›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (预发表): 0-.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0042

• •    下一篇

滇池湖滨带典型挺水植物氮磷重吸收特征及其适应策略

陈欣蕊, 宋维峰, 王燚, 王浩, 孙诗瑶, 王彩江, 蔡世鹏, 任红, 何玉陶, 潘珉, 曹光秀, 严毅, 谢志勇, 王行   

  1. 西南林业大学生态与环境学院（湿地学院）, 国家高原湿地研究中心, 云南 650224 中国
    滇池湖泊生态系统云南省野外科学观测研究站, 650228
    西南林业大学生物与食品工程学院, 650224
    昆明市晋宁区林业和草原局, 650600
    昆明市滇池高原湖泊研究院, 650228
    昆明市林业和草原科学研究院, 650033
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-05 修回日期:2025-07-15 接受日期:2025-08-25 出版日期:2026-04-20
  • 基金资助:
    云南省科技厅科技计划项目(202203AC100002-03); 云南省科技厅野外科学观测研究建设专项(202305AM340008); 云南省农业联合专项重点项目(202301BD070001-009)

Nitrogen and phosphorus resorption characteristics and adaptive strategies of typical emergent plants in the lakeshore zone of Dianchi Lake, China

CHEN Xin-Rui, SONG Wei-Feng, Yi WANG, Hao WANG, Shi-Yao SUN, Cai-Jiang WANG, Shi-Peng CAI, Hong REN, Yu-Tao HE, Min PAN, Guang-Xiu CAO, Yi YAN, Zhi-Yong XIE, WANG Hang   

  1. College of Ecology and Environment (Wetland College), National Plateau Wetland Research Center, Southwest Forestry University 650224, China
    , Dianchi Lake Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province 650228,
    College of Biological and Food Engineering, Southwest Forestry University 650224,
    , Kunming Jinning District Forestry and Grassland Bureau 650600,
    , Kunming Dianchi and Plateau Lakes Institute 650228,
    , Kunming Forestry and Grassland Science Institute 650033,
  • Received:2025-02-05 Revised:2025-07-15 Accepted:2025-08-25 Online:2026-04-20
  • Supported by:
    Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Program(202203AC100002-03); Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Special Project for the Construction of Field Scientific Observation and Research Station(202305AM340008); Key Project of the Yunnan Provincial Joint Agricultural Special Program(202301BD070001-009)

摘要： 叶片养分重吸收是植物适应养分限制或极端环境的重要机制。然而，湿地挺水植物在适应特定环境下的养分重吸收特征及其生态策略尚不明确。该研究以滇池湖滨带12种典型挺水植物为研究对象，分别于成熟期和衰老期采集了471个株丛的成熟和衰老叶片，并集中调查了70个样方中的植物地上生物量。在测定叶片氮（N）、磷（P）含量的基础上，研究不同挺水植物叶片养分重吸收效率和化学计量比的变化特征及内在规律。结果表明：（1）所有植物对N、P的重吸收效率差异显著，其中，茭草（Zizania latifolia）和黄菖蒲（Iris pseudacorus）对N、P的重吸收效率最高（66.17%、56.22%），而香蒲（Typha orientalis）和风车草（Cyperus alternifolius ssp. flabelliformis）的最低（46.13%、42.78%）。（2）典型挺水植物叶片N:P平均值为11.42（<14），重吸收效率比（NRE:PRE）平均值为1.25（显著大于1），表明滇池湖滨带挺水植物整体上受N限制。在该条件下，挺水植物的N重吸收效率（56.43%）高于P重吸收效率（49.62%），进一步体现植物在N限制背景下优先吸收限制性更强的N养分。（3）相对于其他植物，花叶芦竹（Arundo donax var. versicolor）表现出最强的N、P积累能力（399.67 g·m-2和49.32 g·m-2）和移除潜力（61.19 g·m-2和8.63 g·m-2）。另外，植物的地上生物量和N、P含量以及养分重吸收程度共同决定了收割管理策略，从而影响其对N、P的去除效果。（4）在典型挺水植物的养分重吸收过程中，同时存在养分浓度控制、养分限制控制和化学计量控制三种策略，其中化学计量控制占主导地位。研究结果揭示了滇池湖滨带典型挺水植物在养分重吸收、养分积累和生物量移除方面的特征以及相应的生态策略，为基于养分阻断技术的湖滨带挺水植物收割管理提供重要参考。

关键词: 挺水植物, 养分重吸收, 吸收策略, 化学计量, 富营养化

Abstract: Aims Leaf nutrient resorption is an important mechanism for plants to adapt to nutrient limitation or extreme environments. However, the nutrient resorption characteristics and ecological strategies of wetland emergent plants in adapting to specific environments remain unclear. Methods This study focuses on 12 typical emergent plant species from the lakeshore zone of Dianchi Lake, with 471 plant samples collected from mature and senescent leaves during the mature and senescent phases. The aboveground biomass of plants in 70 sampling plots was also investigated. Based on the measurement of leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content, the changes in nutrient resorption efficiency and stoichiometric ratios of different emergent plants were studied to reveal their intrinsic. Important findings (1) The resorption efficiencies of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) differed significantly among all plant species. Zizania latifolia and Iris pseudacorus exhibited the highest N and P resorption efficiencies (66.17% and 56.22%, respectively), while Typha orientalis and Cyperus alternifolius ssp. flabelliformis showed the lowest (46.13% and 42.78%, respectively). (2) The mean leaf N:P ratio of typical emergent plants was 11.42 (<14), and the resorption efficiency ratio (NRE:PRE) was 1.25 (significantly greater than 1), indicating that the emergent plants along the Dianchi Lake shore are overall N-limited. Under these conditions, the N resorption efficiency (56.43%) of the emergent plants is higher than the P resorption efficiency (49.62%), further highlighting the plants' preferential absorption of N, which is more limiting. (3) Compared with other plants, Arundo donax var. versicolor exhibited the strongest accumulation capacity for N and P (399.67 g·m-2 and 49.32 g·m-2, respectively) and the highest removal potential (61.19 g·m-2 and 8.63 g·m-2, respectively). Furthermore, the plant's aboveground biomass, N and P content, and nutrient resorption extent collectively determine the harvesting management strategy, which in turn affects the N and P removal efficiency of wetland plants. (4) In the nutrient resorption process of typical emergent plants, three strategies coexist: nutrient concentration control, nutrient limitation control, and stoichiometric control, with stoichiometric control being the dominant strategy. The findings reveal the characteristics and corresponding ecological strategies of nutrient resorption, nutrient accumulation, and biomass removal in typical emergent plants of the Dianchi lakeshore zone, providing important references for harvest management of emergent plants based on nutrient blocking techniques.

Key words: Emergent plants, nutrient resorption, resorption strategy, stoichiometry, eutrophication

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