复合污染, H-NP为重度N、P污染,N、P浓度分别为55和10 mg·L-1。实验重复3次, 相同字母的数字之间无显著差异(p=0.05), 带其它不同字母的数字之间的差异显著(p<0.05)

Fig.1 Changes in phycobiliproteins, contents of chlorophyll a and carotenoid in Gracilaria lemaneiformis after 6 days treatment in seawater with different concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus CK (control), original seawater; L-P, less polluted seawater by 0.2 mg·L-1 of phosphorous (NaH2PO4); L-N, less polluted seawater by 0.9 mg·L-1 nitrogen (NH4NO3); L-NP, less polluted by nitrogen (0.9 mg·L-1)and phosphorus (0.2 mg·L-1) combination; H-NP, serious polluted seawater by 10 mg·L-1 nitrogen and 55 mg·L-1 phosphorus. The numbers sharing the same letters are not significantly different (p=0.05), and these with other different letters are significantly different (p<0.05)

图2 不同N、P浓度处理6 d后叶绿素a荧光参数变化

Fig.2 Changes in chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters in Gracilaria lemaneiformis after 6 days treatment with different concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus Fv/Fo:PSⅡ潜在活性 PSⅡ potential activity Fv/Fm: PSⅡ原初光化学效率 Maximum quantum yield of photosynthesis qo: 叶绿素荧光最小值的相对变化 Relative change of minimum chlorophll fluorescence qN: 非光化学猝灭系数 Non-photochemical quenching qP: 光化学猝灭系数 Photochemical quenching ΦPSⅡ: 光合作用的真实量子效率 Actual quantumn yield of photosynthesis CK、L-P、L-N、L-NP、H-NP: 见图1 See Fig. 1

图3 不同N、P浓度处理时龙须菜藻体清除DPPH·能力的变化 CK、L-P、L-N、L-NP、H-NP:见图1

Fig.3 Changes in DPPH· scavenge capacity in Gracilaria lemaneiformis treated with different concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous CK、L-P、L-N、L-NP、H-NP:See Fig. 1

图4 不同N、P浓度处理时龙须菜藻体N、P含量的变化 CK、L-P、L-N、L-NP、H-NP:见图1

Fig.4 Changes of nitrogen or phosphorus content in Gracilaria lemaneiformis after treating with different concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus CK、L-P、L-N、L-NP、H-NP:See Fig. 1

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